From World Development Indicators 70596 The Little Data Book on Private Sector 12 Development Economic and social context Investment climate Private sector investment Finance and banking Infrastructure 2012 THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT Copyright © 2012 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing June 2012 ISBN: 978-0-8213-8995-9 eISBN: 978-0-8213-9521-9 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8995-9 SKU: 18995 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency of the World Bank. Design by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C. Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, U.K. Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Regional tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Note. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 iii Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 is based on World Development Indicators 2012 and its accompanying CD-ROM, with a focus on the private sector in development. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the World Bank’s Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency. The Development Data Group team included Liu Cui, Buyant Erdene Khaltarkhuu, William Prince, and Jomo Tariku. The Investment Climate Department’s team included Ryan Hahn and Nathalie David. The work was carried out under the management of Shaida Badiee, director of the Development Data Group, and Pierre Guislain, director of the Investment Climate Department. Azita Amjadi and Alison Kwong coordinated all stages of production. Staff from External Affairs oversaw publication and dissemination of the book. iv 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Preface Access to reliable cross-country data on private sector development is crucial when formulating responses to economic crises. When downturns affect exports, investment, and growth negatively, making life easier for business is a significant step towards economic recovery. This has become obvious during the global financial crisis as governments have tried to stimulate economic growth through the creation of more robust private and finance markets. Improving the investment climate facilitates economic adjustment as it helps attract capital to create jobs and provide basic services. Unsurprisingly, the availability of cross-country data on the business environment has rapidly expanded in recent years, including data from the World Bank Group’s Doing Business project, Enterprise Surveys, and the Entrepreneurship Snapshots. The data sources presented in this book report on the scope and types of regulations that enhance—and constrain—business activity and provide information on business owners’ assessment of the business environment. The data have led to new research, enabled benchmarking, and informed the reform process in many developing countries. For more information, please visit the Business Environment Snapshots at http://rru.worldbank .org/besnapshots/. Included in this guide are indicators on the economic and social context, the investment climate, private sector investment, finance and banking, and infrastructure. Though a pocket guide cannot include all relevant variables, the indicators that are included provide users with a general understanding of the private sector in each country. Indicators displayed in the tables are defined in the Glossary, which also lists data sources. We welcome your suggestions on how to improve future editions and make them more useful. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 v Data notes The data in this book are for 2005 and 2010 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in the table or the Glossary. • Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted. • Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only. • Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified. Symbols used: .. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data. 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. $ indicates current U.S. dollars. Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. vi 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 1 World 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6,503.6 6,894.6 Labor force (millions) 3,028.6 3,223.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,099 9,071 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.8 1.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.1 2.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.1 25.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.6 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.8 71.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.8 27.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.9 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 50 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 52.2 51.2 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.1 2.9 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 53.3 44.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.8 –7.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 110.5 122.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 82.1 89.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.6 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 4.0 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 132.0 134.4 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.6 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 45.0 64.9 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,656 2,803 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 34.0 78.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.8 30.2 2 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,892.7 1,961.6 Labor force (millions) 1,061.0 1,118.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.0 4.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,617 3,696 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.5 9.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.5 11.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.9 45.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 31.1 28.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.6 43.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.9 37.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.0 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 57 39 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 55.4 56.7 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 3.2 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.1 36.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.9 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 92,839 70,512 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.7 3.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.3 39.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.6 22.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 109.9 125.7 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.0 56.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 99.9 116.3 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 6.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 16.0 30.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,474 2,095 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.4 73.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.4 29.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 3 Europe & Central Asia 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 399.2 405.2 Labor force (millions) 182.5 191.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 9.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,709 7,272 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.1 3.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.8 7.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.6 32.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.9 17.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.6 60.6 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.7 30.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.1 30.6 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 37 16 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 25.6 25.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.9 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 56.9 41.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.2 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 55,441 135,012 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.1 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 18.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 3.9 –2.2 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 34.5 54.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 28.5 41.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.2 13.6 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.6 12.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.4 46.2 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 6.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.2 85.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,716 3,859 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 61.8 124.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 12.9 39.3 4 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 549.7 582.6 Labor force (millions) 252.2 278.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.4 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,411 7,741 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.6 3.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.1 6.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.7 31.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.4 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.2 62.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.3 22.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.8 22.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 78 57 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 58.6 55.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.5 3.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 50.3 47.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.2 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 143,219 202,542 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 19.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.7 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 47.0 59.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.7 43.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.1 10.1 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.6 2.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.0 41.7 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.9 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 26.3 22.5 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,736 1,892 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 43.1 98.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 16.5 34.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 5 Middle East & North Africa 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 303.6 331.3 Labor force (millions) 95.4 104.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.9 10.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,195 3,874 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.1 4.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.9 .. Industry value added (% of GDP) 43.0 .. Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.3 .. Services value added (% of GDP) 46.0 .. Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.5 .. Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.9 .. Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 39 23 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 54.8 54.8 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.5 3.5 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 56.6 40.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.5 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 13,435 29,970 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 .. Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 –3.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.4 60.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.1 64.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.3 35.0 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 5.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.2 75.2 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,305 1,497 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.2 86.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.3 20.9 6 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,517.3 1,633.1 Labor force (millions) 614.2 638.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 687 1,176 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.5 7.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.3 19.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.9 26.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.9 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.8 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.1 20.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.9 24.7 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 38 23 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 111.4 75.8 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.2 3.4 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.0 44.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.6 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 44,251 204,075 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.2 27.1 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 19.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.1 –3.8 Government debt (% of GDP) 61.2 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 55.2 65.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.7 61.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.4 7.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.3 10.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 37.7 45.8 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 5.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 55.7 53.9 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 421 517 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.7 58.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.5 8.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 7 Sub-Saharan Africa 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 754.6 853.4 Labor force (millions) 295.9 340.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 770 1,188 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.5 4.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.6 10.7 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.7 30.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.2 12.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.8 58.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 31.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.9 33.6 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 60 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 64.3 66.2 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.4 3.4 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 71.3 57.3 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.5 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 24,622 52,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.2 20.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 12.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.3 –1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 41.7 56.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.8 42.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 62.2 64.8 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 9.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.3 18.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 532 511 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.0 44.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.3 11.3 8 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy in The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,005 or less in 2010. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,005 but less than $12,276. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle- income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,975. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,276 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 9 Low income 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 718.2 796.3 Labor force (millions) 319.9 363.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.7 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.8 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.7 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.6 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.5 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.3 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 61 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 60.8 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.8 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 83.9 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 4,646 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.5 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 29.5 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.9 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.4 29.7 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.0 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 214 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.6 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 5.6 10 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle income 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4,698.8 4,970.8 Labor force (millions) 2,181.3 2,308.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,919 3,726 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.1 9.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.5 35.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.3 20.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.4 54.9 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 28.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 27.8 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 56 36 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 55.0 52.8 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.2 3.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 48.3 41.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.5 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 401,503 697,249 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 2.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 27.1 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.0 18.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 65.8 86.7 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.4 51.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.2 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 54.0 73.6 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.1 6.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 37.7 53.5 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,373 1,675 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.9 78.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.9 23.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 11 Lower middle income 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2,330.1 2,518.7 Labor force (millions) 935.9 994.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 896 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.5 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.7 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.6 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.4 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.7 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.1 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 54 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 64.8 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.4 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 48.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 90,218 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.1 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.8 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 45.7 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 43.7 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 16.5 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.4 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 31.3 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 554 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.5 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.9 13.5 12 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Upper middle income 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2,368.7 2,452.1 Labor force (millions) 1,245.4 1,314.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.9 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,925 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.4 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.2 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.2 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.9 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 58 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 45.2 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.1 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 48.8 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 301,287 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.5 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 71.5 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.7 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 60.1 83.2 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.4 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.4 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,171 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.1 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 11.9 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 13 Low and middle income 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5,417.0 5,767.2 Labor force (millions) 2,501.2 2,672.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,710 3,288 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.7 9.9 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.1 35.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.1 20.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.2 54.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.1 28.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 57 35 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 56.4 55.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.4 3.2 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 56.6 47.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.6 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 326,012 697,912 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 2.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.0 27.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.0 18.2 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 65.1 86.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.1 51.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.1 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 53.3 72.9 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.3 44.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,255 1,525 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.9 71.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.0 21.5 14 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development High income 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,086.6 1,127.4 Labor force (millions) 527.3 550.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.7 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 33,982 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.2 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.2 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.9 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.7 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 27 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 38.3 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.3 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 42.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.9 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 47.0 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 122.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 93.9 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.8 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.9 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 153.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.8 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.4 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 9,399 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 83.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 59.1 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 15 Euro area 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 324.2 331.8 Labor force (millions) 153.8 159.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 10.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 31,697 38,565 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.4 0.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.4 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.3 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.6 72.0 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.0 40.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.3 39.2 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 29 12 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 32.2 36.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.7 1.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 52.7 44.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.8 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.3 3.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 19.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.1 –5.2 Government debt (% of GDP) 59.5 70.5 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 126.2 155.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 85.4 109.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.9 6.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.3 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 109.3 133.6 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.8 87.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,840 6,592 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 97.6 122.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 51.2 71.2 16 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Country tables China Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Cyprus GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the area controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. Georgia GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available. Moldova GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP exclude Transnistria. Morocco GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP include Former Spanish Sahara. Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles ceased to exist on October 10, 2010. Curacao and St. Maarten became countries within the Kingdom of Netherlands. Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba became special municipalities of the Netherlands. South Sudan and Sudan Data are shown separately for South Sudan where available. However, data reported for Sudan include South Sudan unless otherwise noted. Tanzania GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to mainland Tanzania only. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2012 or data. worldbank.org. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 17 Afghanistan South Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 29.9 34.4 796 Labor force (millions) 7.6 9.1 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 230 410 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 12.4 10.7 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 39.5 29.9 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 22.2 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.7 13.1 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.2 47.9 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.7 0.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 49.5 46.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.2 15.5 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 71.3 53.6 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 160 Time to start a business (days) 9 7 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 30.0 30.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 36.4 36.4 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 28.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 1.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 45.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 468 1,040 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 0.4 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.3 16.3 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.7 7.4 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.9 1.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.4 10.5 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 15.2 11.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 27.5 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 20.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.0 37.8 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 3.7 5.6 18 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Albania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.1 3.2 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.5 13.8 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,580 3,960 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.3 5.3 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.8 20.2 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.5 19.3 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.7 19.3 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.7 60.5 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 3.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 99.9 103.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.3 29.8 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.3 51.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 82 Time to start a business (days) 41 5 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 56.0 56.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 58.2 38.5 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.7 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.2 2.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.8 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 82.0 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 37.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 25.6 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 19.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,676 1,471 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.1 9.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.6 25.9 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 20.4 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.0 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 42.1 61.6 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 52.1 57.6 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.4 8.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.3 13.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.9 38.0 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 9.3 9.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 6.4 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.0 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,209 1,747 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 37.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 48.7 141.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.0 45.0 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 19 Algeria Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 32.9 35.5 2,452 Labor force (millions) 10.0 11.2 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.3 11.4 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,720 4,390 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.1 2.6 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.2 6.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 61.3 62.1 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.9 5.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 30.5 31.0 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.4 3.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 73.3 74.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.6 30.8 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.3 21.5 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 148 Time to start a business (days) 25 25 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 14 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 76.9 72.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.6 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 10.3 10.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.4 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 25.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 15.0 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 49.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.0 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 5,015 6,323 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.3 38.3 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 10.2 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 13.2 –4.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 33.6 33.3 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.8 43.9 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.1 15.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –7.3 –7.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 6.3 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.2 74.0 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 898 971 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 4.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 41.5 92.4 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.8 12.5 34.1 20 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development American Samoa East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.07 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 38 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 83.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.6 .. 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 21 Andorra High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.08 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 32,650 41,750 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.1 3.7 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 82.9 77.2 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 37.6 81.0 73.4 22 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Angola Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.5 19.1 2,519 Labor force (millions) 6.1 7.1 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,330 3,960 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 9.9 12.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.7 9.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 72.6 62.5 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.5 5.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 19.8 27.6 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 23.0 14.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 87.2 91.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 79.3 56.8 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.4 43.3 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 172 Time to start a business (days) 119 68 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 58.0 58.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 6.2 6.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 53.2 53.2 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.6 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.1 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.8 34.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 2.1 13.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 60.2 7.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.1 21.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 324 1,725 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –4.3 –3.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.1 14.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 3.0 2.4 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 9.0 26.0 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.4 20.2 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.0 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.4 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.1 20.3 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 25.2 –0.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 54.3 9.8 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 129 202 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 7.6 5.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 9.8 46.7 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 10.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 23 Antigua and Barbuda Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,000 13,280 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.4 0.8 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.7 18.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.1 1.8 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 81.2 79.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.1 3.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.7 44.1 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.6 53.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 57 Time to start a business (days) 31 21 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 52.0 52.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 52.1 41.5 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.0 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 6 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 21.6 8.0 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.9 17.8 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 88.1 102.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 105.9 103.9 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 60.3 75.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 4.8 8.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 7.6 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 33.0 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.5 190.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 34.7 80.6 34.1 24 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Argentina Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.7 40.4 2,452 Labor force (millions) 17.7 18.4 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.6 8.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,460 8,620 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.2 6.4 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.4 10.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.6 30.9 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.2 20.5 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.0 59.1 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.6 10.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.9 3.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.1 21.7 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 18.4 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 113 Time to start a business (days) 30 26 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 14 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 165.0 95.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.8 2.8 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 108.1 108.2 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 2.8 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 13.5 11.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.5 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 14.1 20.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.3 8.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 6.9 30.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 46.2 54.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 26.9 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 10,659 11,198 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 1.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 22.0 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.1 .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.5 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 30.3 24.8 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.2 21.4 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 11.9 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.2 1.8 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.7 14.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –2.5 –4.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.4 1.4 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.0 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,422 2,759 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.0 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 57.3 141.8 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 17.7 36.0 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 25 Armenia Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.1 3.1 2,519 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.4 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 28.4 28.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,470 3,200 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 12.3 3.3 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.9 19.6 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.3 36.0 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.8 10.7 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.8 44.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.6 8.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 457.7 373.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.8 20.6 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.2 44.8 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 55 Time to start a business (days) 18 8 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 3 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 13.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.9 1.9 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 38.7 40.9 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.8 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.5 2.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.2 1.3 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.1 10.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 70.5 13.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 44.6 31.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 2.5 16.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.3 26.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 454 1,429 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 6.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.8 33.1 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.0 –4.9 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 9.5 27.8 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.8 16.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 21.5 20.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.9 3.0 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.0 26.5 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 14.3 9.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.2 10.3 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 90.0 93.6 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,479 1,550 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.4 125.0 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.3 44.0 13.5 26 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Aruba High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.11 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.7 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –0.8 .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 13.7 .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 57.7 65.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.3 69.2 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.0 .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 9.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.6 8.1 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.4 122.0 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 25.4 41.8 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 27 Australia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.4 22.3 1,127 Labor force (millions) 10.6 11.8 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.0 5.2 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 30,440 46,200 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.4 2.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 2.3 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.8 19.8 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.8 9.3 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.0 77.9 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.0 19.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.6 20.1 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 15 Time to start a business (days) 2 2 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 2 2 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 52.8 47.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 88.3 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.4 .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –5.1 2.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.8 28.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.3 –2.4 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 22.3 24.1 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 104.8 127.1 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 72.6 97.6 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.2 5.7 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.2 2.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 108.3 131.1 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 7.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 3.1 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 41.6 43.5 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 11,120 11,113 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 90.3 100.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 63.0 75.9 73.4 28 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Austria High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.2 8.4 1,127 Labor force (millions) 4.1 4.3 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.2 4.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 37,210 47,030 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.7 1.1 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.6 1.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.3 29.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.4 19.1 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.1 69.4 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.8 54.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.9 49.7 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 32 Time to start a business (days) 28 28 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 2.0 2.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.1 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 58.6 53.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.6 3.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.6 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 26.8 –6.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 20.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.0 –2.6 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 67.5 70.5 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 129.6 136.1 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 89.1 96.9 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.8 7.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.6 2.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 115.6 122.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,978 7,944 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 105.3 145.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 58.0 72.7 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 29 Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.4 9.1 2,452 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.6 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 6.0 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,270 5,330 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 12.7 15.8 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.9 5.8 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 63.6 64.7 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 5.8 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 26.5 29.5 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.7 5.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.9 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.9 55.1 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.9 20.4 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 66 Time to start a business (days) 113 8 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 22.0 22.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.7 2.7 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 46.4 40.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 5.5 5.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 0.9 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.2 3.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 68.4 43.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 0.4 19.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 2.0 9.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.3 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 731 1,408 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 12.7 1.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 41.3 17.0 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 37.5 5.9 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 0.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 11.5 22.9 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.0 12.1 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 21.5 .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.5 18.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 0.8 8.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.5 9.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 50.6 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,407 1,620 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.7 100.5 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.2 46.7 34.1 30 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bahamas, The High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.32 0.34 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.17 0.20 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.2 14.2 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 24,410 22,240 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.3 –0.8 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.2 2.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.4 14.4 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.5 4.3 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 82.4 83.6 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.2 42.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.0 51.2 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 85 Time to start a business (days) 31 31 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 26.0 26.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 46.1 47.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 3.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 10.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 14.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 31.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.3 11.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.2 20.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.4 –3.2 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 30.0 44.2 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 79.7 97.4 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.4 75.2 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 64.3 85.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 0.5 8.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.3 2.1 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 71.3 124.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 25.0 43.0 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 31 Bahrain High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.72 1.3 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.34 0.71 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,400 18,730 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.1 7.2 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.6 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 99.5 96.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.4 74.3 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 38 Time to start a business (days) 9 9 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 15.0 15.0 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.8 1.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 31.9 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 7.6 .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 23.6 .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 62.6 94.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 64.6 86.2 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.8 79.6 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –3.0 –3.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 6.0 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 80.3 82.1 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 11,667 9,214 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 105.8 124.2 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.3 55.0 73.4 32 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bangladesh South Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 140.6 148.7 796 Labor force (millions) 65.2 72.3 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 5.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 480 700 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.4 6.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.1 18.6 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.2 28.5 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.5 17.9 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.6 53.0 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.0 8.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 64.3 69.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.6 18.4 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.0 25.0 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 122 Time to start a business (days) 50 19 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 104.0 104.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 35.3 35.0 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.7 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 54.4 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 50.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,796 4,591 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 0.9 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.5 24.4 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 19.4 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.1 –1.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 36.2 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 49.9 63.2 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 39.8 51.7 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.7 6.5 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 13.2 11.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 33.8 47.1 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 6.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 5.9 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.5 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 175 252 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 101.6 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.4 46.2 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 3.7 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 33 Barbados High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.27 0.27 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.15 0.16 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.1 8.1 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,000 12,660 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.2 –0.2 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.8 3.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.4 23.2 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.3 .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 77.9 73.8 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.1 5.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.4 47.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.3 52.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.9 16.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 14.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –10.4 –5.6 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 91.6 92.7 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 98.4 114.1 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 108.5 130.3 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 92.5 102.9 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.9 5.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 6.0 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.2 127.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 56.1 70.0 73.4 34 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Belarus Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.8 9.5 2,452 Labor force (millions) 4.7 4.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,780 5,950 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.6 7.1 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.8 9.2 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.8 43.9 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 33.1 31.2 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.5 46.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.3 7.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,153.8 2,978.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.8 54.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.1 68.3 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 69 Time to start a business (days) 79 5 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 16 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 22.0 22.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.8 5.8 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 137.5 62.8 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.2 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.6 5.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.8 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.1 13.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 26.4 6.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 18.9 35.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.3 15.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.0 13.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 735 5,143 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 2.6 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.5 38.7 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 34.6 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.2 –1.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 6.6 18.7 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 20.8 52.9 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.0 26.2 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 19.8 13.7 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.1 3.5 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.9 44.8 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –6.4 –0.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.1 0.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 88.6 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,208 3,299 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 41.9 108.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 16.3 32.1 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 35 Belgium High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.5 10.9 1,127 Labor force (millions) 4.7 4.9 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.4 8.3 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 36,600 45,840 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.6 0.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.8 0.7 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.0 21.8 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.1 14.0 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.1 77.5 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.8 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 78.7 80.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74.8 77.3 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 28 Time to start a business (days) 34 4 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 16.0 16.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 0.9 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 60.2 57.3 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 5.2 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 25.5 29.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.7 4.3 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.9 15.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 20.2 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.7 –3.3 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 89.3 91.8 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 103.2 116.2 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 99.7 107.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 2.7 5.0 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.0 2.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 73.8 94.9 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.3 8.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.2 78.2 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,510 7,903 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 91.7 111.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 59.4 73.7 73.4 36 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Belize Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.29 0.35 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.11 0.14 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 8.2 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,580 3,810 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.7 2.3 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.3 12.2 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.4 22.8 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.1 14.3 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.3 65.1 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.6 0.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.6 62.1 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.7 70.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 93 Time to start a business (days) 45 44 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 24.0 24.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 34.7 33.2 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.8 0.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.6 3.0 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 280 220 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.4 6.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 25.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 56.6 67.2 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 52.7 69.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 53.0 62.2 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 11.5 12.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 6.1 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.9 56.3 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.9 12.6 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 37 Benin Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.6 8.9 796 Labor force (millions) 3.0 3.6 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 0.7 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 570 780 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.9 4.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.2 .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.4 .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.5 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.4 .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.4 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.5 14.1 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.1 27.7 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 175 Time to start a business (days) 31 29 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 36.0 36.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 75.8 66.0 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.5 20.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 21.2 26.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.3 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 71.7 86.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 2.7 7.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 707 794 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 1.7 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 25.8 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.2 15.9 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.6 –1.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 16.5 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.7 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.6 23.1 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.5 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 77 91 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 13.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.8 79.9 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.3 3.1 5.6 38 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bermuda High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.3 0.3 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.8 0.8 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 10.4 7.8 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 88.7 91.4 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 26.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.6 36.1 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 3.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 82.9 136.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 66.0 84.7 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 39 Bhutan South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.66 0.73 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.36 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.1 4.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,070 1,870 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.3 8.8 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.2 18.7 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.3 43.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.4 8.4 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.5 38.1 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.3 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.1 45.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.1 64.7 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.8 72.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 142 Time to start a business (days) 62 36 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 10.0 10.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.8 40.8 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 36.3 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.0 0.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 16.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 2.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 64.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 219 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 49.9 41.3 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 39.8 29.8 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.0 0.5 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 79.5 56.8 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 19.2 37.8 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.6 69.3 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 9.3 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 5.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.2 43.3 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.5 .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 62.0 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.5 54.3 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.8 13.6 13.5 40 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.1 9.9 2,519 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.6 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,030 1,810 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.1 4.7 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.4 12.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.0 37.3 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 13.9 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.6 49.9 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.4 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.1 7.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 41.2 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.1 34.3 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 153 Time to start a business (days) 50 50 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 15 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) ..a ..a 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 80.0 80.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.5 2.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.3 0.4 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 13.5 28.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 19.6 3.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 22.2 27.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.2 21.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 13.8 22.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,422 422 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –2.5 3.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 16.6 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.1 7.1 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.7 .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 43.6 38.6 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.4 44.7 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.3 8.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.3 2.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.0 40.3 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 10.1 1.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 8.9 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.9 7.9 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 477 558 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.8 3.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.5 72.3 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.2 20.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 41 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 3.8 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 31.8 27.2 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,000 4,770 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.0 3.2 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 7.6 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.1 28.0 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.3 13.7 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.4 64.4 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.1 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.6 1.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.7 35.9 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.9 56.7 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 125 Time to start a business (days) 63 40 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 31.0 31.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 44.1 25.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.1 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 1.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.6 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.1 11.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 67.6 1.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 38.1 59.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.8 50.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.4 30.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 2,011 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.6 1.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 17.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.7 10.8 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.1 –2.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 37.9 48.5 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.2 40.8 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.4 17.6 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.3 11.4 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.9 64.1 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 7.3 6.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 4.7 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 52.3 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,380 2,867 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 42.2 82.7 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.3 52.0 34.1 42 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.9 2.0 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.92 1.0 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 17.6 .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,070 6,740 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.8 2.4 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 2.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 50.6 45.1 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.7 4.0 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.6 52.4 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.6 6.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.1 6.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.2 32.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.5 39.7 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 54 Time to start a business (days) 108 61 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 90.0 90.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.2 1.7 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 17.2 19.4 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.0 10.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.5 8.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.3 32.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 25.5 39.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.7 21.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 104 243 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.8 1.8 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.5 26.3 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 13.1 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 19.8 24.0 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.5 39.8 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.1 23.4 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.8 –2.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 5.9 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 32.6 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,421 1,503 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.7 4.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.1 117.8 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.3 6.0 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 43 Brazil Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 186.0 194.9 2,452 Labor force (millions) 94.5 101.6 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 8.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,960 9,390 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.8 4.2 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.7 5.8 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.3 26.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.1 15.8 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.0 67.4 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.9 5.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.4 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.1 11.2 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.5 12.1 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 126 Time to start a business (days) 152 119 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 46.0 46.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 10.0 4.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 69.1 67.1 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.4 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 243.6 315.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.9 2.4 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.2 18.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 16.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 27.8 48.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 36.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 25.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 71,479 117,997 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 2.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 18.4 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.4 15.7 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.6 –3.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 55.8 61.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 73.6 89.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 51.3 63.6 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 11.1 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 3.1 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.4 56.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 44.9 30.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 37.8 31.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,020 2,206 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.4 104.1 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.0 40.7 34.1 44 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Brunei Darussalam High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.36 0.40 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.18 0.20 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,210 31,800 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.2 0.0 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.9 0.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 71.6 74.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.3 13.7 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 27.5 25.3 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.2 0.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.2 78.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.3 27.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 83 Time to start a business (days) 116 101 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 18 15 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 37.4 16.8 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.3 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 3.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 13.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 12.3 26.5 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.9 69.7 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 40.3 44.5 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –11.2 35.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.5 5.0 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.4 81.1 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,672 8,662 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.1 109.0 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 36.5 50.0 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 45 Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.7 7.5 2,452 Labor force (millions) 3.4 3.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.1 10.2 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,640 6,280 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.5 2.6 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.1 5.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.0 31.4 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.3 16.2 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.9 63.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.0 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.6 1.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.5 57.8 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.6 59.7 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 59 Time to start a business (days) 32 18 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 9.0 9.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 46.0 28.1 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.3 35.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.7 7.2 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.0 10.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 42.6 6.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 37.7 34.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 22.1 44.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.1 19.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 5,587 5,202 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 14.9 4.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 23.5 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 18.7 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 3.2 –0.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.9 78.3 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.5 60.6 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 10.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.2 11.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 41.0 74.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 1.2 8.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.6 7.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 98.4 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,122 4,401 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.9 3.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 80.7 135.4 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 20.0 46.0 34.1 46 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 14.2 16.5 796 Labor force (millions) 6.4 7.5 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.7 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 550 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.1 5.0 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.1 .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.7 .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.6 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.2 .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.4 –0.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.0 .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 150 Time to start a business (days) 40 13 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 3 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 34.0 34.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 47.6 43.6 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.5 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.5 22.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 19.5 6.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 23.1 25.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 19.6 23.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.4 14.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 42 980 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 0.4 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.1 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –5.4 –5.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 16.6 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.6 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.6 17.6 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 4.2 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 10.1 10.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.5 34.7 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 1.4 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 47 Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.3 8.4 796 Labor force (millions) 3.5 4.3 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 100 170 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.2 4.1 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.8 .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.0 .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.1 .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 13.5 6.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,081.6 1,230.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.4 .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.3 .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 169 Time to start a business (days) 14 14 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 26.0 26.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 278.7 46.2 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 37.4 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 22.6 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 12.3 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 24.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.1 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 54 .. 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 0.0 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.7 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 19.2 27.9 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.0 31.6 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.3 25.5 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 1.6 4.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.4 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 12.0 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.1 13.7 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 2.1 5.6 48 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cambodia East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.4 14.1 796 Labor force (millions) 6.9 8.0 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 1.7 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 750 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 9.1 6.4 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.4 36.0 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.4 23.3 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.8 15.6 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.2 40.7 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.3 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4,092.5 4,184.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.1 54.1 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.7 59.5 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 138 Time to start a business (days) 86 85 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 39.0 39.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 6.0 6.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 22.6 22.5 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.9 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.5 2.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.6 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 60.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.3 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 2.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 343 2,939 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 7.0 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 16.2 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 9.7 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.0 –3.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 8.7 27.1 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.3 35.7 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.0 27.6 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.3 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 57 131 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 27.0 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.0 57.6 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 1.3 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 49 Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 17.6 19.6 2,519 Labor force (millions) 7.1 8.2 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 930 1,200 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.8 2.9 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.5 .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.4 .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.7 .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.1 .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.0 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.5 28.9 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.5 32.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 161 Time to start a business (days) 45 15 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 33.0 33.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.2 3.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 50.9 49.1 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 29.9 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 12.8 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 65.4 30.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.5 31.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 78.9 17.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.4 20.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 486 1,842 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 0.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.2 12.6 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 10.8 10.0 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.1 15.1 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.7 11.9 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 14.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.7 .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 17.4 17.0 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 188 271 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 12.7 10.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.8 44.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.4 4.0 13.5 50 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Canada High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 32.3 34.1 1,127 Labor force (millions) 17.8 19.0 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.8 8.0 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 33,110 43,250 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.5 0.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.4 .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.0 .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.2 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.2 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.8 29.4 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.1 31.3 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 13 Time to start a business (days) 3 5 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 2 1 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 28.0 28.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 0.8 0.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.1 28.8 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.3 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 160.0 174.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 7.2 7.6 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.3 1.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 22.1 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.8 –2.0 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 47.0 52.6 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 148.6 176.7 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 149.5 123.0 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.6 4.7 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.5 1.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 178.2 128.2 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 1.1 –0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.6 2.6 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.9 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 17,319 15,471 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 52.7 70.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 71.6 81.3 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 51 Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.47 0.50 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.19 0.22 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,080 3,270 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.2 6.6 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.0 10.3 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.7 16.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.3 73.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.4 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 88.7 83.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.8 39.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.6 67.3 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 119 Time to start a business (days) 52 11 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 91.0 93.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 53.1 37.8 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.6 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 12.2 3.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 10.4 1.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 26.3 35.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.8 30.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.2 15.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 44 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.3 6.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.8 47.1 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 28.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.9 –3.7 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 59.9 .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 72.6 .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.1 62.5 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 13.9 7.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.9 7.9 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 12.5 4.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.3 75.0 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.1 30.0 13.5 52 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cayman Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.06 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 4.0 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 154.9 177.6 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 38.0 66.0 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 53 Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.0 4.4 796 Labor force (millions) 1.8 2.1 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 470 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –1.6 2.8 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 54.4 56.5 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.1 14.8 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.4 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.4 28.7 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.9 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12.6 14.6 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.4 22.7 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 182 Time to start a business (days) 22 21 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 22.0 22.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.8 4.8 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 65.7 54.6 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 31 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 3.6 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.9 10.8 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.9 7.0 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.5 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 8.5 8.0 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.1 8.0 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.8 8.7 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 13.5 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.7 .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 22.3 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 2.3 5.6 54 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Chad Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.8 11.2 796 Labor force (millions) 3.8 4.4 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 430 620 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 17.2 0.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.3 13.6 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 60.4 48.8 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.3 6.6 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 27.3 37.5 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.9 10.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.0 43.9 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.8 68.7 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 183 Time to start a business (days) 75 66 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 36.0 36.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 63.7 65.4 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 31.3 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 20.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 21.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 10.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 43.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 11 591 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –1.9 10.3 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.7 35.8 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.9 25.6 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 4.7 7.0 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.0 5.9 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.2 5.7 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 15.1 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.7 .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 22.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.1 23.8 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.4 1.7 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 55 Channel Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.15 0.15 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 57,380 .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –1.2 .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 73.4 56 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Chile Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.3 17.1 2,452 Labor force (millions) 6.8 8.0 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.0 8.1 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,920 10,120 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.2 3.0 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.6 3.2 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 43.4 42.9 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.3 11.5 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.0 53.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 559.8 510.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.3 38.7 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.8 31.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 39 Time to start a business (days) 27 7 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 52.0 52.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.6 4.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 25.7 25.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.0 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 22.7 23.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.1 2.1 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.0 9.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 7.6 0.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 29.1 44.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 22.9 21.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.0 22.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 8,980 4,840 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.9 7.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 20.0 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.6 –0.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 64.5 71.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.1 53.4 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.9 8.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.9 2.7 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 80.3 86.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –0.8 –8.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.7 3.0 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.0 22.5 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,073 3,283 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.7 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.8 116.0 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 31.2 45.0 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 57 China East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,303.7 1,338.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 767.1 799.8 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 4.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,740 4,270 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 9.8 11.1 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.1 10.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 47.4 46.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 32.5 29.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.5 43.1 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.8 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.2 6.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 29.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.6 25.7 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 91 Time to start a business (days) 48 38 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 14 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 91.0 91.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.4 1.7 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 80.0 63.5 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 5.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 18.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 38.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 28.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.8 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 35.9 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 38,478 27,899 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 3.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 40.1 45.4 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.6 23.7 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.1 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 122.5 140.2 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.4 55.1 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.4 6.1 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.6 1.1 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 113.3 130.0 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 1.6 –0.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.3 3.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 40.8 53.5 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,783 2,631 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.2 64.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.5 34.4 34.1 58 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Colombia Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 43.0 46.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 19.8 22.1 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.3 11.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,940 5,510 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.7 4.4 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.4 7.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.6 36.2 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.3 15.1 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.0 56.7 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.0 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,320.8 1,898.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.0 15.7 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.8 17.9 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 42 Time to start a business (days) 42 14 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 59.0 59.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 1.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 82.1 74.8 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 24.8 31.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 1.1 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 14.3 12.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 1.1 1.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 30.6 35.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 26.4 20.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.9 20.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 3,734 12,195 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.0 2.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 23.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.9 –3.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 53.6 62.7 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 32.2 40.0 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.5 19.7 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.3 14.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.7 2.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.3 43.4 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 5.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 5.7 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 903 1,047 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.0 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 50.8 96.1 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 11.0 36.5 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 59 Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.64 0.74 796 Labor force (millions) 0.21 0.24 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 610 750 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.6 1.3 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 51.0 46.3 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.0 12.1 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.4 4.3 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.0 41.6 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.0 –0.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 395.6 371.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.1 14.7 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.8 48.2 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 157 Time to start a business (days) 24 24 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 100.0 100.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 217.9 217.9 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 31.4 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 0.5 .. 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 1.7 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.3 12.4 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.8 7.7 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 8.7 19.7 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.2 25.8 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.5 19.1 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 6.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 8.8 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.4 22.5 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.2 5.1 5.6 60 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Congo, Dem. Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 57.4 66.0 796 Labor force (millions) 21.5 25.3 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 120 180 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.4 5.4 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 45.5 42.9 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.9 24.0 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.6 5.5 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 27.5 33.0 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 21.3 17.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 473.9 905.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.5 26.0 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.7 38.8 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 178 Time to start a business (days) 133 65 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 31.0 31.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.2 5.2 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 287.1 339.7 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 58.9 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.3 29.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 64.4 54.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 3.3 6.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.5 48.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 4.3 8.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 473 1,054 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 22.4 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.2 28.7 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 5.8 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.0 3.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 2.4 7.3 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 4.2 11.3 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 1.9 6.6 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 29.5 27.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 32.6 39.7 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 1.8 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 85 104 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 17.5 21.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.8 17.9 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 0.7 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 61 Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.5 4.0 2,519 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.7 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 980 2,240 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.7 4.8 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.5 3.8 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 71.9 75.4 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.0 3.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 23.6 20.8 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.1 5.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.2 85.1 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.5 54.7 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 181 Time to start a business (days) 37 160 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 33.0 33.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 65.4 65.9 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.1 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 37.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 8.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 19.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 62 1,143 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.4 23.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 20.3 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 10.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 19.5 .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 3.0 6.0 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.0 15.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.4 5.5 40.1 Real interest rate (%) –3.0 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.7 .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.1 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 120 146 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 25.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.8 94.0 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.5 5.0 13.5 62 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.3 4.7 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.2 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.6 7.8 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,680 6,810 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.3 4.0 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.7 6.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 26.1 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.7 17.4 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.1 66.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 13.8 5.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 477.8 525.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.5 38.1 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.0 41.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 121 Time to start a business (days) 77 60 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 29.0 29.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.5 3.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 54.8 55.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 30.9 26.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 11.0 8.8 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.6 8.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 0.0 7.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 14.9 22.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 48.6 39.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.5 13.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 545 597 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.3 4.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 19.6 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 20.1 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. –3.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 43.4 52.8 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.3 23.1 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.4 14.4 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.4 1.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.6 45.9 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 12.7 8.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.5 11.8 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 25.2 26.0 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,726 1,813 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 25.6 65.1 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 22.1 36.5 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 63 Côte d’Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.0 19.7 2,519 Labor force (millions) 7.0 7.8 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 870 1,160 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –0.2 2.4 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.8 22.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.9 27.4 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 19.2 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.3 49.7 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.9 1.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 40.9 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 36.3 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 167 Time to start a business (days) 45 32 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 49.0 49.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.2 2.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 48.4 44.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.8 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 1.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 13.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 13.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 4.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 311 1,204 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 1.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.7 13.9 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.0 9.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –6.7 0.9 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 96.4 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 15.9 .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.3 .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.8 18.1 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.1 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 175 203 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.0 76.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 2.6 13.5 64 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Croatia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.4 4.4 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.0 2.0 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.6 11.8 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,730 13,890 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.6 0.8 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 5.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.5 27.3 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 18.0 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.4 67.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.3 1.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.9 5.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.3 38.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.7 38.8 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 80 Time to start a business (days) 29 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 39.0 39.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.1 3.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 32.5 32.3 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.5 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.2 7.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.7 2.6 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.0 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 20.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 45.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.4 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,963 3,612 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 0.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 21.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 19.5 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.4 –4.3 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 63.8 83.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.8 65.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.0 13.9 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.2 11.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 52.6 70.1 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 7.6 9.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.5 8.6 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 89.1 90.5 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,476 3,712 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 82.2 144.0 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 33.1 60.1 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 65 Cuba Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.3 11.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 4.8 5.3 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.9 1.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,960 17,030 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.6 5.0 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.6 5.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.4 20.5 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.5 10.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.0 74.5 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.0 19.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.3 19.0 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 38 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 776 60 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.0 9.9 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 83.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,156 1,348 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.2 8.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.7 15.9 34.1 66 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Curaçao High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.13 0.14 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 67 Cyprus High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.0 1.1 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.52 0.58 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.3 6.2 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,490 29,430 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.1 2.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 2.1 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.5 19.6 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 7.6 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 77.7 78.3 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.6 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.3 40.1 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.9 46.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 40 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 64.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. 23.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 14.5 16.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 20.0 20.3 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.8 8.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 18.4 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 5.9 –5.9 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 180.6 97.3 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 189.8 310.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 176.9 261.1 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 5.9 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 5.6 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 209.9 283.6 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.3 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.6 64.9 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,080 4,620 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 75.8 93.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 32.8 53.0 73.4 68 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Czech Republic High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.2 10.5 1,127 Labor force (millions) 5.2 5.3 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 7.3 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,330 17,890 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.6 2.3 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.0 2.4 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.9 37.6 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 26.3 24.5 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.1 60.0 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.8 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 24.0 19.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.2 79.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.0 74.5 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 64 Time to start a business (days) 40 20 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 9 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 22.0 22.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 9.2 3.2 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.6 49.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.5 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 14.1 21.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.9 3.0 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.9 10.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 36.0 0.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 20.8 33.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.4 50.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 15.9 43.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.3 3.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.9 21.3 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.7 –4.9 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 23.0 36.2 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 48.5 66.0 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 49.9 62.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.4 6.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.9 6.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 37.0 56.2 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 6.1 7.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 4.8 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,342 6,114 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 115.0 136.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 35.2 68.6 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 69 Denmark High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 5.5 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.9 2.9 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.8 7.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 48,590 59,400 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.2 –0.6 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.4 1.2 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.5 21.9 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 12.2 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 73.1 76.9 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.8 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 5.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.0 50.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 45.1 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 5 Time to start a business (days) 6 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 34.7 27.5 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 21.1 16.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.9 4.6 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.0 –2.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 17.2 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 5.4 –2.1 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 36.7 40.8 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 181.0 225.3 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.0 55.9 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.7 5.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.4 4.1 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 171.8 223.5 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.7 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,659 6,246 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 100.5 124.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 82.7 88.8 73.4 70 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Dijbouti Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.81 0.89 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.25 0.29 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 59.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 990 1,270 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.0 5.2 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.6 .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.6 .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 79.9 .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.1 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 177.7 177.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.6 .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.9 .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 170 Time to start a business (days) 37 37 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 56.0 56.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 38.7 38.7 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.7 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 180 396 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.1 9.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.7 .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 22.0 32.5 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.0 78.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.1 29.3 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.8 9.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.3 9.3 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.4 18.6 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 6.5 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 71 Dominica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.07 0.07 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,210 6,740 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.1 3.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.7 13.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.5 15.1 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.8 3.5 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.9 71.5 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 3.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.7 32.1 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.3 55.0 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 65 Time to start a business (days) 14 14 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 58.0 58.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 37.3 37.5 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.2 0.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.5 3.3 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 5 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 5.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 22.6 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 54.0 54.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 73.3 83.0 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 48.1 56.2 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 10.8 9.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.8 6.2 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 75.4 155.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 38.5 47.3 34.1 72 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.3 9.9 2,452 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.4 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 18.0 14.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,900 5,030 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.1 6.7 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.5 6.2 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.1 32.0 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.9 24.1 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.5 61.7 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.2 6.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 30.4 36.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.0 22.3 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 34.0 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 108 Time to start a business (days) 74 19 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 88.0 88.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.5 3.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 36.2 41.7 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.3 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 12.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 2.1 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 8.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 17.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 12.5 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 30.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.6 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 2,599 1,169 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 3.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.4 16.3 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 0.0 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.5 –3.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 21.0 23.6 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.4 20.3 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 9.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.9 2.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.3 22.7 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 20.9 6.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.2 7.3 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,276 1,358 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 39.1 89.6 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 11.5 39.5 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 73 Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.4 14.5 2,452 Labor force (millions) 6.4 6.9 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 6.5 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,620 3,850 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.6 3.6 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.0 7.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.8 38.1 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.4 9.9 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.1 54.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 3.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 25,000.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.9 32.9 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.0 38.6 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 130 Time to start a business (days) 69 56 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 135.0 135.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.3 5.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 35.3 35.3 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.4 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 17.3 22.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 11.3 0.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.0 17.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 23.3 10.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.2 9.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,865 2,898 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 0.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.1 25.2 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.2 12.1 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.4 8.9 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.9 3.5 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.3 30.8 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 2.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.8 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 780 1,115 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.5 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.5 102.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.0 29.0 34.1 74 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 74.2 81.1 2,519 Labor force (millions) 23.9 27.1 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.2 9.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,250 2,420 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.4 6.2 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.9 14.0 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.9 37.5 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 15.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.2 48.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.9 11.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.8 5.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.3 21.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.6 26.1 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 110 Time to start a business (days) 22 7 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 132.0 132.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.2 4.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 54.3 43.6 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.9 6.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 8.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 23.8 5.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.5 5.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 133.9 77.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.0 21.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 4,971 13,291 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.0 2.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 18.6 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.6 12.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –6.4 –7.7 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 85.8 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 74.0 59.6 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 88.4 68.8 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.1 6.2 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 26.5 11.0 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.2 33.1 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.5 0.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 4.8 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 81.0 89.4 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,284 1,549 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 8.7 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 18.4 87.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 11.7 26.7 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 75 El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.1 6.2 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.6 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 7.3 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,820 3,380 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.3 1.2 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.6 12.7 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.9 27.0 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.1 20.6 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 60.3 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.7 1.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.8 8.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 26.2 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.2 43.6 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 112 Time to start a business (days) 40 17 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 86.0 86.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 34.8 35.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.5 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.6 4.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 1.2 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.2 19.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 0.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 17.3 31.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 22.1 28.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.0 14.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,196 1,054 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 0.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.3 13.3 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.9 11.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –4.4 –2.7 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 48.3 50.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 5.2 5.0 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 4.4 5.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.1 13.9 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.9 3.9 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 42.8 41.0 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 747 845 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.3 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 39.9 124.3 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.2 15.9 13.5 76 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Equatorial Guinea High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.61 0.70 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.37 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,220 14,550 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 25.9 8.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.6 3.2 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 94.4 92.6 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.2 13.6 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 3.0 4.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.6 6.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 87.4 69.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 57.8 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 155 Time to start a business (days) 137 137 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 20 21 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 133.0 133.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 46.0 46.0 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.4 5.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 37.6 60.2 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 27.4 17.2 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 2.6 9.0 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.8 12.1 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.1 7.7 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –17.5 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.7 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.9 57.0 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 6.0 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 77 Eritrea Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.5 5.3 796 Labor force (millions) 2.2 2.6 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 340 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.9 –1.3 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.2 14.5 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.9 22.4 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.3 5.7 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.9 63.0 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 15.4 15.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 6.2 4.5 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.9 20.4 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 180 Time to start a business (days) 76 84 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 69.0 69.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 84.5 84.5 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.8 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 0.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 40 .. 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –0.1 2.6 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.9 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.6 16.0 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 54 51 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.9 3.5 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 5.4 5.6 78 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Estonia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.3 1.3 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.67 0.70 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 16.9 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,760 14,460 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.0 –1.3 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 2.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.6 29.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.2 16.7 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.9 68.0 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.1 3.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.6 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.7 78.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.2 71.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 24 Time to start a business (days) 35 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 35.0 35.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 51.1 58.6 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 6.2 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.9 .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.1 5.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 13.7 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 25.0 41.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.2 207.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.9 21.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 21.2 8.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 32.1 18.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 28.7 1.3 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.0 –1.3 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 5.9 9.0 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 71.3 100.7 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.8 57.0 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.7 9.3 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.2 5.4 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 69.7 97.2 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –0.5 6.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.8 6.7 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 22.7 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,567 5,950 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 107.4 123.3 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 61.4 74.2 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 79 Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 74.3 83.0 796 Labor force (millions) 34.9 40.8 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 20.5 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 160 390 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.6 10.4 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 46.7 47.7 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.0 14.3 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.8 5.2 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.3 38.0 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.6 8.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.7 14.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.1 11.4 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 32.5 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 111 Time to start a business (days) 32 9 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 40.0 40.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 31.1 31.1 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.8 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.8 1.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.4 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 44.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 4.2 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 4 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.2 1.0 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 21.5 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.3 5.0 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –4.5 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 29.0 23.8 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.5 27.1 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.0 17.8 29.7 Real interest rate (%) –2.6 –17.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 3.3 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.0 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 34 46 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 5.0 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.6 8.3 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 0.7 5.6 80 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Faeroe Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.2 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 5.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 87.1 122.0 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 67.9 75.2 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 81 Fiji East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.82 0.86 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.34 0.36 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.6 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,590 3,630 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.6 0.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.1 12.1 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.2 19.7 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 15.0 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.8 68.2 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 5.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.9 52.5 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.1 64.4 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 77 Time to start a business (days) 46 45 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 2.0 22.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 41.5 38.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 4.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 19.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 50 140 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 6.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 20.7 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 18.1 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.3 .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 50.2 .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.5 .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 44.4 52.4 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 0.0 –0.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 2.1 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.9 81.2 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.5 14.8 13.5 82 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Finland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 5.4 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.6 2.7 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.4 8.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,550 47,570 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.6 0.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 2.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.4 29.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.4 18.9 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.8 68.1 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.9 1.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.8 40.4 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.7 39.1 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 11 Time to start a business (days) 14 14 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 3 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 26.0 26.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 0.9 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.5 39.0 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.7 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 9.0 11.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.6 3.4 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 3.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 18.9 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 3.3 4.6 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 44.0 36.0 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 77.5 100.3 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 49.7 63.8 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.2 5.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.3 0.6 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 75.1 95.2 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 3.2 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.7 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 65.0 65.5 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 16,120 15,242 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 100.5 156.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 74.5 86.9 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 83 France High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 63.0 64.9 1,127 Labor force (millions) 28.8 29.9 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.9 9.3 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,890 42,370 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.5 0.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 1.8 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.8 19.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.3 10.7 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.9 79.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.4 25.5 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.0 27.8 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 29 Time to start a business (days) 7 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 32.0 32.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.9 1.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 66.0 65.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.2 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 117.3 128.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.9 3.1 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 1.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 19.3 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.8 –7.3 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 72.6 83.5 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 108.7 132.2 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 69.1 82.0 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.4 4.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 4.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 92.7 114.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.4 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,677 7,488 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.3 97.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 41.5 77.5 73.4 84 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development French Polynesia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.25 0.27 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.11 0.12 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.7 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 96.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 47.1 79.7 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.5 49.0 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 85 Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.5 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.51 0.59 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,110 7,650 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.6 2.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.9 4.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 61.4 59.7 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.1 3.5 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.8 36.2 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.7 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.7 61.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.7 36.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 156 Time to start a business (days) 58 58 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 43.0 43.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 45.1 43.5 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.4 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.6 3.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.4 4.3 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 22.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 34.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 204 408 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 1.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 26.7 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.1 17.4 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 10.3 11.3 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.7 16.4 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.1 11.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 14.1 9.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.3 8.2 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 0.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.7 .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.2 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 934 922 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 7.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 53.7 107.0 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.9 7.2 34.1 86 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.5 1.7 796 Labor force (millions) 0.64 0.75 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 450 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.2 4.9 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.1 26.9 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.3 15.7 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.0 5.0 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.6 57.3 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.8 5.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 28.6 28.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.0 29.3 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.8 48.7 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 149 Time to start a business (days) 27 27 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 9.0 26.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 286.3 283.5 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.1 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 13.6 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 7.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 63.9 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.2 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 7 35 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.6 4.6 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.9 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 21.0 26.7 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 28.7 35.1 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.0 19.1 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 22.2 17.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.6 12.4 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.3 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 23.7 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.5 85.5 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.8 9.2 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 87 Georgia Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.4 4.5 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.4 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.8 16.5 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,360 2,690 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.5 4.6 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.7 8.4 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.8 23.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.7 12.9 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.5 68.4 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.2 7.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.7 34.8 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.6 52.3 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 16 Time to start a business (days) 21 2 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 2 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 57.0 16.5 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.3 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.0 7.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.3 2.3 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.9 2.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 39.8 8.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 40.0 38.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 1.8 11.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.5 16.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 241 2,364 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.1 7.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.1 17.3 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 9.1 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.5 –4.4 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 40.9 36.7 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 15.1 33.6 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.5 23.3 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 18.8 16.9 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.2 12.5 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.8 32.4 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 12.7 14.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.1 15.0 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 94.1 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,715 1,585 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.9 89.4 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.2 26.3 13.5 88 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Germany High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 82.5 81.8 1,127 Labor force (millions) 41.4 42.2 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.1 7.1 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,780 43,070 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.5 0.8 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.9 0.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.4 28.2 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.9 20.9 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.7 71.0 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 1.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.3 46.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.1 41.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 19 Time to start a business (days) 24 15 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 69.0 69.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.2 1.2 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.2 46.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 19.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 66.7 64.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.2 1.2 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.8 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 45.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 3.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 1.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 17.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.3 –2.2 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 44.6 47.6 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 137.2 132.1 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 100.8 117.2 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.1 4.3 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.0 3.3 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 112.6 107.8 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 8.1 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.0 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,113 6,779 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 96.1 127.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 68.8 82.5 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 89 Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 21.6 24.4 2,519 Labor force (millions) 9.1 10.4 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.6 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 1,250 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.1 6.6 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 40.9 29.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.5 18.6 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.5 6.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.6 51.4 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 15.1 10.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.9 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.4 29.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.7 41.1 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 63 Time to start a business (days) 18 12 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 178.0 178.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.9 1.9 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.1 33.6 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.4 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.3 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 18.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 16.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 24.4 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 756 3,306 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 7.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.0 21.7 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.0 17.8 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.4 –5.6 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 18.5 24.2 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.7 22.8 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.2 7.9 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 13.0 17.6 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.5 15.2 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.9 12.6 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 247 265 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 9.7 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 71.5 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 9.5 13.5 90 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Gibraltar High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.03 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 0.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,987 5,947 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 68.8 102.6 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 39.1 65.0 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 91 Greece High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.1 11.3 1,127 Labor force (millions) 5.1 5.3 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.9 12.5 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,400 26,950 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.2 0.1 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.4 18.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.5 4.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.2 21.5 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 30.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 100 Time to start a business (days) 38 10 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 10 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 24.0 24.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 54.6 46.4 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.4 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 5.2 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.7 .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 55.9 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 25.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.0 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.7 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 0.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 16.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –5.3 –15.6 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 134.5 142.0 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 99.8 139.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 83.8 94.1 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.9 6.9 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.3 10.4 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 79.6 115.9 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.3 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,242 5,540 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 92.4 108.6 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 24.2 44.6 73.4 92 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Greenland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 29,690 26,020 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.7 1.5 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 5.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 81.6 101.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 58.0 63.8 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 93 Grenada Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.10 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,570 6,960 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.1 –0.7 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.4 5.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.5 14.2 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.4 4.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.1 80.4 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.5 3.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.6 21.0 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.8 49.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 73 Time to start a business (days) 20 15 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 29.0 29.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 45.3 45.3 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.6 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 1.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 22.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 32.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 19 24 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 10.1 7.8 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 40.0 23.6 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 77.3 113.6 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 100.7 115.4 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.8 83.7 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.0 7.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.2 7.5 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 45.6 117.3 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 20.5 33.6 34.1 94 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Guam High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.17 0.18 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.07 0.08 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.4 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 59.1 .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 38.6 50.6 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 95 Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.7 14.4 2,519 Labor force (millions) 4.7 5.7 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,070 2,740 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.1 3.6 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.4 12.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.3 19.5 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.2 19.5 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.3 67.6 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.1 3.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.6 8.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.1 25.1 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.0 36.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 97 Time to start a business (days) 39 37 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 101.0 101.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 38.7 40.9 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.9 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.2 5.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.7 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.2 10.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 3.8 3.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 12.8 26.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 35.3 17.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.0 11.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 670 2,753 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 2.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 15.3 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.7 –3.1 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 21.3 23.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 32.1 35.5 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.9 39.3 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 10.3 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.2 2.1 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.1 23.4 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.0 8.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.7 7.9 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 477 548 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.0 3.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 35.5 125.6 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.7 10.5 13.5 96 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.0 10.0 796 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.1 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 360 400 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.6 2.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.2 13.0 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.9 47.4 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.1 4.8 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 36.9 39.6 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 31.4 15.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,644.3 5,726.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.8 35.0 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.1 39.4 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 179 Time to start a business (days) 40 40 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 26.0 26.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.8 3.8 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.9 54.3 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.9 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 57.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 0.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 16.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.2 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 51 472 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 2.2 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.6 20.1 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 15.7 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 8.2 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.0 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.7 .. 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.8 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 33.9 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.1 40.1 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 1.0 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 97 Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.5 796 Labor force (millions) 0.57 0.65 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 590 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –0.9 3.0 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 57.3 .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.1 .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.6 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 29.6 .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.3 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.8 .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.2 .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 176 Time to start a business (days) 259 9 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 87.0 87.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 54.3 45.9 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.9 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 22.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 0.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.4 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 10 107 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 1.0 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.6 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 0.7 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 2.1 7.1 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.9 9.4 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 1.1 6.2 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 27.9 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 9.2 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.2 39.2 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.9 2.5 5.6 98 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Guyana Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.75 0.76 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.28 0.30 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,090 2,870 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.8 4.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.6 20.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.0 32.7 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.7 4.1 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.4 46.4 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.9 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 199.9 203.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.6 .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 119.2 .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 114 Time to start a business (days) 46 26 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 56.0 56.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 39.3 36.1 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.8 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.3 11.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 5.4 4.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 32.6 34.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 93.4 36.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.8 29.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 89 26 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.3 12.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 26.7 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 12.4 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 65.9 45.1 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 84.6 56.3 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.1 37.8 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.2 8.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.0 12.3 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 10.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 37.7 73.6 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 29.9 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 99 Haiti Latin America & Caribbean Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.3 10.0 796 Labor force (millions) 3.7 4.2 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 670 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –0.7 1.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 15.7 5.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 40.4 39.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.0 12.1 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.9 57.3 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 174 Time to start a business (days) 202 105 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.7 5.7 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.8 40.8 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.1 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 24 307 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 2.2 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 19.0 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.5 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.5 14.0 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 19.9 11.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 36.8 16.7 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 37 36 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.4 40.0 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.4 8.4 5.6 100 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Honduras Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.9 7.6 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.5 3.0 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,400 1,870 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.7 3.3 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.7 12.5 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.7 26.5 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.9 18.4 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.6 60.9 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.8 4.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 18.8 18.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.0 43.9 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.5 64.6 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 128 Time to start a business (days) 62 14 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 74.0 95.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.8 3.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 44.5 44.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.7 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.6 17.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 6.1 2.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.5 17.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.6 23.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.5 16.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 822 1,251 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 5.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.9 23.4 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 19.5 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.8 –3.1 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 39.2 49.4 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.6 46.5 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.1 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.3 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.4 50.2 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 10.8 12.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.9 9.0 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 619 678 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.9 3.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 18.6 125.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.5 11.1 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 101 Hong Kong SAR, China High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.8 7.1 1,127 Labor force (millions) 3.6 3.7 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 5.2 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 28,150 32,780 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.2 3.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.1 0.1 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 9.1 7.4 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.4 1.8 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 90.9 92.6 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.9 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.8 7.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 198.7 223.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 186.3 217.3 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 2 Time to start a business (days) 11 3 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 10.0 10.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.1 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 24.4 23.0 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.6 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 65.8 101.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 13.0 19.2 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 18.9 31.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 21.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.4 1.1 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 32.3 34.0 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 164.6 233.4 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 246.8 319.4 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.3 12.3 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.4 0.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 146.2 189.0 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 7.8 4.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 5.0 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,878 5,925 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 125.4 195.2 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 56.9 71.8 73.4 102 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Hungary High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.1 10.0 1,127 Labor force (millions) 4.3 4.3 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 11.2 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,220 12,860 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.2 –0.6 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.2 3.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.0 31.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.2 23.2 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 65.4 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.6 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 199.6 207.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.9 86.5 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.1 80.0 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 51 Time to start a business (days) 38 4 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 35.0 35.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 56.6 52.4 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 22.3 43.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.2 6.3 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.0 13.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 24.2 0.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 32.8 48.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.8 48.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 27.4 39.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 9,322 4,818 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.9 –32.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 18.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –7.4 –4.1 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 68.9 83.2 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 62.4 84.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.3 45.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.2 9.8 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.3 9.7 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.2 72.6 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.9 4.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.4 2.7 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 38.0 38.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,771 3,773 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 92.4 120.1 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 39.0 65.2 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 103 Iceland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.30 0.32 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.17 0.19 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.6 7.6 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 49,620 32,640 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.0 0.1 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.3 7.2 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.4 25.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.5 15.1 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.3 67.7 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 5.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 63.0 122.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.7 56.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.0 46.0 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 9 Time to start a business (days) 5 5 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 13.0 13.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 27.5 31.8 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.4 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.9 2.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 15.0 12.8 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 19.2 2.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.3 13.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.8 –9.2 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 39.4 111.5 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 248.6 157.7 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 68.0 90.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 14.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.1 39.9 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 247.9 107.5 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 11.6 3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.2 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 35.4 38.4 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 27,988 51,259 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 95.4 107.3 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 87.0 95.6 73.4 104 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development India South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,140.0 1,224.6 2,519 Labor force (millions) 467.3 472.6 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 720 1,270 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.0 8.2 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.8 19.0 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.1 26.3 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 14.2 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.0 54.7 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.2 12.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.1 45.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.3 21.5 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.0 24.8 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 132 Time to start a business (days) 71 29 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 56.0 56.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 10.0 7.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 65.5 61.8 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.7 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 38.1 84.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 52.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 46.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 29.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.5 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 33,742 182,341 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 1.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.3 29.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 20.8 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.2 –3.7 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 61.2 46.1 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 58.3 69.4 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.7 65.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.4 7.1 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.2 2.4 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.4 49.0 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.3 4.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 47.0 49.5 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 456 571 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.9 61.4 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.4 7.5 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 105 Indonesia East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 227.3 239.9 2,519 Labor force (millions) 109.3 118.0 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.2 7.1 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,220 2,500 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.7 5.7 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.1 15.3 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 46.5 47.0 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.4 24.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.3 37.6 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.5 5.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 9,704.7 9,090.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.1 24.6 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.9 23.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 129 Time to start a business (days) 151 45 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 108.0 108.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.5 5.5 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 37.3 34.5 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.7 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 23.3 29.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.0 1.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 11.2 14.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 34.0 11.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.6 15.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.1 2.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 8,042 18,841 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 1.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.6 32.2 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.1 –0.6 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 47.3 26.1 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 36.3 32.4 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 38.8 34.2 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 11.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.4 2.6 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.4 29.1 40.1 Real interest rate (%) –0.2 4.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 6.2 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 55.4 56.9 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 494 590 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.6 91.7 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.6 9.9 13.5 106 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 69.7 74.0 2,452 Labor force (millions) 24.4 25.3 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.1 10.5 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,550 4,520 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.9 4.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.2 .. 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.7 .. 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.7 .. 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.1 .. 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 13.4 10.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8,964.0 10,254.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.1 .. 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.7 .. 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 144 Time to start a business (days) 28 8 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 87.0 87.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.5 4.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 44.2 44.1 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.8 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,345 1,992 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 0.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.0 .. 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 6.0 0.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 29.2 .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.4 .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.0 36.7 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –0.9 11.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.2 0.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 71.0 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,046 2,238 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.2 91.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.1 13.0 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 107 Iraq Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 27.6 32.0 2,519 Labor force (millions) 6.3 7.5 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 18.0 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,150 2,340 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –7.6 4.7 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.6 .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 70.1 .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 1.7 .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 21.3 .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 37.0 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,472.0 1,170.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 164 Time to start a business (days) 77 77 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 24.7 28.4 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.9 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 984 6,067 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 1.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) –4.0 –11.0 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.4 17.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.5 9.1 40.1 Real interest rate (%) –8.5 –8.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 8.3 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 816 1,069 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.6 74.9 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 2.5 13.5 108 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Ireland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.2 4.5 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.1 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 13.5 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 42,380 41,820 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.9 –0.6 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.6 1.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.5 31.9 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.1 24.2 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.9 67.1 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 –0.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.1 101.1 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.4 82.0 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 10 Time to start a business (days) 18 13 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 24.0 18.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 0.4 0.4 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 26.4 26.3 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.9 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 17.2 13.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.4 4.7 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 11.0 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 37.4 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 28.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.2 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –14.9 13.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.6 11.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.4 –14.1 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 32.4 70.5 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 161.6 241.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 89.9 109.0 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.7 4.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.7 8.6 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 159.5 215.0 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –0.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.6 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,242 6,034 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.6 105.1 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 41.6 69.8 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 109 Isle of Man High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.08 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.4 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,610 .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.8 .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 0.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 73.4 110 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Israel High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.9 7.6 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.8 3.2 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 6.6 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,250 27,180 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.1 3.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.3 2.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.5 3.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.6 37.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.9 34.9 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 34 Time to start a business (days) 34 34 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 91.0 91.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.0 31.2 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.8 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 19.1 19.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.6 4.5 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 2.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 16.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –4.5 –4.0 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 100.2 105.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 88.9 91.3 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.6 6.8 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.3 1.4 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 89.7 95.7 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 3.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.2 2.9 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,572 6,608 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 111.9 129.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 24.0 65.4 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 111 Italy High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 58.6 60.5 1,127 Labor force (millions) 24.7 25.1 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 8.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 30,880 35,700 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.9 –0.6 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.2 1.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.7 25.2 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.4 16.7 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.1 72.9 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.0 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.9 26.7 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.9 28.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 87 Time to start a business (days) 13 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 2.0 11.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.2 1.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 77.5 68.5 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.8 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 73.6 68.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.9 1.8 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 0.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 19.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.5 –4.9 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 112.8 118.4 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 103.2 153.1 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.0 90.2 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 9.3 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.3 7.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 89.0 122.0 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 3.4 3.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,669 5,271 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 122.0 149.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 35.0 53.7 73.4 112 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.7 2.7 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.2 1.2 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.9 11.4 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,910 4,800 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.2 –0.2 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.0 6.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 22.4 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.0 9.2 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.7 71.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 15.3 12.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 62.3 87.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.4 25.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.5 43.3 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 88 Time to start a business (days) 8 7 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 62.0 62.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.1 1.1 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 51.3 45.6 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.6 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.6 2.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 1.2 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.3 1.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.9 10.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 37.0 44.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.9 20.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.4 16.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,378 368 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 1.6 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.8 20.4 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 15.9 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.9 –15.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 122.0 115.8 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 45.0 43.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.4 38.9 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.3 .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.8 .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 21.2 24.8 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.9 8.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.9 14.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 73.3 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,478 1,902 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 74.8 117.8 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.0 26.5 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 113 Japan High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 127.8 127.5 1,127 Labor force (millions) 66.6 66.7 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 5.0 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,950 41,850 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.3 –0.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.5 1.4 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.5 26.7 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.6 18.1 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.0 71.9 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) –0.3 –0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 110.2 87.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.3 15.2 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12.9 14.1 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 20 Time to start a business (days) 31 23 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 0.6 0.6 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 53.1 49.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 112.2 105.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.3 1.3 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 0.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.3 20.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 151.3 174.4 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 208.4 217.0 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 192.3 211.1 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.9 4.8 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.8 1.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 188.6 169.3 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.9 3.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.4 1.1 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 79.0 80.1 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,213 7,819 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 75.5 94.7 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 66.2 77.6 73.4 114 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Jordan Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.0 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.6 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.4 12.9 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,490 4,340 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.3 6.0 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.1 2.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.9 30.6 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.2 19.3 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.1 66.5 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.5 5.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.7 44.5 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 94.2 65.9 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 96 Time to start a business (days) 16 12 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.3 4.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 31.1 27.7 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.0 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.8 2.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.7 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 0.9 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 47.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 15.5 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,758 4,270 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.8 6.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 15.3 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.3 11.4 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –5.1 –5.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 80.0 59.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 108.8 99.3 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 116.2 96.7 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.2 10.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.6 7.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 88.1 70.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 2.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 5.5 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,682 2,112 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.6 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 58.0 109.5 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 12.8 38.9 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 115 Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.1 16.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 7.9 8.8 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 6.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,930 7,580 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 10.1 5.7 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.8 4.8 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 40.1 42.4 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.8 13.1 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.1 52.8 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.6 7.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 132.9 147.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.5 44.0 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.7 29.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 47 Time to start a business (days) 25 19 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 9.0 9.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 43.0 28.6 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 30.7 28.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.0 2.6 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.2 4.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 58.7 25.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 33.9 31.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.7 47.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.1 10.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,685 3,798 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.5 7.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.0 24.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.7 19.0 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.6 –1.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 7.0 10.2 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 38.9 48.7 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.4 32.4 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.0 10.9 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 23.8 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.7 39.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.2 88.5 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,012 4,448 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 35.6 118.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.0 33.4 34.1 116 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 35.6 40.5 796 Labor force (millions) 13.2 15.5 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 520 810 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.4 4.3 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.2 25.2 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.1 19.8 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.8 11.4 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.7 55.0 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.3 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 75.6 79.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.5 27.5 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.0 37.9 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 109 Time to start a business (days) 54 33 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 47.0 47.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.5 4.5 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 50.2 49.6 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 33.1 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.3 17.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.4 0.9 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 32.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 22.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 40.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,434 4,307 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 0.6 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 19.9 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.9 14.1 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.5 –5.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 37.4 50.5 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.8 44.8 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.1 13.2 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 25.6 6.3 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.9 33.8 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 7.6 11.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 9.8 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.1 14.3 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 137 147 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 6.9 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.9 61.6 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.1 25.9 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 117 Kiribati East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.09 0.10 2,519 Labor force (millions) .. .. 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,780 2,000 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.3 0.2 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.6 28.6 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 6.9 9.5 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.7 6.2 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.5 61.8 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.4 .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.5 .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 115 Time to start a business (days) 31 31 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 31.8 31.8 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.4 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.4 2.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.7 10.0 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.0 9.0 13.5 118 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Korea, Dem. Rep. East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 23.7 24.3 796 Labor force (millions) 14.0 14.6 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 33 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 474 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 2.8 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 812 733 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 1.8 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.0 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 119 Korea, Rep. High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 48.1 48.9 1,127 Labor force (millions) 23.9 24.6 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.7 3.7 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,900 19,890 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.5 3.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 2.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.7 39.3 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.5 30.6 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.0 58.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.8 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,024.1 1,156.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.3 52.4 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.6 49.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 8 Time to start a business (days) 17 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 91.0 91.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 36.4 29.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 31.9 60.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 1.7 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 0.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 21.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 39.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 3.9 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.6 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 0.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.9 28.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.9 1.7 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 92.1 106.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 64.0 72.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.3 7.6 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.2 1.9 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 87.0 100.8 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 1.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.9 1.7 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.8 79.3 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,804 8,980 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 79.7 103.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 71.8 82.5 73.4 120 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Kosovo Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.8 1.8 2,519 Labor force (millions) .. .. 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 41.4 45.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,460 3,290 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.9 5.3 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.0 12.0 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.0 20.0 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 16.9 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.0 68.0 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) –1.4 3.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.1 19.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.8 62.1 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 117 Time to start a business (days) .. 58 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. 15.4 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.1 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.2 0.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.1 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 9.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 7.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 25.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 76.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 385 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 8.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.6 30.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 18.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 17.1 34.3 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.6 40.4 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 4.4 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.8 37.3 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 15.4 10.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.9 10.9 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 42.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 121 Kuwait High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.3 2.7 1,127 Labor force (millions) 1.2 1.4 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.0 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,650 .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.9 .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.5 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 51.0 .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.3 .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.5 .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.1 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.3 0.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.0 56.4 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.3 28.0 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 67 Time to start a business (days) 35 32 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 12 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 78.0 78.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.2 4.2 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 14.4 15.5 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.7 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 1.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.6 13.9 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 29.1 18.7 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 57.6 91.9 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.0 76.6 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.0 12.6 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.1 8.9 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 58.5 82.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –11.7 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 2.6 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 85.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 17,123 17,610 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 100.6 160.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 25.9 38.3 73.4 122 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Kyrgyz Republic Europe & Central Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 5.4 796 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.5 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 8.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 830 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.1 5.0 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.9 20.7 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.4 28.0 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.4 17.8 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.7 51.3 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.4 8.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 41.0 46.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.7 57.7 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.7 89.2 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 70 Time to start a business (days) 21 10 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 2 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 68.2 69.0 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.2 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.4 4.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.7 1.3 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.1 4.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 83.8 39.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 13.6 17.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.1 25.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.7 16.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 12 130 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 9.5 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 28.1 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.6 20.8 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.7 –5.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 9.1 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.2 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.0 .. 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 18.2 23.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.8 27.4 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,835 1,386 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 5.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.5 96.8 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 10.3 19.6 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 123 Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.8 6.2 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.8 3.2 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 470 1,050 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.2 7.9 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.4 33.0 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.1 30.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.9 7.6 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.5 36.8 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.2 6.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10,655.2 8,258.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.4 36.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.8 40.9 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 165 Time to start a business (days) 153 93 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 162.0 162.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 35.5 33.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.8 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.5 1.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 34.5 26.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 14.1 0.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 58.8 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 3.3 7.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,339 5,422 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 3.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.5 26.1 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.6 14.5 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.2 –0.8 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 9.8 26.4 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.1 32.7 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.4 20.4 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 24.5 12.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.1 19.6 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.4 13.7 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.4 64.6 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 7.0 13.5 124 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latvia Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.3 2.2 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.2 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.9 18.7 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,810 11,640 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.0 –1.8 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.0 4.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.6 21.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.6 12.2 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.5 74.1 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.7 –1.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 0.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.8 53.4 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.2 54.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 21 Time to start a business (days) 16 16 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 37.3 37.9 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.1 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.8 7.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.6 4.6 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.2 9.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 30.0 4.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 27.9 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 23.5 93.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.5 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 858 787 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.4 1.5 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 18.0 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 21.6 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.9 –6.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 49.9 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 72.0 98.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.6 43.8 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 7.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.7 19.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 68.2 103.7 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –3.7 12.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.3 7.7 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 20.9 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,703 2,875 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 81.4 103.0 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 46.1 71.5 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 125 Lebanon Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.1 4.2 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,710 8,880 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.0 7.1 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.2 6.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.3 21.5 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.7 8.3 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.4 72.2 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,507.5 1,507.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.4 20.9 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.6 43.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 104 Time to start a business (days) 46 9 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 35.4 30.2 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.1 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 12.0 8.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 23.7 19.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 53.5 23.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 71.6 117.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 20.9 17.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 291 .. 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 12.0 11.0 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 31.7 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 29.7 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –7.8 –8.2 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 147.2 152.7 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 217.4 226.7 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.5 7.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 16.4 4.3 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 68.5 81.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 11.4 3.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.5 2.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,785 3,130 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 29.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.5 68.0 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 10.1 31.0 34.1 126 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.1 2.2 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.85 0.89 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 25.3 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 760 1,070 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.8 4.0 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.3 7.6 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.9 32.9 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.8 15.1 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.8 59.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 3.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 7.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.4 44.2 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 122.1 101.8 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 143 Time to start a business (days) 93 40 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 44.0 44.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.6 2.6 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 26.2 16.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.1 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 19.8 5.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 9.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.9 32.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 13.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.6 24.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 88 42 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.1 5.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 38.6 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 16.5 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.3 5.7 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 12.8 13.2 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.0 32.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.2 8.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.0 3.7 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.0 13.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 5.9 2.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 7.5 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 6.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.1 45.5 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.6 3.9 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 127 Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.2 4.0 796 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.4 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 3.7 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 130 200 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –6.8 6.9 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 65.8 61.3 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.7 16.8 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.4 12.7 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 18.4 21.9 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.8 7.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 57.1 71.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.9 31.1 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.9 172.6 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 151 Time to start a business (days) 68 6 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 84.0 84.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 43.7 43.7 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 54.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 10.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 2.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 70 379 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.6 45.9 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.4 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.3 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.8 16.0 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 2.8 5.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.6 10.1 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 5.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.0 39.3 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 7.0 5.6 128 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Libya Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.8 6.4 2,452 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.4 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,460 12,320 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.7 4.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 1.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 75.5 78.2 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.7 4.5 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 22.2 19.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.4 67.4 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.3 27.5 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 38 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 2.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 27.9 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.7 5.9 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 10.1 14.4 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.6 41.2 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.7 10.9 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –14.8 57.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 3.5 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,413 4,170 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 34.7 171.5 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.9 14.0 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 129 Liechtenstein High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.04 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 92,780 137,070 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.5 3.0 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 25.1 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 79.3 98.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 63.4 80.0 73.4 130 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Lithuania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.4 3.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.6 1.6 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.3 17.8 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,280 11,510 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.0 0.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.8 3.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.9 28.2 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.8 16.4 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.3 68.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.8 2.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.5 68.2 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.6 69.6 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 27 Time to start a business (days) 26 22 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 30.0 30.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.7 1.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 52.3 43.9 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 5.7 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.5 5.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.8 2.2 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.6 9.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 35.4 3.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 21.8 47.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 37.5 63.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.5 15.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,507 1,012 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 2.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 16.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.1 .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.5 –7.2 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 21.4 43.2 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.8 66.8 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.9 41.9 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.9 8.9 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.6 19.7 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 40.9 66.4 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –1.3 12.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.9 3.6 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 28.3 29.4 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,101 3,431 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 127.5 148.8 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 36.2 62.8 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 131 Luxembourg High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.47 0.51 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.21 0.24 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 4.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 69,300 76,980 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.5 1.5 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.4 0.3 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.6 12.8 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.2 6.1 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 82.9 86.9 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 155.8 165.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 130.3 133.8 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 50 Time to start a business (days) 26 19 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 39.0 52.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 21.6 20.8 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.0 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.3 .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 305.8 389.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 18.4 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.3 –1.0 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 3.6 17.1 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 129.1 186.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 362.6 338.3 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.1 5.2 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.2 0.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 129.0 185.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,640 14,424 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 109.6 143.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 68.8 90.1 73.4 132 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Macao SAR, China High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.48 0.54 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.26 0.34 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 3.6 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 22,800 34,880 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 12.8 10.1 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.2 11.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.3 1.5 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 84.8 89.0 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.4 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.0 8.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 94.9 106.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.6 49.8 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.0 12.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.9 12.3 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 8.6 19.6 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 40.0 47.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 141.0 105.0 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.4 57.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 1.2 1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.2 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 110.7 206.3 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 34.9 56.8 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 133 Macedonia, FYR Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.0 2.1 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.86 0.95 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 37.3 32.0 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,900 4,570 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.9 3.4 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.3 11.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.2 27.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.4 15.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 60.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.2 1.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 49.3 46.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 47.3 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.1 66.0 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 22 Time to start a business (days) 48 3 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 3 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 35.0 26.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 21.6 9.7 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.3 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.0 8.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.7 5.6 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.7 14.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 32.8 8.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 17.7 47.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.5 27.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.1 21.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 707 1,525 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 2.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 19.6 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.6 13.0 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.4 –0.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 26.0 49.0 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.4 50.2 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.9 10.6 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.0 9.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.4 45.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 8.1 7.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 2.4 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 55.6 57.6 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,411 3,442 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 55.5 104.5 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 26.5 51.9 34.1 134 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 17.9 20.7 796 Labor force (millions) 8.6 10.1 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.6 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 300 430 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.0 3.1 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.3 29.1 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.8 16.0 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.0 14.1 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.9 54.9 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 18.5 9.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,003.0 2,090.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.2 28.8 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.6 52.8 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 137 Time to start a business (days) 38 8 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 3 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 30.0 30.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 46.9 36.6 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.7 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.0 0.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 20.8 17.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 6.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 18.5 12.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 92.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.6 8.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 74 472 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 9.9 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 33.0 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 29.8 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –4.6 –1.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 11.8 14.3 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.2 17.0 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.7 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.6 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.9 11.7 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 7.4 37.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 38.5 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 13.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.9 37.2 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.6 1.7 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 135 Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.8 14.9 796 Labor force (millions) 5.7 6.7 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 220 330 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.7 7.4 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.6 30.5 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.0 16.1 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.2 10.0 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.3 53.4 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 15.4 7.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 118.4 150.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.0 30.6 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.2 47.2 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 145 Time to start a business (days) 39 39 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 84.0 84.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.6 2.6 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 32.6 28.2 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.6 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.4 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.8 3.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 15.3 11.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 20.6 20.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 98.5 59.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.2 17.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 36 314 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 2.8 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 21.7 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 16.9 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 9.2 18.4 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.0 21.1 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.9 16.0 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 19.6 17.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.2 21.0 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 45.0 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 6.4 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.3 20.4 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.4 2.3 5.6 136 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Malaysia East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 26.1 28.4 2,452 Labor force (millions) 11.0 12.0 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 3.7 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,110 7,760 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.1 4.2 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.4 10.6 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 49.7 44.4 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 29.6 26.1 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.9 45.0 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.0 1.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.8 3.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 117.5 97.3 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 94.6 79.5 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 18 Time to start a business (days) 37 6 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 75.0 75.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.3 1.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 36.0 34.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.0 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 37.7 41.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.5 2.5 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 48.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10.7 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 54.1 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 20,698 5,707 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 3.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 20.3 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.3 10.3 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.9 –5.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 43.8 53.1 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 123.2 132.4 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 113.6 128.8 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.7 9.1 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.6 3.4 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 110.8 114.9 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 1.3 –0.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.0 2.5 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 81.3 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,121 3,614 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 74.9 119.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 48.6 56.3 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 137 Maldives South Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.30 0.32 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.12 0.15 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.4 .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,350 5,750 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.1 8.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.9 3.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.7 14.5 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.0 3.8 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.4 82.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.5 4.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.8 12.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.5 49.7 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 88.7 67.3 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 79 Time to start a business (days) 9 9 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 9.0 9.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 9.3 9.3 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.7 0.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.2 3.1 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 53 490 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.4 8.6 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 40.9 .. 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –9.3 –22.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 40.3 44.2 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.6 104.2 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.6 76.7 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 46.1 64.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 13.5 10.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 6.3 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 69.0 156.4 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.9 28.3 34.1 138 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mali Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.2 15.4 796 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.3 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 600 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.9 4.7 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.6 .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.2 .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.2 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.3 .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.4 1.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.3 .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 146 Time to start a business (days) 41 8 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 31.0 31.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.6 3.6 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 52.2 51.8 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.8 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.4 2.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 31.1 20.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 7.0 29.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 48.4 32.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.6 24.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 504 837 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.5 1.6 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.5 –2.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 18.1 19.7 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.1 19.8 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.2 18.4 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 24.6 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 4.2 5.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.8 48.4 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 2.7 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 139 Malta High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.40 0.42 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.18 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.3 6.9 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,310 19,130 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.1 2.3 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.7 1.8 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 39.3 33.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 13.6 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.9 65.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.0 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.3 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.1 85.2 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 82.4 83.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.4 2.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 8.8 9.5 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.4 12.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 16.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.1 –3.6 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 83.4 81.7 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 136.7 160.2 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 137.6 148.7 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 10.8 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.9 7.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 106.5 131.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.9 1.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.8 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.5 87.5 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,913 4,416 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 80.2 109.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 41.8 63.1 73.4 140 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Marshall Islands East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 2,519 Labor force (millions) .. .. 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,560 3,640 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.8 0.9 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 106 Time to start a business (days) 17 17 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 64.9 64.9 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.7 5.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.3 7.0 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.9 3.5 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 141 Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.0 3.5 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.93 1.1 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 33.0 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 720 1,000 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.5 4.3 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 30.5 17.1 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.2 43.9 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.0 3.7 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 36.3 38.9 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.1 6.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 265.5 275.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 62.0 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 82.5 73.6 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 159 Time to start a business (days) 82 19 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 31.0 31.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 8.0 8.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 94.8 68.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 48.2 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 3.2 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.9 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 92 266 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 37.3 0.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 59.0 24.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 52.1 16.6 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 39.4 35.4 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.0 24.6 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.9 30.4 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 12.3 –2.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 15.1 9.0 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.3 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.7 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.5 79.3 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 3.0 13.5 142 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.2 1.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.55 0.60 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.6 7.7 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,360 7,850 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.3 4.6 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.0 3.6 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.6 26.9 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.8 18.0 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.4 69.4 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.9 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 29.5 30.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.9 52.4 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.9 63.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 23 Time to start a business (days) 46 6 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 35.0 4.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.7 1.7 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 23.4 25.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.6 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 6.3 6.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 7.3 7.3 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.6 9.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 48.4 37.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 28.4 11.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 393 63 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 4.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 24.9 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 18.8 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. –2.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 37.8 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 102.7 112.2 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 91.4 99.4 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.3 7.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.0 2.8 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 75.3 87.8 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 16.1 6.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.8 0.5 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 98.0 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 52.8 93.0 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.3 28.7 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 143 Mayotte Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.17 0.20 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 38 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 83.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.4 .. 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 34.1 144 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mexico Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 106.5 113.4 2,452 Labor force (millions) 44.3 49.6 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 5.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,820 8,930 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.9 1.1 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.7 3.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.0 34.3 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.4 18.0 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.3 61.8 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 4.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10.9 12.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.1 30.3 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.6 31.7 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 53 Time to start a business (days) 58 9 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 52.0 52.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 55.7 52.7 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.5 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 37.3 44.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.6 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 20.5 13.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 9.6 10.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 2.6 16.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.3 17.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 20.3 24.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 29,001 32,322 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 1.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.0 20.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 14.2 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 33.4 39.2 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.7 26.7 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.5 10.4 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.8 2.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.6 24.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 1.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 4.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 37.0 35.3 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,927 1,943 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.4 3.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 44.3 80.6 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 17.2 31.1 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 145 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 2,519 Labor force (millions) .. .. 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,510 2,740 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.3 –0.5 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 140 Time to start a business (days) 16 16 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.3 5.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 59.6 58.7 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 12.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 67.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 3.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.8 20.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 13.9 11.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.8 14.2 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 5.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.9 24.8 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 11.9 20.0 13.5 146 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Moldova Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.6 3.6 2,519 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.2 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.3 6.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 1,810 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.1 2.9 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.5 14.3 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.3 13.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.9 12.7 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.1 72.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.0 7.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.6 12.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 39.6 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 91.7 78.2 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 81 Time to start a business (days) 30 9 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 29.0 37.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.8 2.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 48.2 31.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.6 4.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.5 1.3 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.7 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 45.2 15.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 27.0 30.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 30.4 24.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.2 9.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 273 555 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.4 3.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.6 22.7 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 21.9 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.8 –2.6 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 32.4 26.3 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 25.4 38.7 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 29.9 37.5 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.7 16.0 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.3 13.3 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.6 33.3 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 9.1 4.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 8.7 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.3 85.8 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,539 1,018 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.3 88.9 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.3 40.1 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 147 Monaco High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.04 0.04 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 123,100 183,150 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.7 7.7 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 73.4 148 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mongolia East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.5 2.8 2,519 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.2 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.3 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 1,870 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.7 6.4 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.1 16.2 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.2 37.5 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.4 7.3 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.7 46.3 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.7 10.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,205.2 1,357.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.8 54.7 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.6 62.4 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 86 Time to start a business (days) 13 13 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 9.0 9.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 39.8 24.6 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.2 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.0 12.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 20.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 42.3 26.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.7 20.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 20.5 16.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 22 .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.3 23.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.9 32.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 26.4 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.8 3.0 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 50.5 45.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 27.6 41.8 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.8 34.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.6 39.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 8.7 0.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.6 8.2 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 3.5 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,278 1,411 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 21.9 91.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.0 12.9 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 149 Montenegro Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.63 0.63 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 30.3 .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,580 6,740 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.8 4.3 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 9.2 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.7 19.5 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.8 5.4 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.8 71.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.9 0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.5 35.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.1 63.6 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 56 Time to start a business (days) 24 10 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 39.0 28.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 31.6 22.3 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.1 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.0 0.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.2 0.9 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 12.7 6.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 3.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 18.6 75.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 30.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.0 13.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 248 486 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 25.5 18.5 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 21.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.3 15.8 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.3 10.6 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.3 21.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.0 66.9 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 2.0 7.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 5.8 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 7.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 86.7 185.1 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 28.8 52.0 34.1 150 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Morocco Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 30.4 32.0 2,519 Labor force (millions) 11.0 11.4 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 10.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,960 2,850 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.0 4.8 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.7 15.4 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.2 29.7 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.3 15.3 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.1 55.0 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.0 1.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.9 8.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.3 33.0 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.9 42.9 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 94 Time to start a business (days) 12 12 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 85.0 85.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 51.7 49.6 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.2 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 11.3 26.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 1.3 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 10.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 26.5 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.8 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.3 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 7,389 3,874 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 1.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.5 30.7 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 24.9 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.5 –2.6 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 57.3 50.3 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 73.0 105.2 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 71.5 89.6 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.7 8.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.7 4.4 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 46.2 68.7 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 9.9 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 61.9 70.3 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 636 756 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.5 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.8 100.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.1 49.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 151 Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.8 23.4 796 Labor force (millions) 9.9 11.1 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 290 440 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.2 7.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.0 31.9 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 23.4 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.5 13.1 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.7 44.8 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.2 12.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 23.1 34.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.7 25.3 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.9 43.2 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 139 Time to start a business (days) 153 13 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 143.0 134.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 34.3 34.3 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.7 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 9.8 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.5 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 12.7 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.7 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,663 236 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 8.2 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 23.7 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.1 10.6 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 18.1 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.6 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.6 8.0 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 1.9 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.8 25.8 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 9.8 3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 6.6 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 20.8 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 445 453 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.0 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.2 30.9 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 4.2 5.6 152 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Myanmar East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 46.3 48.0 796 Labor force (millions) 26.0 28.0 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 13.0 11.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 46.7 36.4 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.5 26.0 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.8 19.5 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.8 37.6 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.4 7.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.8 5.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 0.2 0.1 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 0.1 0.1 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 33 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 556 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.7 22.4 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.5 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 6.0 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.1 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.7 4.7 29.7 Real interest rate (%) –3.6 8.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.0 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.9 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 85 104 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 1.2 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.2 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 153 Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.1 2.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.78 0.93 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 21.9 37.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,300 4,510 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.4 3.8 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.3 7.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 19.6 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.6 7.7 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 72.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 4.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 7.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.5 38.9 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.3 37.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 78 Time to start a business (days) 95 66 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 24.0 24.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 13.1 9.8 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.0 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.1 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.6 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 36 9 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.3 6.5 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.6 23.5 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 14.9 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.0 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 59.7 .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.2 .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.8 8.4 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.3 2.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.8 45.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 4.8 0.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.4 4.7 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.8 14.7 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,416 1,576 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.6 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 21.6 67.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.0 6.5 34.1 154 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Nepal South Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 27.3 30.0 796 Labor force (millions) 14.0 16.0 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 2.7 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 290 490 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.3 4.5 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.3 36.1 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.7 15.4 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.2 6.6 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.0 48.5 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.8 10.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 71.4 73.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.6 9.8 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.5 37.1 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 107 Time to start a business (days) 31 29 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 90.0 90.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 32.5 31.5 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.2 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 14.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 17.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 3.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 124 60 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.6 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 20.2 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.0 15.7 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.0 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) 51.8 43.8 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 38.8 65.0 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.7 61.6 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.4 55.6 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 1.9 –4.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 4.4 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.1 53.9 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 73 91 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 52.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.8 30.7 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.8 7.9 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 155 Netherlands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.3 16.6 1,127 Labor force (millions) 8.6 8.9 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.7 4.5 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 39,880 49,030 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.2 1.2 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.1 2.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.2 23.9 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.3 13.3 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 73.7 74.1 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.6 78.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.1 70.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 31 Time to start a business (days) 9 8 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.1 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 48.5 40.5 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.9 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.1 35.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.6 3.1 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.4 –2.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 18.2 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.1 –4.8 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 51.5 58.2 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 176.5 211.9 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 112.8 130.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 3.1 4.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.2 2.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 165.0 199.3 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 0.3 0.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 0.4 –0.6 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,988 6,896 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 97.0 115.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 80.9 90.7 73.4 156 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development New Caledonia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.23 0.25 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.10 0.11 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 96.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 57.3 89.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 31.9 34.2 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 157 New Zealand High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.1 4.4 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.2 2.4 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.8 6.5 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 24,840 28,770 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.1 0.5 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.4 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.1 .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.3 .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.5 .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.2 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.4 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.4 28.7 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.6 27.2 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 3 Time to start a business (days) 12 1 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 2 1 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.3 1.3 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 36.2 34.4 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 29.9 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 63.3 47.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 23.5 17.1 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 –0.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 19.3 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.4 .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 44.8 .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 126.5 154.7 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 78.0 93.3 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 122.4 149.0 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.4 4.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.1 1.7 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.9 66.2 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 9,674 9,346 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 85.4 114.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 62.7 83.0 73.4 158 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 5.8 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.4 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 1,110 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.1 3.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.0 21.4 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.8 29.8 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.7 19.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.2 48.8 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.6 5.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 16.7 21.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.0 41.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.6 69.6 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 118 Time to start a business (days) 39 39 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 22.0 22.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.2 2.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 63.5 66.8 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.5 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.3 20.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 4.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 13.0 21.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 62.7 24.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.7 15.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 449 1,022 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 7.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.4 27.4 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 20.9 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.8 –1.0 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 30.4 32.9 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.2 39.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.3 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.6 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.3 32.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 2.0 10.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.1 10.3 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.0 11.6 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 414 460 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 12.5 6.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.6 65.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.6 10.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 159 Niger Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.0 15.5 796 Labor force (millions) 4.3 5.1 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 370 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.7 4.8 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 39.6 .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.1 .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.3 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.2 .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.8 0.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.0 .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.2 .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 173 Time to start a business (days) 35 17 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 35.0 35.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 42.3 43.8 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.3 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.0 0.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 11.5 22.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 17.1 13.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 14.6 9.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.6 37.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 4.8 4.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 89 359 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 17.1 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.2 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.9 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 7.5 13.4 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.7 11.4 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.8 12.6 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.6 20.7 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 20.7 20.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 24.5 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 0.8 5.6 160 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 139.8 158.4 2,519 Labor force (millions) 43.7 50.3 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 630 1,230 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.6 6.7 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.8 .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 43.5 .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.8 .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 23.7 .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 17.9 13.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 131.3 150.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.5 36.8 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.0 30.4 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 133 Time to start a business (days) 43 34 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 50.0 50.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 31.5 32.7 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.3 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.0 65.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.4 0.8 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 22.9 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 2.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.5 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 11,225 15,308 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.4 3.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.5 –1.7 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 3.6 3.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 17.6 42.6 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.9 34.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.4 3.2 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 18.1 17.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.2 28.1 40.1 Real interest rate (%) –1.5 5.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.4 11.1 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 15.0 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 128 121 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 26.3 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 55.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.5 28.4 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 161 Northern Mariana Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.07 0.06 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.3 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 29.9 .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 73.4 162 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Norway High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.6 4.9 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.4 2.6 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.6 3.6 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 62,490 87,350 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.1 0.7 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.5 1.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 42.6 40.2 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.7 9.2 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.9 58.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 6.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 41.1 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.8 28.8 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 6 Time to start a business (days) 8 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 13.0 13.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 0.9 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 42.0 41.6 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.4 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 14.0 13.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.7 4.5 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 2.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 19.8 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 15.1 11.7 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 35.9 35.4 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 83.5 .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 51.1 .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 6.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.7 1.5 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 80.9 .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –4.5 11.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.2 2.0 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 79.6 80.7 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 25,083 23,550 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.8 115.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 82.0 93.3 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 163 Oman High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.4 2.8 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.90 1.2 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,190 18,260 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.1 7.1 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.9 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 55.1 .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.3 .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.0 .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.9 3.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.6 52.6 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.2 41.5 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 49 Time to start a business (days) 35 8 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 19.5 22.0 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.4 3.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.8 1.7 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 31.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.7 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.0 3.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 29.3 40.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.8 35.8 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.6 13.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.0 3.3 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.8 48.2 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –11.1 40.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.8 3.5 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.7 46.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,449 5,724 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.9 165.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.7 62.0 73.4 164 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Pakistan South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 158.6 173.6 2,519 Labor force (millions) 51.5 59.7 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 5.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 710 1,050 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.0 4.0 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.5 21.2 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.1 25.4 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.6 16.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.4 53.4 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.1 13.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 59.5 85.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.7 13.6 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.6 18.8 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 105 Time to start a business (days) 24 21 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 90.0 90.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.8 2.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 43.6 35.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.9 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.2 2.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 58.8 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 9.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 106.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.6 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 7,083 14,051 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.0 1.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 13.8 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.1 10.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.2 –5.0 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 39.5 36.6 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.9 31.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.9 9.8 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.3 14.7 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.6 21.5 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 1.9 1.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 5.9 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 65.4 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 448 449 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 33.9 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.1 57.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.3 16.8 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 165 Palau East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.02 0.02 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,770 6,560 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.9 –0.6 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 .. 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.1 .. 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.5 .. 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 80.4 .. 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.2 80.8 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.8 100.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 116 Time to start a business (days) 24 28 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 73.0 73.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 65.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 1.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 83.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.4 70.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 27.0 .. 34.1 166 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Panama Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.2 3.5 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.5 1.6 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 6.5 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,640 6,970 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.4 7.9 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.0 5.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.6 16.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.4 6.1 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.5 77.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.2 3.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.5 65.2 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.1 69.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 61 Time to start a business (days) 18 8 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 44.0 44.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.3 45.2 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.7 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 12.6 0.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.3 0.3 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 10.3 33.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 7.7 6.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.2 1.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10.2 1.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.7 22.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 712 2,139 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.9 8.8 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 25.6 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 21.7 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 87.7 87.5 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 73.8 86.2 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.8 12.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.8 1.1 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 87.1 91.5 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 6.8 4.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 4.7 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.1 42.0 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,496 1,735 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 4.2 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.0 184.7 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 11.5 42.7 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 167 Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.1 6.9 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.7 3.0 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 680 1,300 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.6 6.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 38.6 35.8 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.4 44.8 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.5 5.9 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 19.9 19.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.8 6.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.1 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.6 55.9 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.1 53.1 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 101 Time to start a business (days) 51 51 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 39.0 39.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 41.7 42.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 150 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.8 0.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.1 16.7 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.3 .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 69.7 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 22.2 .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 25.3 .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.0 31.8 40.1 Real interest rate (%) –3.8 1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.6 9.1 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.2 27.8 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.7 1.3 13.5 168 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Paraguay Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.9 6.5 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.7 3.1 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.8 5.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,220 2,720 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.6 4.8 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.1 22.3 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.7 20.4 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.9 12.2 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.2 57.3 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.8 4.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6,178.0 4,735.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.2 57.1 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.6 55.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 102 Time to start a business (days) 74 35 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 99.0 99.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.9 3.9 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 54.3 35.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.6 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.9 20.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 24.5 14.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.2 30.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.2 23.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.1 15.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 199 636 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 1.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 18.2 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 13.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.7 1.4 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 15.7 35.7 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.1 28.4 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.0 9.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.6 1.3 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.6 37.8 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 20.2 18.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 28.2 24.8 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 849 1,056 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.3 3.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.0 91.7 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.9 19.8 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 169 Peru Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 27.6 29.1 2,452 Labor force (millions) 12.8 15.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.4 6.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,680 4,700 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.3 7.1 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.2 8.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.3 34.3 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.4 16.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.5 57.5 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.3 2.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.1 25.1 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 22.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 41 Time to start a business (days) 102 26 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 52.0 17.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.1 3.1 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 41.6 40.7 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.6 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.9 51.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.7 2.7 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 13.5 14.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 1.6 8.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 30.9 45.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 81.6 33.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.6 14.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 5,415 8,792 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 4.7 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 24.5 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 18.8 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.8 0.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 31.2 21.6 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 21.7 26.2 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.2 30.3 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.7 9.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.3 2.6 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.4 24.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 21.9 11.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.9 17.4 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.9 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 839 1,136 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.9 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.3 100.1 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 17.1 34.3 34.1 170 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Philippines East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 85.5 93.3 2,519 Labor force (millions) 34.8 38.7 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 7.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,210 2,060 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.7 4.7 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.7 12.3 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.8 32.6 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.1 21.4 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.5 55.1 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.6 3.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 55.1 45.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.1 34.8 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.7 36.6 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 136 Time to start a business (days) 47 35 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 15 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 91.0 91.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.7 5.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.8 46.5 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 13.5 11.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.9 9.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 21.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 21.8 22.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 15.8 15.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 8,988 17,614 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 0.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 20.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 16.8 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.8 –3.5 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 73.9 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 45.4 46.5 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.5 53.5 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.0 11.7 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.0 3.8 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.1 29.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 4.1 3.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 4.5 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.9 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 582 593 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.7 85.7 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.4 25.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 171 Poland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.2 38.2 1,127 Labor force (millions) 17.4 18.2 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 17.7 9.6 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,290 12,440 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.2 4.7 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.5 3.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.7 31.6 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.5 18.5 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.8 64.8 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.1 2.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.2 3.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 42.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.8 43.5 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 62 Time to start a business (days) 31 32 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 13.0 13.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 43.8 43.6 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.4 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 13.0 14.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.5 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.9 12.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 30.4 4.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 33.3 40.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.4 83.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 19.6 17.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 21,157 13,868 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.4 1.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.2 19.9 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –4.0 –6.1 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 46.9 48.1 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 39.1 64.4 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.3 48.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.9 9.1 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.0 8.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.9 54.8 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.1 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 66.5 69.9 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,437 3,591 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.4 123.0 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 38.8 62.5 73.4 172 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Portugal High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.5 10.6 1,127 Labor force (millions) 5.5 5.6 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.6 10.8 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,060 21,870 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.7 0.3 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 2.4 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.9 23.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.0 13.5 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.3 74.5 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.7 31.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 38.2 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 30 Time to start a business (days) 54 5 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 95.0 97.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 45.2 43.3 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 25.8 27.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.7 3.9 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 52.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.4 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.7 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.7 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 0.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 19.8 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –5.5 –8.7 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 70.3 84.0 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 144.4 208.3 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 90.0 126.6 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.8 6.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.5 3.3 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 140.7 191.0 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,663 4,815 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 108.5 142.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 35.0 51.3 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 173 Puerto Rico High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.9 4.0 1,127 Labor force (millions) 1.5 1.4 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.3 13.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,190 15,500 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.9 –1.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.6 0.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 47.9 50.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 43.0 46.4 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.5 49.3 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 82.8 77.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 101.0 92.3 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 43 Time to start a business (days) 7 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.8 3.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 57.6 63.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.3 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 9.1 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 95.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 51.0 73.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 22.6 42.7 73.4 174 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Qatar High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.82 1.8 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.52 1.3 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.5 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.7 20.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.8 –2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.6 3.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.3 46.7 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.0 31.2 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 36 Time to start a business (days) 6 12 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 69.0 69.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.8 2.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 11.3 11.3 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.8 8.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 33.1 39.3 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 9.5 15.2 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.3 69.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.5 55.3 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 34.9 51.5 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –15.5 31.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 4.4 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 16,294 14,421 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 87.3 132.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 24.7 81.6 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 175 Romania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 21.6 21.4 2,452 Labor force (millions) 10.0 10.2 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 7.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,920 7,850 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.8 2.9 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.1 7.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.0 26.2 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.5 21.8 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.9 66.7 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.0 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.9 3.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.9 23.5 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.3 29.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 72 Time to start a business (days) 11 14 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 6.0 8.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.6 3.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 57.2 44.4 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.4 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 92.3 56.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.9 3.7 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.1 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 27.4 12.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 31.4 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 23.6 42.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.2 26.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 5,264 11,443 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.6 1.8 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 31.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.6 28.2 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.0 –4.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 20.7 51.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.8 33.1 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.2 8.9 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.6 11.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.0 46.1 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 6.5 10.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.2 6.8 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.2 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,331 2,267 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 61.7 114.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.6 40.0 34.1 176 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Russian Federation Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 143.2 141.8 2,452 Labor force (millions) 73.4 75.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 7.5 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,460 9,900 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.2 3.1 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 4.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.1 36.7 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.3 16.4 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.0 59.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.7 6.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 28.3 30.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.2 30.0 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.5 21.7 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 120 Time to start a business (days) 31 30 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 60.0 46.9 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 502.6 261.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.9 2.6 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.2 19.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 59.3 17.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 15.8 30.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.2 57.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.3 11.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 24,789 69,412 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 2.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 21.9 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.2 19.1 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 9.9 –1.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 16.7 9.4 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 29.3 46.5 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.7 40.3 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.8 14.0 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.6 8.2 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.5 45.1 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –7.2 –0.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.7 4.8 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 84.4 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,785 6,136 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 83.8 167.7 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.3 43.4 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 177 Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.2 10.6 796 Labor force (millions) 4.5 5.2 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 520 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.3 7.4 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 38.4 33.9 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.1 14.4 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 6.4 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.5 51.8 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.0 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 557.8 583.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.4 11.6 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.2 29.0 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 45 Time to start a business (days) 18 3 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 2 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 26.0 26.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 47.1 31.3 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.2 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.4 3.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.9 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 15.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 74 414 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 0.8 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 21.6 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.0 10.5 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 12.6 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.2 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 11.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 29.0 10.8 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.2 .. 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 6.3 14.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.1 9.6 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 13.6 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.4 33.4 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.6 13.0 5.6 178 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Samoa East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.18 0.18 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.07 0.07 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,090 2,980 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.9 0.6 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.2 9.8 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.6 28.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.7 10.0 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.2 62.0 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.9 0.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.9 32.0 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.4 58.8 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 60 Time to start a business (days) 35 9 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 9.0 9.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 20.2 18.9 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.9 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 13.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 19.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 48.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 31.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –0.7 0.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 34.9 .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.6 .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.1 45.0 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 10.5 8.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.1 8.0 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 5.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 91.0 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.4 7.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 179 San Marino High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.03 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.8 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 40,370 50,400 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.2 3.1 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 2.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 5.4 2.4 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 51.1 58.2 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.2 4.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.8 4.7 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 56.6 76.1 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 50.3 54.2 73.4 180 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development São Tomé and Príncipe Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.15 0.17 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.06 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.7 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 770 1,200 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.0 5.4 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.8 .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.5 .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.4 .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.7 .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 17.2 12.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10,558.0 18,498.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 163 Time to start a business (days) 144 10 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 91.0 91.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 6.2 6.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 46.9 32.5 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.1 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 52 .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 13.8 12.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.7 39.7 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 22.0 13.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 19.0 17.8 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.8 62.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.8 18.8 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 181 Saudi Arabia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.0 27.4 1,127 Labor force (millions) 8.1 9.6 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.3 5.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,230 16,190 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.0 2.6 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.2 2.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 63.2 62.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.4 10.1 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.5 35.5 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.7 5.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.7 3.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 60.9 56.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.8 35.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 12 Time to start a business (days) 64 5 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 80.0 80.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.8 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 14.5 14.5 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 2.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.8 5.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 21.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 50.4 58.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 18.6 31.4 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.8 12.6 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.9 3.0 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 36.9 47.6 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.5 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,553 7,427 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 58.9 187.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 12.7 41.0 73.4 182 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.9 12.4 2,519 Labor force (millions) 4.6 5.4 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.0 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 800 1,080 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.6 3.5 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.7 17.4 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.8 22.4 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.2 13.3 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 60.2 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.9 24.8 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.5 43.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 154 Time to start a business (days) 58 5 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 3 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 38.0 38.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 50.7 46.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.2 1.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 18.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.4 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.1 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 742 1,989 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.5 1.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.7 29.0 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 18.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 24.7 30.3 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 25.4 31.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 10.0 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.9 20.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.3 25.9 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.3 32.0 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 163 196 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 11.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.9 67.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.8 16.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 183 Serbia Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.4 7.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 4.0 3.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.8 19.2 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,430 5,630 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.3 2.0 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.1 9.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.0 26.6 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.4 15.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.9 64.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 16.1 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 66.7 77.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.2 34.9 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.2 51.4 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 92 Time to start a business (days) 23 13 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 25.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.7 2.7 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 35.8 34.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.6 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 10.2 9.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.0 1.9 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.9 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 59.6 3.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 30.2 42.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 17.7 109.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.1 21.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 564 3,024 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.1 3.5 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 22.8 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 19.2 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.9 –3.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 38.7 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 31.2 61.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.6 42.0 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 16.2 19.7 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 22.2 16.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.0 51.5 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 1.0 7.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.1 6.0 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 63.2 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,922 4,224 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 74.1 136.0 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 27.1 43.1 34.1 184 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Seychelles Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.5 .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,680 9,710 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –1.2 4.0 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.5 1.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.9 19.1 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.1 11.4 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.6 78.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.9 –2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.5 12.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.1 115.7 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 102.7 123.7 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 103 Time to start a business (days) 39 39 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 39.0 39.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 48.4 32.2 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 19.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 51 .. 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.7 17.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 23.5 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 20.3 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.5 1.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 78.2 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 103.1 .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 105.9 .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.6 9.2 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.4 5.5 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.1 28.7 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –6.6 13.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 9.8 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 96.0 96.5 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 70.9 135.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 25.6 40.8 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 185 Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 5.9 796 Labor force (millions) 2.0 2.3 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 230 340 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 13.7 5.4 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 51.6 49.0 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.6 20.7 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.7 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 24.8 30.4 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.6 16.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,889.6 3,978.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.6 17.1 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.5 29.5 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 141 Time to start a business (days) 26 12 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 189.0 189.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.6 2.6 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 272.4 32.1 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.6 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 8.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 13.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 49 280 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.7 4.5 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.0 15.8 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.3 8.0 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.7 –3.2 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 8.5 12.5 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 11.0 14.6 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.3 17.5 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 26.8 15.6 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.5 10.4 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 10.4 6.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.5 12.3 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.0 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 15.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 14.2 34.1 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 0.3 5.6 186 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Singapore High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.3 5.1 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.2 2.8 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 5.9 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 27,180 40,070 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.1 5.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.1 0.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.6 28.3 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 26.8 22.2 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.3 71.7 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.4 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 230.0 211.1 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 200.6 183.0 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 1 Time to start a business (days) 6 3 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 0.8 0.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 27.7 27.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.5 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 19.5 26.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.8 7.4 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 12.5 18.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.1 25.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 6.5 8.0 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 96.8 109.2 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 111.9 130.1 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 101.3 128.3 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.6 9.6 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.8 1.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 90.9 102.1 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 3.2 5.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 5.2 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,507 7,949 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.8 145.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 61.0 71.1 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 187 Sint Maarten (Dutch part) High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.04 0.04 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 73.4 188 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Slovak Republic High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 5.4 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.7 2.7 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.2 14.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,040 16,840 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.9 4.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.7 3.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.5 34.9 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.1 20.7 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.9 61.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 1.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 31.0 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.3 81.1 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.9 82.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 48 Time to start a business (days) 27 18 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 13.0 26.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.8 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.7 48.8 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.2 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 12.7 15.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.3 4.0 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.5 6.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 31.3 3.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 23.8 33.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.4 25.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.3 28.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.9 0.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.5 22.2 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.6 .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.6 –7.3 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 37.1 38.2 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 48.3 53.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 43.4 48.8 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 9.7 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.0 5.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.1 44.9 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.2 2.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.2 2.0 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.0 87.1 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,920 4,925 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 84.3 109.1 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 55.5 79.9 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 189 Slovenia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.0 2.0 1,127 Labor force (millions) 1.0 1.0 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.5 7.2 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,070 23,900 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.6 1.5 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.7 2.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.1 31.6 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.9 21.1 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.2 65.9 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 192.7 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.2 65.4 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.6 64.9 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 37 Time to start a business (days) 60 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 2 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 40.0 37.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.0 34.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.7 5.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.6 4.2 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.4 7.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.0 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 47.3 52.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 12.7 60.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 30.5 28.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 0.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.4 21.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.5 –5.5 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 68.1 98.0 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.7 57.9 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 8.2 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.5 3.6 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 56.3 94.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 6.0 2.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 4.5 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,918 6,103 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 87.9 103.6 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 46.8 69.3 73.4 190 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Solomon Islands East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.47 0.54 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.19 0.22 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 1,030 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.6 6.0 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.5 38.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 8.1 6.1 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.7 3.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.4 55.0 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.3 1.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.5 8.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.1 31.1 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.6 61.5 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 74 Time to start a business (days) 57 43 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 44.0 44.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 26.1 26.2 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.6 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 5 5 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.5 35.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.5 .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 18.5 .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 20.8 .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.6 26.9 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 8.4 8.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.4 11.1 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.3 5.6 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.8 5.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 191 Somalia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.4 9.3 796 Labor force (millions) 2.6 2.9 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 33 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 13 .. 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.0 6.9 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 1.2 5.6 192 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 47.2 50.0 2,452 Labor force (millions) 17.2 18.2 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 26.7 23.8 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,850 6,090 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.8 3.0 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.7 2.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.2 30.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.5 14.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.2 66.7 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 4.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 7.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.4 27.3 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.9 27.5 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 35 Time to start a business (days) 35 19 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 24.0 24.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 38.1 33.1 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.4 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 44.2 24.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.5 0.8 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.0 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 3.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 34.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.8 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 26.4 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 12,307 13,314 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 0.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 19.6 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.5 11.9 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.2 –4.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 76.4 88.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 56.7 60.9 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.9 7.0 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.5 5.8 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 138.7 145.5 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 1.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 3.4 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,704 4,532 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.1 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 72.0 100.8 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.6 12.3 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 193 South Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) .. .. 2,519 Labor force (millions) .. .. 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 72.1 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. 40.4 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 13.5 194 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Spain High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 43.4 46.1 1,127 Labor force (millions) 21.0 23.2 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.2 20.1 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 25,450 31,750 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.2 0.7 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.2 2.7 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.7 25.7 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.8 12.7 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.1 71.7 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.7 26.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.0 28.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 44 Time to start a business (days) 47 28 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 56.0 56.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 61.8 38.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 1.2 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 138.3 79.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.0 2.9 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 0.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 32.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 21.3 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.2 1.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.4 22.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.6 –5.2 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 38.5 47.8 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 157.6 231.7 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 104.8 160.0 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.8 6.2 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.8 4.6 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 145.7 211.6 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 0.0 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.8 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 99.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,147 6,006 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 98.4 112.0 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 47.9 65.8 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 195 Sri Lanka South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 19.8 20.9 2,519 Labor force (millions) 8.1 8.6 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 4.9 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,190 2,240 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.3 6.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.8 12.8 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.2 29.4 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.5 18.0 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.0 57.8 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.6 5.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 100.5 113.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.3 21.7 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.3 30.8 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 89 Time to start a business (days) 50 35 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 217.0 217.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.7 1.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 56.8 105.2 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.7 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.8 4.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.3 0.3 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.5 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 26.2 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 83.4 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 985 1,284 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 25.9 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 20.1 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –7.0 –6.6 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 90.6 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 40.6 37.0 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.0 33.5 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.7 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.3 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.9 26.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 0.3 2.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.1 3.3 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 81.0 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 394 408 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.9 83.2 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 12.0 13.5 196 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development St. Kitts and Nevis Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,130 11,830 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.2 1.6 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 1.7 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.0 16.4 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.0 5.5 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.8 81.8 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 0.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.3 27.1 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.8 44.6 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 95 Time to start a business (days) 19 19 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 13.0 13.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 52.6 52.7 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 32.7 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 26 .. 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 18.2 18.5 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 36.2 31.0 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.5 –3.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 114.8 131.5 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 111.6 125.0 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 58.3 72.0 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 7.5 6.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 4.0 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 103.7 153.8 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 34.0 76.6 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 197 St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.16 0.17 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.08 0.09 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.6 .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,130 6,560 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.4 2.7 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.8 3.2 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.7 16.6 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.7 3.9 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.5 80.2 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.9 0.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.8 47.3 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.5 60.4 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 52 Time to start a business (days) 20 15 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 56.0 56.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 35.7 34.4 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 90 50 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.9 9.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 33.5 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 84.3 118.3 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 84.6 88.2 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 80.6 112.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 8.9 5.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 7.3 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.3 114.4 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.7 40.1 34.1 198 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development St. Martin (French part) High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.03 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 199 St. Vincent & Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.05 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,980 6,320 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.8 2.1 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.3 6.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.8 18.2 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.9 4.9 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.9 75.2 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.7 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.9 25.4 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.7 55.0 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 75 Time to start a business (days) 12 10 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 54.0 54.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 45.0 38.7 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 30.2 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 50 .. 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.3 14.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.6 22.6 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –4.1 –0.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 55.5 64.6 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 64.9 74.3 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.6 50.1 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 6.1 6.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.7 6.3 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.0 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.9 120.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.2 69.6 34.1 200 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.4 43.6 2,519 Labor force (millions) 11.9 14.0 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 610 1,270 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.2 7.2 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.0 23.6 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.3 33.0 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.9 5.6 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.7 43.3 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.5 13.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.4 2.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.2 19.8 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.1 18.9 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 135 Time to start a business (days) 39 36 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 118.0 118.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.7 36.1 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.8 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 748 2,377 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.4 3.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 20.4 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.2 13.1 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 8.9 14.2 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.8 13.4 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 10.0 11.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 79 114 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.8 40.5 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.3 10.2 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 201 Suriname Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.50 0.53 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.18 0.20 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.5 .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,320 5,920 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.9 4.3 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.4 5.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.3 38.5 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.4 18.9 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.3 56.4 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.9 6.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.4 .. 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.2 .. 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 158 Time to start a business (days) 694 694 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 26.0 26.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 27.9 27.9 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.2 0.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.4 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 60 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 –2.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.9 .. 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.6 .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 22.5 31.0 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.3 46.9 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.3 29.1 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 1.6 8.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.1 5.4 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 26.3 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.6 169.5 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.4 31.6 34.1 202 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Swaziland Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.0 1.1 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.36 0.41 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,600 2,930 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.2 2.4 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.8 8.0 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.7 46.5 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 38.9 41.7 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.5 45.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.8 4.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 7.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 87.1 54.8 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 91.2 68.2 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 124 Time to start a business (days) 60 56 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 53.0 53.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 36.6 36.8 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.1 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.4 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 3.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 7.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 16.9 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.1 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 28 63 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –1.8 3.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 11.1 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.1 5.3 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.8 .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 23.8 23.8 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.6 27.6 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.4 12.2 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.0 8.0 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 21.1 23.0 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.9 3.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.6 5.9 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.0 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.5 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 19.7 69.4 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.0 9.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 203 Sweden High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.0 9.4 1,127 Labor force (millions) 4.8 5.0 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 8.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 42,920 50,100 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.8 0.8 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.2 1.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.1 26.6 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.9 16.4 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.6 71.5 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.5 1.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.5 7.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.4 50.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.6 44.0 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 14 Time to start a business (days) 15 15 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 3 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 26.0 26.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 54.9 52.8 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.7 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 20.6 24.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.5 4.1 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 1.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 17.8 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 53.1 44.2 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 117.5 145.0 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.0 59.0 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.8 5.0 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.8 2.0 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 107.9 140.2 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.5 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 31.5 24.4 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,431 14,142 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 100.8 116.1 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 84.8 90.0 73.4 204 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Switzerland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.4 7.8 1,127 Labor force (millions) 4.2 4.5 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 4.2 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 56,870 71,520 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.2 1.8 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.3 1.1 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.2 27.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 19.2 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.6 71.8 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.2 0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.2 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.0 53.6 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.3 42.2 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 26 Time to start a business (days) 18 18 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 13.0 13.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 29.9 30.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.9 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.8 25.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.7 4.9 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –0.1 4.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 20.9 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.4 1.3 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 28.1 28.8 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 176.3 188.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 139.9 150.1 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.1 5.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.5 0.4 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 164.4 174.6 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 3.0 2.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.6 2.7 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,306 8,021 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 91.9 121.7 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 69.9 82.2 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 205 Syrian Arab Republic Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.5 20.4 2,519 Labor force (millions) 5.2 5.5 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.2 8.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,500 2,750 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.7 5.0 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.5 22.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.2 30.6 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.0 .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.3 46.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.2 4.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 11.2 11.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.4 35.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.6 35.8 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 134 Time to start a business (days) 43 13 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 80.0 80.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.1 4.1 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 43.3 39.7 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 10.3 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 68.8 61.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 7.6 20.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 61.8 118.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.4 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 583 455 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 2.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 18.8 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.9 9.7 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 32.6 47.6 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 46.2 55.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.8 22.5 40.1 Real interest rate (%) –3.5 3.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) –1.0 3.7 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 95.2 90.3 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,361 1,563 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 16.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.0 57.7 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.6 20.7 13.5 206 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.5 6.9 796 Labor force (millions) 2.5 2.8 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 800 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 10.1 6.9 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.0 21.3 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.3 22.0 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.7 9.5 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 44.7 56.6 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.1 6.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.1 4.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.0 15.2 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.8 61.1 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 147 Time to start a business (days) 80 24 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 30.0 30.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.7 1.7 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 79.9 84.5 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.9 2.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.5 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.2 11.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 71.5 33.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 1.3 21.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.3 28.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.4 16.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 25 196 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 0.3 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 18.8 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.0 7.0 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –6.6 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 15.9 0.8 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.4 9.2 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.2 .. 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 16.6 7.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.5 18.0 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,261 1,985 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 6.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.1 86.4 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 11.5 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 207 Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.8 44.8 796 Labor force (millions) 19.3 22.1 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 540 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.1 6.9 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.8 28.1 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.7 25.5 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.7 9.6 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.5 46.5 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.0 6.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,128.9 1,409.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.8 26.1 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 37.8 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 127 Time to start a business (days) 31 29 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 18.0 18.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 43.8 45.5 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.1 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.0 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 6.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 44.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.7 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 899 2,272 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.6 1.9 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 28.4 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 20.1 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 10.2 16.2 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 8.3 7.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.5 8.0 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.6 6.7 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 70 86 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 12.0 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.6 46.8 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.3 11.0 5.6 208 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Thailand East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 66.7 69.1 2,452 Labor force (millions) 37.9 39.4 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.3 1.2 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,560 4,150 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.5 3.0 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.3 12.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.0 44.7 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 34.7 35.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.8 43.0 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.5 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 40.2 31.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.6 71.3 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74.7 63.9 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 17 Time to start a business (days) 33 29 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 54.0 54.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.7 2.7 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 37.7 37.5 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.8 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 32.1 27.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.7 0.6 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 0.4 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 74.4 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.9 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 39.0 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 11,760 10,186 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.6 3.0 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.9 24.7 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.8 18.8 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.5 –0.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 27.3 28.8 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 114.2 110.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 101.4 97.4 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.9 11.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.1 3.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 100.7 116.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 1.2 2.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.9 4.9 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,878 2,045 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.3 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.7 103.6 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.0 21.2 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 209 Timor-Leste East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.0 1.1 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.34 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 730 2,220 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.5 6.9 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.1 6.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 168 Time to start a business (days) 157 103 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 28.3 0.2 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 3.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 2.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 1.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 2.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 39.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.9 15.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 15.5 1.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 15.9 10.2 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 14.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.3 53.4 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.2 13.5 210 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Togo Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.0 796 Labor force (millions) 2.5 2.9 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 490 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.5 2.9 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 43.5 .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.9 .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.1 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 32.6 .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.8 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.2 .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.0 .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 162 Time to start a business (days) 65 84 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 36.0 36.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 52.8 49.5 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.3 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.0 0.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 16.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 16.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 53.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 658 257 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 1.3 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –5.7 0.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 18.6 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.8 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.5 23.0 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.0 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 114 111 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 11.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.0 40.7 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.0 5.4 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 211 Tonga East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.10 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.04 0.04 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.1 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,470 3,290 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.1 0.4 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.0 20.3 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.2 17.8 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.2 7.5 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.8 61.9 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.3 3.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.9 1.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.0 13.4 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.9 60.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 58 Time to start a business (days) 32 16 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.7 2.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 27.5 25.7 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.3 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 1.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 33.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 8.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 32 .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 4.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.8 24.6 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 51.9 46.2 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.7 42.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 53.3 42.0 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 3.1 7.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 7.5 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 29.6 52.2 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.9 12.0 13.5 212 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Trinidad and Tobago High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.3 1.3 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.67 0.70 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.0 5.3 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,880 15,380 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.7 2.7 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.5 0.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 60.3 52.4 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.5 5.3 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.2 47.0 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.9 10.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.3 6.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.8 65.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.0 37.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 68 Time to start a business (days) 43 43 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 67.0 67.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 37.0 29.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.6 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.9 2.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.3 .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 5.7 –4.8 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 16.8 21.4 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 34.7 46.4 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.6 58.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 34.6 39.2 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –6.9 4.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 7.8 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,070 5,662 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 70.3 141.3 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 29.0 48.5 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 213 Tunisia Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.0 10.5 2,452 Labor force (millions) 3.4 3.8 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.2 14.2 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,200 4,160 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.4 4.6 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.1 8.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 32.3 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.3 18.0 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.7 59.7 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.0 4.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.9 48.7 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.3 54.0 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 46 Time to start a business (days) 11 11 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.3 1.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 61.0 62.9 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.2 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 5.5 9.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.8 1.2 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 781 4,706 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.2 3.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 24.3 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 20.7 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.8 –1.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 52.4 40.5 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 60.9 64.2 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 45.3 53.3 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.7 .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 20.9 12.1 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 58.3 68.8 83.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 65.8 75.2 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,205 1,311 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 56.6 105.4 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.5 36.6 34.1 214 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Turkey Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 68.1 72.8 2,452 Labor force (millions) 23.1 26.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.6 11.9 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,480 9,890 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.2 2.3 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.8 9.6 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.5 26.7 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.9 17.7 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.7 63.8 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.1 8.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.9 21.1 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.4 26.6 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 71 Time to start a business (days) 6 6 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 95.0 95.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 53.0 41.1 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 47.4 44.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 0.9 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.3 27.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 8.4 4.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 32.6 51.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 11.1 7.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 26.7 30.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 21,847 31,727 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 1.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 18.7 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 14.9 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.9 –2.2 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 51.5 50.5 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.9 69.8 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.9 51.8 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.4 13.4 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.0 3.8 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.2 44.0 83.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 88.7 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,007 2,298 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 4.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.0 84.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.5 39.8 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 215 Turkmenistan Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.7 5.0 2,519 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.2 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,650 3,790 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 16.7 10.8 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.8 12.0 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.6 54.0 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.7 .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.6 34.0 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.0 51.7 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.8 54.6 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 20 203 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 10.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.9 58.6 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.7 20.1 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,058 2,446 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.2 63.4 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 2.2 13.5 216 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Turks and Caicos Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.04 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.0 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 217 Tuvalu East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.01 0.01 2,519 Labor force (millions) .. .. 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,780 4,760 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.3 1.9 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –0.1 4.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.4 25.4 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 10.0 25.0 13.5 218 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 28.4 33.4 796 Labor force (millions) 11.5 13.4 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.0 4.2 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 300 500 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.9 8.1 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 26.7 24.2 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.0 25.5 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.5 8.3 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.3 50.3 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.4 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,780.7 2,177.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 24.0 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.8 34.3 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 123 Time to start a business (days) 34 34 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 18 16 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 13.0 13.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.2 2.2 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 35.8 35.7 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.3 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.2 11.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.7 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.5 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 7.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 33.0 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 15.5 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 502 3,125 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.1 4.8 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 23.5 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.2 17.8 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.8 –0.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 64.9 33.1 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 12.0 20.1 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.4 19.7 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.3 13.9 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.3 2.1 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.6 15.8 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 21.8 10.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.9 12.5 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 23.0 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 11.0 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.6 38.4 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.7 12.5 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 219 Ukraine Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 47.1 45.9 2,519 Labor force (millions) 23.2 23.2 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 8.8 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,540 3,000 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.0 0.3 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.4 8.2 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.3 30.9 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.6 17.3 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.3 60.9 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 13.6 9.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.1 7.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.5 50.2 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.6 53.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 152 Time to start a business (days) 34 24 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 13.0 13.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.9 2.9 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 57.3 57.1 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.2 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 27.6 19.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.8 0.6 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 8.0 11.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 49.5 28.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 25.0 32.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 33.5 47.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.9 13.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 3,423 5,218 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.1 4.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 19.0 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 17.7 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.4 –5.6 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 35.0 73.9 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 30.1 37.7 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.4 14.6 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.6 15.3 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.2 61.7 40.1 Real interest rate (%) –6.7 0.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.6 5.3 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 97.4 97.8 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,246 3,200 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 63.7 117.5 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.7 44.6 13.5 220 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development United Arab Emirates High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.1 7.5 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.5 4.9 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.1 4.0 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 42,280 41,930 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.8 2.8 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.4 1.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 56.1 53.9 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.7 10.2 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.3 46.1 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.7 3.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.6 77.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.0 68.8 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 33 Time to start a business (days) 19 13 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 84.0 84.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.1 5.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 14.4 14.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.0 1.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.4 23.8 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 15.2 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 72.1 .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 61.9 .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.9 17.7 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.3 5.6 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.8 72.5 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,826 11,464 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 111.4 145.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 40.0 78.0 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 221 United Kingdom High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 60.2 62.2 1,127 Labor force (millions) 30.6 31.8 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.6 7.8 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,850 38,200 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.9 0.1 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.7 0.7 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.5 21.7 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.3 11.4 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.9 77.6 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.0 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 0.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.4 30.1 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.8 32.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 7 Time to start a business (days) 13 13 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 22.0 22.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 35.8 37.3 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 333.7 330.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 8.3 8.0 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.8 2.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.7 14.9 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.0 –10.9 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 47.7 73.3 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 159.0 202.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.1 5.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.0 4.0 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 159.6 202.9 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.4 –2.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,289 5,692 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 108.7 130.3 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 70.0 84.7 73.4 222 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development United States High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 295.5 309.3 1,127 Labor force (millions) 152.9 157.5 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.1 9.6 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 44,660 47,340 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.5 0.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.2 1.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.1 20.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 12.8 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.6 78.9 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 1.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.4 12.6 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.1 16.2 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 4 Time to start a business (days) 6 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 46.0 46.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.6 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 1.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 14.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.8 –10.0 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 47.3 76.1 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 88.6 92.2 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 68.9 76.9 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.3 11.1 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.7 4.9 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 195.5 200.7 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.8 2.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 65.3 67.4 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 13,705 12,914 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 68.9 90.2 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 68.3 74.2 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 223 Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.3 3.4 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.6 1.7 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.2 7.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,740 10,230 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.0 5.8 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.4 8.6 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.1 26.5 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.1 14.2 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.5 64.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.7 6.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 24.5 20.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.4 26.9 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.5 26.1 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 90 Time to start a business (days) 45 7 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 31.0 31.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.1 2.1 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 71.4 42.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.6 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.5 4.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.5 2.1 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.0 11.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 0.6 1.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 6.9 13.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 38.6 15.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.8 10.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,063 200 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 4.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 19.9 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.2 13.7 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.5 –0.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 76.1 45.6 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 25.7 23.7 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 39.6 38.1 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.6 9.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.6 1.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.5 23.0 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 12.8 4.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.8 6.2 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.0 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,012 2,671 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.3 0.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 34.9 132.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 20.2 47.9 34.1 224 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 26.2 28.2 2,519 Labor force (millions) 10.5 12.1 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 530 1,280 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.3 8.6 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.0 19.5 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.2 35.4 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.1 9.0 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.9 45.1 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.9 31.5 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.7 30.9 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 166 Time to start a business (days) 29 14 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 22.0 22.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 96.7 97.5 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 1.1 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.7 14.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.8 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.5 11.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 63.0 52.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.2 8.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.3 28.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.4 1.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 286 2,072 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 2.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.0 26.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 22.8 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,711 1,636 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 6.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.8 74.2 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.3 19.4 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 225 Vanuatu East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.21 0.24 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.09 0.10 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 4.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,760 2,640 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.1 5.3 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.9 19.7 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 7.9 9.9 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.9 3.0 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.2 70.4 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.2 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 109.2 96.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.0 47.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.1 53.6 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 76 Time to start a business (days) 47 35 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 56.0 56.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.6 2.6 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 8.4 8.4 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.5 0.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.1 2.2 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 4.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 41.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 15.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 27.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 6 35 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.4 5.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.6 .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 52.4 .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 109.9 .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.8 65.8 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.0 4.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 4.3 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.0 118.9 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.1 8.0 13.5 226 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Venezuela, RB Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 26.6 28.8 2,452 Labor force (millions) 12.1 13.4 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.4 7.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,950 11,590 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.5 3.7 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.0 .. 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 57.8 .. 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.4 .. 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.2 .. 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 16.0 29.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.1 2.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.7 28.7 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.5 17.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 177 Time to start a business (days) 141 141 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 16 17 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) ..a ..a 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 51.1 63.5 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 33.6 27.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 6.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 35.7 35.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 25.4 14.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.5 25.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 3,425 3,043 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 0.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 17.5 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.0 9.6 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.2 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 16.0 24.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.3 27.6 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.6 9.9 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.2 3.4 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.1 18.9 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –9.9 –19.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 3.5 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,875 3,152 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.4 4.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 47.0 96.7 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 12.6 35.9 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 227 Vietnam East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 82.4 86.9 2,519 Labor force (millions) 46.4 51.1 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.1 2.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 630 1,160 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.5 6.9 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.0 20.6 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.0 41.1 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.6 19.7 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.0 38.3 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.3 8.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 15,858.9 18,612.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.4 77.5 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.5 87.8 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 98 Time to start a business (days) 50 44 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 87.0 87.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.0 40.1 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.2 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 0.8 4.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 78.7 33.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 29.4 21.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 12.4 29.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.4 16.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 3,077 3,011 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.7 7.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 32.9 35.6 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 74.3 135.2 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.2 14.5 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 65.9 125.0 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 2.6 1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.9 1.9 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 47.0 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 578 918 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.6 177.2 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 12.9 27.9 13.5 228 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Virgin Islands (U.S.) High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.05 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 73.3 .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 27.3 27.2 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 229 West Bank and Gaza Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.6 4.2 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.79 0.97 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 23.6 24.5 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,250 .. 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –0.9 .. 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.5 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.0 .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.2 .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 131 Time to start a business (days) 93 49 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 91.0 91.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 22.8 16.8 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.2 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 4.2 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 37.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.2 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 430 644 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 91.7 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.3 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.9 44.5 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.9 36.4 13.5 230 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Yemen, Rep. Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.6 24.1 2,519 Labor force (millions) 5.2 6.5 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.1 14.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 690 1,170 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.1 4.2 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 7.6 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 49.0 29.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.1 6.0 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.5 63.1 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.8 11.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 191.5 219.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.9 30.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.9 34.3 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 99 Time to start a business (days) 63 12 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 195.3 32.9 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 11.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 66.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 68.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 4.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 377 687 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –1.8 0.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 11.6 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.6 7.0 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 11.1 15.5 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.9 21.1 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.9 6.2 40.1 Real interest rate (%) –0.4 –0.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 5.2 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.7 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 179 219 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 54.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.0 46.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 12.3 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 231 Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.5 12.9 2,519 Labor force (millions) 5.0 5.5 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.9 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 500 1,070 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.8 6.3 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.3 9.2 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.6 37.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.9 9.2 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.1 53.6 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 18.3 8.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4,463.5 4,797.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.6 44.1 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.7 35.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 84 Time to start a business (days) 35 18 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 178.0 178.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.7 2.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 16.5 14.5 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 1.5 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.4 5.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.9 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.6 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.9 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.2 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 97.0 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.2 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 227 1,077 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.0 6.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.4 22.4 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 18.3 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –4.7 –1.5 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 12.4 16.8 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.4 19.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.4 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.7 11.5 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 9.6 8.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.0 13.5 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 717 635 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.6 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.3 42.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.9 10.1 13.5 232 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.6 12.6 796 Labor force (millions) 6.5 6.6 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 440 460 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –8.5 –3.7 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.6 16.0 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.7 26.8 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.4 13.7 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.7 57.2 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 302.1 .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 22.4 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.5 48.3 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.5 78.0 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 171 Time to start a business (days) 97 90 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 360.0 446.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 33.4 35.6 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.3 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 72 644 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 1.4 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 2.0 5.6 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 0.0 0.1 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 28.4 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.1 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.0 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.9 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.8 .. 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 219.3 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 144.6 .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 995 1,026 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.1 61.3 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.0 11.5 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 233 Note a. Laws ban dismissing workers on economic grounds. 234 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Glossary Agriculture value added is the net output of agriculture (International Stan- dard Industrial Classification divisions 1–5, including forestry and fishing) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Bank capital to asset ratio is the ratio of bank capital and reserves to total assets. Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjust- ments. Capital includes tier 1 capital (paid-up shares and common stock), which is a common feature in all countries’ banking systems, and total regulatory capital, which includes several specified types of subordinated debt instruments that need not be repaid if the funds are required to maintain minimum capital levels (these comprise tier 2 and tier 3 capital). Total assets include all nonfinancial and financial assets. (International Monetary Fund) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio is the value of non- performing loans divided by the total value of the loan portfolio (including nonperforming loans before the deduction of specific loan loss provisions). The loan amount recorded as nonperforming should be the gross value of the loan as recorded on the balance sheet, not just the amount that is overdue. (International Monetary Fund) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection is the average wait, in days, to obtain an electrical connection from the day an establishment applies for it to the day it receives the service. (World Bank) Deposit money banks’ assets are claims on the domestic real nonfinancial sector by deposit money banks. (International Monetary Fund) Domestic credit to the private sector is financial resources provided to the private sector—such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable—that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Ease of doing business index ranks economies from 1 to 183, with 1 being the best. A high ranking means that a country’s regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index ranks the simple average of a country’s percentile rankings on 10 topics covered in Doing Business 2012. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators. Data listed for 2010 are for June 2011. (World Bank) Electric power consumption is the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants minus transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants. (International Energy Agency) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 235 Glossary Exchange rate is the exchange rate determined by national authorities or the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated in local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar as an annual average based on monthly averages. (International Monetary Fund) Exports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of mer- chandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Firing cost is the cost of advance notice requirements, severance payments, and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weekly wages. One month is recorded as 4 1/3 weeks. Data listed for 2010 are for June 2011. (World Bank) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials are the percentage of firms that report that a gift or informal payment is expected or requested during a meeting with tax officials. (World Bank) Firms using banks to finance investments are the percentage of firms using banks to finance purchases of fixed assets. (World Bank) GDP growth is the annual percentage growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without deducting for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method, is gross national income (GNI) converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes minus any subsidies not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, the World Bank Atlas method is used; it averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country and the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (World Bank) 236 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Glossary Government cash surplus or deficit is revenue (including grants) minus expense and net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. (International Mon- etary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Government debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term con- tractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as loans, currency and money deposits, and securities other than shares. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed capital formation includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial build- ings. According to the 1993 System of National Accounts, net acquisition of valuables is also considered capital formation. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed private capital formation is gross outlays by the private sector (including private nonprofit organizations) on additions to its fixed domes- tic assets. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Imports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of mer- chandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Industry value added is the net output of industry (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 10–45, including mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, water, and gas) after totaling outputs and sub- tracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Inflation is the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used. (International Monetary Fund) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 237 Glossary Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. (International Monetary Fund) Internet users are individuals who have used the Internet (in any location) with a device such as a computer, smartphone, or digital television in the last 12 months via a fixed or mobile network. The Internet provides access to the worldwide network. (International Telecommunication Union) Investment in infrastructure with private participation is the value of infra- structure projects in telecommunications, energy (electricity and natural gas transmission and distribution), transport, and water and sanitation that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public, including operation and management contracts with major capital expen- diture, greenfield projects (in which a private entity or public-private joint venture builds and operates a new facility), and divestitures. Incinerators, movable assets, standalone solid waste projects, and small projects such as windmills are excluded. Data listed for 2005 and 2010 refer to total for the period 2000–05 and 2006–10. (World Bank) ISO certification ownership is the percentage of firms that have earned a quality certification recognized by the International Organization for Stan- dardization (ISO). (World Bank) Labor force is all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period, according to the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part- time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers and excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. (International Labour Organization and World Bank) Manufacturing value added is the net output of industries belonging to International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 15–37 after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Mobile cellular subscriptions are the number of subscriptions—including postpaid and prepaid subscriptions—to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched tele- phone network. It is calculated per 100 people. (International Telecom- munication Union) New business density is the number of newly registered limited liability corporations per 1,000 people ages 15–64. (World Bank) 238 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Glossary Paved roads are roads surfaced with concrete, cobblestones, or crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents. (Interna- tional Road Federation) Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship—except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally con- sidered part of the population of their country of origin. Data are midyear estimates. (World Bank) Power outages in a typical month are the average number of power outages that establishments experience in a typical month. (World Bank) Private foreign direct investment, net, is net inflows of private investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital, as shown in the balance of payments. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Procedures to start a business are the number of procedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Data listed for 2010 are for June 2011. (World Bank) Profit tax is the amount of taxes on profits paid by the business. For further details on the method, see the World Bank’s Doing Business 2012. Data listed for 2010 are for June 2011. (World Bank) Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as mea- sured by the GDP deflator. (International Monetary Fund and World Bank) Services value added is the net output of services (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 50–99) after totaling outputs and sub- tracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Time dealing with government officials is the percentage of management time in a given week spent on requirements imposed by government regula- tions (taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing, and registration). (World Bank) Time to resolve insolvency is the number of years from time of filing for insolvency in court until resolution of distressed assets and payment of creditors. Data listed for 2010 are for June 2011. (World Bank) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 239 Glossary Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for legally operating a business. If a procedure can be expedited at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. Data listed for 2010 are for June 2011. (World Bank) Total financial system deposits are the demand, time, and saving deposits in deposit money banks and other financial institutions. (International Monetary Fund) Total tax rate is the total amount of taxes payable by a business (except for labor taxes) after accounting for deductions and exemptions as a percentage of profit. For further details on the method used for assessing the total tax payable, see the World Bank’s Doing Business 2012. Data listed for 2010 are for June 2011. (World Bank) Unemployment rate is the share of the labor force without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. (International Labour Organization) 240 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 1818 H Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 USA Telephone: 202 473 1000 Fax: 202 477 6391 ISBN 978-0-8213-8995-9 Web site: data.worldbank.org SKU 18995 Email: data@worldbank.org AFGHANISTAN ALBANIA ALGERIA AMERICAN SAMOA ANDORRA ANGOLA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ARGENTINA ARMENIA ARUBA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA AZERBAIJAN THE BAHAMAS BAHRAIN BANGLADESH BARBADOS BELARUS BELGIUM BELIZE BENIN BERMUDA BHUTAN BOLIVIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BOTSWANA BRAZIL BRUNEI DARUSSALAM BULGARIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMBODIA CAMEROON CANADA CAPE VERDE CAYMAN ISLANDS CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD CHANNEL ISLANDS CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA COMOROS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC C OF CONGO REPUBLIC OF CONGO COSTA RICA CÔTE D’IVOIRE CROATIA CUBA CURA¸AO CYPRUS ¸ CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK DJIBOUTI DOMINICA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ECUADOR ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT EL SALVADOR EQUATORIAL GUINEA ERITREA ESTONIA ETHIOPIA FAEROE ISLANDS FIJI FINLAND FRANCE FRENCH POLYNESIA GABON THE GAMBIA GEORGIA GERMANY GHANA GIBRALTAR GREECE GREENLAND GRENADA GUAM GUATEMALA GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU GUYANA HAITI HONDURAS HONG KONG SAR, CHINA HUNGARY ICELAND INDIA INDONESIA ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN IRAQ IRELAND ISLE OF MAN ISRAEL ITALY JAMAICA JAPAN JORDAN KAZAKHSTAN KENYA KIRIBATI DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA REPUBLIC OF KOREA KOSOVO KUWAIT KYRGYZ REPUBLIC LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC LATVIA LEBANON LESOTHO LIBERIA LIBYA LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG MACAO SAR, CHINA FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALAYSIA MALDIVES MALI MALTA MARSHALL ISLANDS MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MAYOTTE MEXICO FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA MOLDOVA MONACO MONGOLIA MONTENEGRO MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR NAMIBIA NEPAL NETHERLANDS NEW CALEDONIA NEW ZEALAND NICARAGUA NIGER NIGERIA NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS NORWAY OMAN PAKISTAN PALAU PANAMA PAPUA NEW GUINEA PARAGUAY PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL PUERTO RICO QATAR ROMANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION RWANDA SAMOA SAN MARINO SÃO TOMÉ AND PR�?NCIPE SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SERBIA SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SINGAPORE SINT MAARTEN SLOVAK REPUBLIC SLOVENIA SOLOMON ISLANDS SOMALIA SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH SUDAN SPAIN SRI LANKA ST. KITTS AND NEVIS ST. LUCIA ST. MARTIN ST. VINCENT AND GRENADINES SUDAN SURINAME SWAZILAND SWEDEN SWITZERLAND SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC TAJIKISTAN TANZANIA THAILAND TIMOR-LESTE TOGO TONGA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TUNISIA TURKEY TURKMENISTAN TURKS AND CAICOS UGANDA UKRAINE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES URUGUAY UZBEKISTAN VANUATU REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA VIETNAM U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS WEST BANK AND GAZA REPUBLIC OF YEMEN ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE