From World Development Indicators 70596 The Little Data Book on Private Sector 12 Development Economic and social context Investment climate Private sector investment Finance and banking Infrastructure 2012 THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT Copyright © 2012 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing June 2012 ISBN: 978-0-8213-8995-9 eISBN: 978-0-8213-9521-9 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8995-9 SKU: 18995 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency of the World Bank. Design by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C. Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, U.K. Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Regional tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Note. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 iii Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 is based on World Development Indicators 2012 and its accompanying CD-ROM, with a focus on the private sector in development. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the World Bank’s Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency. The Development Data Group team included Liu Cui, Buyant Erdene Khaltarkhuu, William Prince, and Jomo Tariku. The Investment Climate Department’s team included Ryan Hahn and Nathalie David. The work was carried out under the management of Shaida Badiee, director of the Development Data Group, and Pierre Guislain, director of the Investment Climate Department. Azita Amjadi and Alison Kwong coordinated all stages of production. Staff from External Affairs oversaw publication and dissemination of the book. iv 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Preface Access to reliable cross-country data on private sector development is crucial when formulating responses to economic crises. When downturns affect exports, investment, and growth negatively, making life easier for business is a significant step towards economic recovery. This has become obvious during the global financial crisis as governments have tried to stimulate economic growth through the creation of more robust private and finance markets. Improving the investment climate facilitates economic adjustment as it helps attract capital to create jobs and provide basic services. Unsurprisingly, the availability of cross-country data on the business environment has rapidly expanded in recent years, including data from the World Bank Group’s Doing Business project, Enterprise Surveys, and the Entrepreneurship Snapshots. The data sources presented in this book report on the scope and types of regulations that enhance—and constrain—business activity and provide information on business owners’ assessment of the business environment. The data have led to new research, enabled benchmarking, and informed the reform process in many developing countries. For more information, please visit the Business Environment Snapshots at http://rru.worldbank .org/besnapshots/. Included in this guide are indicators on the economic and social context, the investment climate, private sector investment, finance and banking, and infrastructure. Though a pocket guide cannot include all relevant variables, the indicators that are included provide users with a general understanding of the private sector in each country. Indicators displayed in the tables are defined in the Glossary, which also lists data sources. We welcome your suggestions on how to improve future editions and make them more useful. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 v Data notes The data in this book are for 2005 and 2010 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in the table or the Glossary. • Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted. • Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only. • Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified. Symbols used: .. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data. 0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. $ indicates current U.S. dollars. Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. vi 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, República Bolivariana de Venezuela Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 1 World 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6,503.6 6,894.6 Labor force (millions) 3,028.6 3,223.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,099 9,071 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.8 1.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.1 2.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.1 25.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.6 15.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.8 71.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.8 27.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.9 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 50 31 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 52.2 51.2 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.1 2.9 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 53.3 44.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.6 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 19.3 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.8 –7.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 110.5 122.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 82.1 89.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.6 9.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 4.0 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 132.0 134.4 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.6 6.2 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 45.0 64.9 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,656 2,803 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 34.0 78.2 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.8 30.2 2 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development East Asia & Pacific 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,892.7 1,961.6 Labor force (millions) 1,061.0 1,118.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.0 4.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,617 3,696 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.5 9.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.5 11.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.9 45.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 31.1 28.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.6 43.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.9 37.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.0 33.1 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 57 39 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 55.4 56.7 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 3.2 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.1 36.2 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.9 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 92,839 70,512 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.7 3.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.3 39.6 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.6 22.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 109.9 125.7 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.0 56.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 99.9 116.3 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 6.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 16.0 30.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,474 2,095 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.4 73.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.4 29.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 3 Europe & Central Asia 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 399.2 405.2 Labor force (millions) 182.5 191.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 9.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,709 7,272 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.1 3.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.8 7.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.6 32.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.9 17.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.6 60.6 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.7 30.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.1 30.6 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 37 16 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 25.6 25.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.9 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 56.9 41.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.2 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.0 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 55,441 135,012 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.1 2.8 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 21.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 18.4 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 3.9 –2.2 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 34.5 54.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 28.5 41.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.2 13.6 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.6 12.2 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.4 46.2 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 6.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.2 85.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,716 3,859 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 61.8 124.3 Internet users (per 100 people) 12.9 39.3 4 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latin America & Caribbean 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 549.7 582.6 Labor force (millions) 252.2 278.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.4 7.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,411 7,741 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.6 3.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.1 6.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.7 31.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.4 16.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.2 62.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.3 22.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.8 22.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 78 57 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 58.6 55.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.5 3.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 50.3 47.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.2 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 143,219 202,542 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 2.4 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 19.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.7 15.1 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 47.0 59.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.7 43.6 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.1 10.1 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.6 2.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.0 41.7 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.9 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 26.3 22.5 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,736 1,892 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 43.1 98.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 16.5 34.0 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 5 Middle East & North Africa 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 303.6 331.3 Labor force (millions) 95.4 104.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.9 10.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,195 3,874 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.1 4.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.9 .. Industry value added (% of GDP) 43.0 .. Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.3 .. Services value added (% of GDP) 46.0 .. Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.5 .. Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.9 .. Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 39 23 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 54.8 54.8 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.5 3.5 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 56.6 40.6 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.5 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 13,435 29,970 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 .. Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.8 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.1 –3.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.4 60.1 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.1 64.9 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.3 35.0 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 5.0 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.2 75.2 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,305 1,497 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 22.2 86.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.3 20.9 6 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development South Asia 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,517.3 1,633.1 Labor force (millions) 614.2 638.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 687 1,176 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.5 7.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.3 19.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.9 26.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.9 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.8 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.1 20.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.9 24.7 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 38 23 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 111.4 75.8 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.2 3.4 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.0 44.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.6 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 44,251 204,075 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.2 27.1 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 19.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.1 –3.8 Government debt (% of GDP) 61.2 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 55.2 65.6 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.7 61.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.4 7.3 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.3 10.5 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 37.7 45.8 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 5.9 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 55.7 53.9 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 421 517 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.7 58.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.5 8.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 7 Sub-Saharan Africa 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 754.6 853.4 Labor force (millions) 295.9 340.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 770 1,188 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.5 4.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.6 10.7 Industry value added (% of GDP) 31.7 30.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.2 12.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.8 58.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 31.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.9 33.6 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 60 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 64.3 66.2 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.4 3.4 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 71.3 57.3 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.5 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.2 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 24,622 52,365 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 2.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.2 20.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 12.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.3 –1.0 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 41.7 56.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 33.8 42.0 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 62.2 64.8 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 9.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.3 18.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 532 511 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.0 44.9 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.3 11.3 8 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy in The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,005 or less in 2010. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,005 but less than $12,276. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle- income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,975. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,276 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 9 Low income 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 718.2 796.3 Labor force (millions) 319.9 363.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.7 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.8 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.7 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.6 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.5 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.3 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 61 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 60.8 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.8 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 83.9 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 4,646 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.3 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.5 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 29.5 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 27.9 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.4 29.7 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 18.0 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 214 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.6 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 5.6 10 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Middle income 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4,698.8 4,970.8 Labor force (millions) 2,181.3 2,308.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,919 3,726 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.1 9.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.5 35.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.3 20.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.4 54.9 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 28.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 27.8 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 56 36 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 55.0 52.8 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.2 3.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 48.3 41.1 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.5 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 401,503 697,249 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 2.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 27.1 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.0 18.3 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 65.8 86.7 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.4 51.4 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 10.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.2 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 54.0 73.6 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.1 6.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 37.7 53.5 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,373 1,675 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.9 78.0 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.9 23.8 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 11 Lower middle income 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2,330.1 2,518.7 Labor force (millions) 935.9 994.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 896 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.5 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.7 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.6 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.4 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.7 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.1 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 54 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 64.8 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.4 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 48.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 90,218 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.1 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.8 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 45.7 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 43.7 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 16.5 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 32.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.4 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 31.3 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 554 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.5 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.9 13.5 12 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Upper middle income 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2,368.7 2,452.1 Labor force (millions) 1,245.4 1,314.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.9 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,925 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.4 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.2 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.2 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.9 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 58 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 45.2 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.1 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 48.8 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 301,287 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.5 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.2 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 71.5 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.7 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 60.1 83.2 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.4 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 49.4 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,171 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.1 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 11.9 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 13 Low and middle income 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5,417.0 5,767.2 Labor force (millions) 2,501.2 2,672.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,710 3,288 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.7 9.9 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.1 35.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.1 20.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.2 54.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.1 28.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.7 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 57 35 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 56.4 55.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.4 3.2 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 56.6 47.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.6 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 326,012 697,912 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 2.6 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.0 27.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.0 18.2 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 65.1 86.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.1 51.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.1 3.9 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 53.3 72.9 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 7.3 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.3 44.8 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,255 1,525 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 23.9 71.8 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.0 21.5 14 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development High income 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,086.6 1,127.4 Labor force (millions) 527.3 550.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.7 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 33,982 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.2 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.2 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.9 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.7 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 27 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 38.3 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.3 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 42.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.9 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 47.0 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 122.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 93.9 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.8 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.9 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 153.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.8 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.4 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 9,399 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 83.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 59.1 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 15 Euro area 2005 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 324.2 331.8 Labor force (millions) 153.8 159.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 10.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 31,697 38,565 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.4 0.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 1.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.4 26.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.3 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.6 72.0 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.0 40.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.3 39.2 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) 29 12 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 32.2 36.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.7 1.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 52.7 44.5 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.8 New businesses registered (thousands) New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.1 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.3 3.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 19.0 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.1 –5.2 Government debt (% of GDP) 59.5 70.5 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 126.2 155.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 85.4 109.3 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.9 6.2 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.3 4.4 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 109.3 133.6 Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.8 87.3 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,840 6,592 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 97.6 122.4 Internet users (per 100 people) 51.2 71.2 16 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Country tables China Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Cyprus GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the area controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. Georgia GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP exclude Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available. Moldova GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP exclude Transnistria. Morocco GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP include Former Spanish Sahara. Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles ceased to exist on October 10, 2010. Curacao and St. Maarten became countries within the Kingdom of Netherlands. Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba became special municipalities of the Netherlands. South Sudan and Sudan Data are shown separately for South Sudan where available. However, data reported for Sudan include South Sudan unless otherwise noted. Tanzania GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to mainland Tanzania only. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2012 or data. worldbank.org. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 17 Afghanistan South Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 29.9 34.4 796 Labor force (millions) 7.6 9.1 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 230 410 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 12.4 10.7 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 39.5 29.9 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 22.2 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.7 13.1 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.2 47.9 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.7 0.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 49.5 46.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.2 15.5 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 71.3 53.6 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 160 Time to start a business (days) 9 7 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 30.0 30.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 36.4 36.4 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 28.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 1.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 45.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 8.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 468 1,040 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 0.4 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 31.3 16.3 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.7 7.4 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.9 1.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.4 10.5 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 15.2 11.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 27.5 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 20.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.0 37.8 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 3.7 5.6 18 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Albania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.1 3.2 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.5 13.8 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,580 3,960 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.3 5.3 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.8 20.2 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.5 19.3 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.7 19.3 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.7 60.5 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 3.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 99.9 103.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.3 29.8 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.3 51.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 82 Time to start a business (days) 41 5 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 56.0 56.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 58.2 38.5 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.7 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.2 2.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.8 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 82.0 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 37.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 25.6 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 19.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,676 1,471 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.1 9.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.6 25.9 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 20.4 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.0 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 42.1 61.6 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 52.1 57.6 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.4 8.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.3 13.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.9 38.0 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 9.3 9.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 6.4 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.0 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,209 1,747 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 37.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 48.7 141.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.0 45.0 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 19 Algeria Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 32.9 35.5 2,452 Labor force (millions) 10.0 11.2 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 15.3 11.4 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,720 4,390 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.1 2.6 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.2 6.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 61.3 62.1 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.9 5.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 30.5 31.0 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.4 3.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 73.3 74.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.6 30.8 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.3 21.5 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 148 Time to start a business (days) 25 25 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 14 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 76.9 72.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.6 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 10.3 10.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.4 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 25.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 15.0 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 49.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.0 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 5,015 6,323 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.3 38.3 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.5 10.2 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 13.2 –4.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 33.6 33.3 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.8 43.9 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 12.1 15.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –7.3 –7.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 6.3 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 70.2 74.0 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 898 971 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 4.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 41.5 92.4 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.8 12.5 34.1 20 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development American Samoa East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.07 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 38 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 83.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.6 .. 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 21 Andorra High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.08 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 32,650 41,750 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.1 3.7 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 82.9 77.2 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 37.6 81.0 73.4 22 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Angola Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.5 19.1 2,519 Labor force (millions) 6.1 7.1 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,330 3,960 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 9.9 12.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.7 9.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 72.6 62.5 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.5 5.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 19.8 27.6 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 23.0 14.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 87.2 91.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 79.3 56.8 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.4 43.3 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 172 Time to start a business (days) 119 68 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 58.0 58.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 6.2 6.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 53.2 53.2 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.6 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.1 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.8 34.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 2.1 13.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 60.2 7.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.1 21.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 324 1,725 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –4.3 –3.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.1 14.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 3.0 2.4 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 9.0 26.0 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 12.4 20.2 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.0 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.4 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.1 20.3 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 25.2 –0.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 54.3 9.8 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 129 202 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 7.6 5.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 9.8 46.7 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 10.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 23 Antigua and Barbuda Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,000 13,280 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.4 0.8 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.0 1.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.7 18.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.1 1.8 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 81.2 79.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.1 3.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.7 44.1 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.6 53.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 57 Time to start a business (days) 31 21 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 52.0 52.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 52.1 41.5 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.0 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 6 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 21.6 8.0 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.9 17.8 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 88.1 102.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 105.9 103.9 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 60.3 75.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 4.8 8.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 7.6 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 33.0 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.5 190.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 34.7 80.6 34.1 24 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Argentina Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.7 40.4 2,452 Labor force (millions) 17.7 18.4 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.6 8.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,460 8,620 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.2 6.4 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.4 10.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.6 30.9 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.2 20.5 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.0 59.1 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.6 10.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.9 3.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.1 21.7 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 18.4 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 113 Time to start a business (days) 30 26 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 14 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 165.0 95.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.8 2.8 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 108.1 108.2 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 2.8 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 13.5 11.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.5 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 14.1 20.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.3 8.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 6.9 30.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 46.2 54.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 26.9 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 10,659 11,198 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 1.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 22.0 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.1 .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.5 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 30.3 24.8 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.2 21.4 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 11.9 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.2 1.8 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.7 14.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –2.5 –4.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.4 1.4 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.0 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,422 2,759 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.0 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 57.3 141.8 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 17.7 36.0 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 25 Armenia Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.1 3.1 2,519 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.4 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 28.4 28.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,470 3,200 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 12.3 3.3 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.9 19.6 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.3 36.0 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.8 10.7 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.8 44.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.6 8.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 457.7 373.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.8 20.6 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.2 44.8 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 55 Time to start a business (days) 18 8 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 3 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 13.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.9 1.9 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 38.7 40.9 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.8 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.5 2.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.2 1.3 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.1 10.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 70.5 13.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 44.6 31.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 2.5 16.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.3 26.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 454 1,429 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 6.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.8 33.1 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.0 –4.9 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 9.5 27.8 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 9.8 16.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 21.5 20.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.9 3.0 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.0 26.5 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 14.3 9.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.2 10.3 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 90.0 93.6 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,479 1,550 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.4 125.0 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.3 44.0 13.5 26 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Aruba High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.11 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.7 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –0.8 .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 13.7 .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 57.7 65.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.3 69.2 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.0 .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 9.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.6 8.1 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.4 122.0 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 25.4 41.8 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 27 Australia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.4 22.3 1,127 Labor force (millions) 10.6 11.8 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.0 5.2 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 30,440 46,200 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.4 2.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 2.3 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.8 19.8 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.8 9.3 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.0 77.9 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.0 19.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.6 20.1 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 15 Time to start a business (days) 2 2 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 2 2 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 52.8 47.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 88.3 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.4 .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –5.1 2.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.8 28.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.3 –2.4 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 22.3 24.1 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 104.8 127.1 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 72.6 97.6 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.2 5.7 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.2 2.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 108.3 131.1 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 7.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 3.1 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 41.6 43.5 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 11,120 11,113 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 90.3 100.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 63.0 75.9 73.4 28 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Austria High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.2 8.4 1,127 Labor force (millions) 4.1 4.3 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.2 4.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 37,210 47,030 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.7 1.1 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.6 1.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.3 29.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.4 19.1 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.1 69.4 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.8 54.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.9 49.7 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 32 Time to start a business (days) 28 28 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 2.0 2.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.1 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 58.6 53.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.6 3.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.6 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 26.8 –6.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 20.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.0 –2.6 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 67.5 70.5 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 129.6 136.1 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 89.1 96.9 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.8 7.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.6 2.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 115.6 122.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,978 7,944 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 105.3 145.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 58.0 72.7 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 29 Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.4 9.1 2,452 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.6 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 6.0 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,270 5,330 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 12.7 15.8 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.9 5.8 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 63.6 64.7 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 5.8 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 26.5 29.5 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.7 5.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.9 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.9 55.1 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.9 20.4 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 66 Time to start a business (days) 113 8 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 22.0 22.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.7 2.7 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 46.4 40.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 12.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 5.5 5.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 0.9 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.2 3.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 68.4 43.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 0.4 19.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 2.0 9.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.3 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 731 1,408 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 12.7 1.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 41.3 17.0 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 37.5 5.9 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. 0.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 11.5 22.9 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.0 12.1 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 21.5 .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.5 18.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 0.8 8.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.5 9.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 50.6 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,407 1,620 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.7 100.5 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.2 46.7 34.1 30 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bahamas, The High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.32 0.34 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.17 0.20 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.2 14.2 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 24,410 22,240 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.3 –0.8 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.2 2.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.4 14.4 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.5 4.3 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 82.4 83.6 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.2 42.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.0 51.2 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 85 Time to start a business (days) 31 31 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 26.0 26.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 46.1 47.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 3.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 10.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 14.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 31.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.3 11.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.2 20.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.4 –3.2 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 30.0 44.2 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 79.7 97.4 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.4 75.2 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 64.3 85.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 0.5 8.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.3 2.1 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 71.3 124.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 25.0 43.0 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 31 Bahrain High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.72 1.3 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.34 0.71 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 17,400 18,730 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.1 7.2 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.6 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 99.5 96.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.4 74.3 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 38 Time to start a business (days) 9 9 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 15.0 15.0 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.8 1.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 31.9 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 7.6 .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 23.6 .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 62.6 94.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 64.6 86.2 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.8 79.6 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –3.0 –3.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 6.0 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 80.3 82.1 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 11,667 9,214 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 105.8 124.2 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.3 55.0 73.4 32 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bangladesh South Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 140.6 148.7 796 Labor force (millions) 65.2 72.3 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 5.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 480 700 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.4 6.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.1 18.6 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.2 28.5 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.5 17.9 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.6 53.0 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.0 8.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 64.3 69.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 16.6 18.4 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.0 25.0 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 122 Time to start a business (days) 50 19 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 104.0 104.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 35.3 35.0 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.7 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 54.4 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 50.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,796 4,591 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 0.9 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.5 24.4 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 19.4 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.1 –1.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 36.2 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 49.9 63.2 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 39.8 51.7 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.7 6.5 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 13.2 11.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 33.8 47.1 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 6.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 5.9 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.5 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 175 252 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 101.6 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 6.4 46.2 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 3.7 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 33 Barbados High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.27 0.27 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.15 0.16 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.1 8.1 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,000 12,660 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.2 –0.2 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.8 3.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.4 23.2 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.3 .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 77.9 73.8 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.1 5.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.4 47.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.3 52.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.9 16.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 14.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –10.4 –5.6 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 91.6 92.7 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 98.4 114.1 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 108.5 130.3 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 92.5 102.9 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.9 5.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 6.0 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.2 127.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 56.1 70.0 73.4 34 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Belarus Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.8 9.5 2,452 Labor force (millions) 4.7 4.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,780 5,950 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.6 7.1 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.8 9.2 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.8 43.9 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 33.1 31.2 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.5 46.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.3 7.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,153.8 2,978.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.8 54.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.1 68.3 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 69 Time to start a business (days) 79 5 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 16 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 22.0 22.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.8 5.8 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 137.5 62.8 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.2 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.6 5.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.8 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.1 13.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 26.4 6.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 18.9 35.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.3 15.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.0 13.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 735 5,143 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 2.6 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.5 38.7 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 34.6 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.2 –1.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 6.6 18.7 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 20.8 52.9 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.0 26.2 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 19.8 13.7 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.1 3.5 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.9 44.8 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –6.4 –0.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.1 0.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 88.6 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,208 3,299 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 41.9 108.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 16.3 32.1 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 35 Belgium High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.5 10.9 1,127 Labor force (millions) 4.7 4.9 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.4 8.3 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 36,600 45,840 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.6 0.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.8 0.7 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.0 21.8 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.1 14.0 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.1 77.5 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.8 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 78.7 80.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74.8 77.3 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 28 Time to start a business (days) 34 4 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 16.0 16.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 0.9 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 60.2 57.3 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 5.2 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 25.5 29.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.7 4.3 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.9 15.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 20.2 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.7 –3.3 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 89.3 91.8 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 103.2 116.2 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 99.7 107.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 2.7 5.0 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.0 2.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 73.8 94.9 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.3 8.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.2 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.2 78.2 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,510 7,903 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 91.7 111.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 59.4 73.7 73.4 36 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Belize Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.29 0.35 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.11 0.14 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 8.2 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,580 3,810 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.7 2.3 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.3 12.2 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.4 22.8 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.1 14.3 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.3 65.1 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.6 0.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.0 2.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.6 62.1 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.7 70.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 93 Time to start a business (days) 45 44 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 24.0 24.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 34.7 33.2 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.8 0.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.6 3.0 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 280 220 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.4 6.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 25.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 56.6 67.2 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 52.7 69.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 53.0 62.2 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 11.5 12.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 6.1 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.9 56.3 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.9 12.6 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 37 Benin Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.6 8.9 796 Labor force (millions) 3.0 3.6 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 0.7 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 570 780 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.9 4.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.2 .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.4 .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.5 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.4 .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.4 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.5 14.1 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.1 27.7 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 175 Time to start a business (days) 31 29 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 36.0 36.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 75.8 66.0 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.5 20.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 21.2 26.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.3 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 71.7 86.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 2.7 7.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 707 794 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.2 1.7 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 25.8 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.2 15.9 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.6 –1.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 16.5 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.7 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.6 23.1 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.5 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 77 91 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 13.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.8 79.9 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.3 3.1 5.6 38 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bermuda High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.3 0.3 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.8 0.8 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 10.4 7.8 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 88.7 91.4 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.9 26.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.6 36.1 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 3.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 82.9 136.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 66.0 84.7 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 39 Bhutan South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.66 0.73 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.36 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.1 4.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,070 1,870 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.3 8.8 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.2 18.7 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.3 43.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.4 8.4 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.5 38.1 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.3 2.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.1 45.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.1 64.7 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.8 72.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 142 Time to start a business (days) 62 36 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 10.0 10.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.8 40.8 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 36.3 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.0 0.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 16.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 2.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 64.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 14.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 5.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 219 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 1.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 49.9 41.3 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 39.8 29.8 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.0 0.5 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 79.5 56.8 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 19.2 37.8 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.6 69.3 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 9.3 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 5.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.2 43.3 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.5 .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 62.0 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.5 54.3 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.8 13.6 13.5 40 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.1 9.9 2,519 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.6 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,030 1,810 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.1 4.7 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.4 12.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.0 37.3 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 13.9 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.6 49.9 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.4 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.1 7.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 41.2 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.1 34.3 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 153 Time to start a business (days) 50 50 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 15 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) ..a ..a 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 80.0 80.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.5 2.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.3 0.4 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 13.5 28.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 19.6 3.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 22.2 27.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.2 21.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 13.8 22.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,422 422 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –2.5 3.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 16.6 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 6.1 7.1 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.7 .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 43.6 38.6 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.4 44.7 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.3 8.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.3 2.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.0 40.3 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 10.1 1.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 8.9 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.9 7.9 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 477 558 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.8 3.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.5 72.3 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.2 20.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 41 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.8 3.8 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 31.8 27.2 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,000 4,770 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.0 3.2 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 7.6 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.1 28.0 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.3 13.7 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.4 64.4 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.1 2.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.6 1.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.7 35.9 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.9 56.7 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 125 Time to start a business (days) 63 40 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 31.0 31.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 44.1 25.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.1 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 1.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 0.6 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.1 11.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 67.6 1.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 38.1 59.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.8 50.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.4 30.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 2,011 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.6 1.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.9 17.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.7 10.8 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.1 –2.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 37.9 48.5 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.2 40.8 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.4 17.6 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.3 11.4 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 43.9 64.1 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 7.3 6.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 4.7 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 52.3 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,380 2,867 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 42.2 82.7 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.3 52.0 34.1 42 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.9 2.0 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.92 1.0 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 17.6 .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,070 6,740 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.8 2.4 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 2.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 50.6 45.1 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.7 4.0 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.6 52.4 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.6 6.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.1 6.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.2 32.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.5 39.7 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 54 Time to start a business (days) 108 61 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 90.0 90.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.2 1.7 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 17.2 19.4 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.0 10.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.5 8.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.3 32.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 25.5 39.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.7 21.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 104 243 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.8 1.8 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.5 26.3 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 13.1 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 19.8 24.0 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.5 39.8 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.1 23.4 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.8 –2.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 5.9 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 32.6 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,421 1,503 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.7 4.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.1 117.8 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.3 6.0 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 43 Brazil Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 186.0 194.9 2,452 Labor force (millions) 94.5 101.6 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 8.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,960 9,390 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.8 4.2 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.7 5.8 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.3 26.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.1 15.8 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.0 67.4 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.9 5.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.4 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.1 11.2 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.5 12.1 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 126 Time to start a business (days) 152 119 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 46.0 46.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 10.0 4.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 69.1 67.1 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.4 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 243.6 315.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.9 2.4 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.2 18.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 16.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 27.8 48.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 36.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 25.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 71,479 117,997 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 2.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.9 18.4 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.4 15.7 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.6 –3.5 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 55.8 61.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 73.6 89.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 51.3 63.6 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 11.1 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 3.1 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 31.4 56.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 44.9 30.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 37.8 31.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,020 2,206 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.4 104.1 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.0 40.7 34.1 44 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Brunei Darussalam High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.36 0.40 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.18 0.20 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 23,210 31,800 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.2 0.0 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.9 0.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 71.6 74.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.3 13.7 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 27.5 25.3 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.2 0.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 70.2 78.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.3 27.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 83 Time to start a business (days) 116 101 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 18 15 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 37.4 16.8 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.3 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 3.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.4 13.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 12.3 26.5 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.9 69.7 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 40.3 44.5 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –11.2 35.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.5 5.0 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 78.4 81.1 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,672 8,662 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.1 109.0 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 36.5 50.0 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 45 Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.7 7.5 2,452 Labor force (millions) 3.4 3.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.1 10.2 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,640 6,280 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.5 2.6 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.1 5.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.0 31.4 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.3 16.2 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 61.9 63.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.0 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.6 1.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.5 57.8 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.6 59.7 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 59 Time to start a business (days) 32 18 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 9.0 9.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 46.0 28.1 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.3 35.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.7 7.2 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.0 10.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 42.6 6.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 37.7 34.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 22.1 44.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.1 19.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 5,587 5,202 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 14.9 4.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.7 23.5 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 18.7 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 3.2 –0.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.9 78.3 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.5 60.6 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 10.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.2 11.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 41.0 74.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 1.2 8.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.6 7.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 98.4 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,122 4,401 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.9 3.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 80.7 135.4 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 20.0 46.0 34.1 46 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 14.2 16.5 796 Labor force (millions) 6.4 7.5 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.7 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 550 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.1 5.0 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.1 .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.7 .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.6 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.2 .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.4 –0.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.0 .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 150 Time to start a business (days) 40 13 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 3 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 34.0 34.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 47.6 43.6 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.5 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.5 22.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 19.5 6.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 23.1 25.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 19.6 23.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.4 14.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 42 980 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 0.4 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.4 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.1 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –5.4 –5.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 16.6 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.6 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.6 17.6 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 4.2 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 10.1 10.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.5 34.7 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 1.4 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 47 Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.3 8.4 796 Labor force (millions) 3.5 4.3 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 100 170 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.2 4.1 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.8 .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.0 .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.1 .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 13.5 6.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,081.6 1,230.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.4 .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.3 .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 169 Time to start a business (days) 14 14 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 26.0 26.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 278.7 46.2 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 37.4 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 22.6 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 12.3 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 24.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.1 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 54 .. 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 0.0 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.7 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 19.2 27.9 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.0 31.6 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 22.3 25.5 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 1.6 4.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.4 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 12.0 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.1 13.7 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 2.1 5.6 48 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cambodia East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.4 14.1 796 Labor force (millions) 6.9 8.0 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 1.7 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 750 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 9.1 6.4 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.4 36.0 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.4 23.3 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.8 15.6 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.2 40.7 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.3 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4,092.5 4,184.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.1 54.1 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.7 59.5 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 138 Time to start a business (days) 86 85 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 39.0 39.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 6.0 6.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 22.6 22.5 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.9 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.5 2.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.6 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 60.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.3 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 2.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 343 2,939 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 7.0 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 16.2 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 9.7 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.0 –3.7 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 8.7 27.1 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.3 35.7 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.0 27.6 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 6.3 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 57 131 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 27.0 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.0 57.6 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 1.3 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 49 Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 17.6 19.6 2,519 Labor force (millions) 7.1 8.2 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 930 1,200 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.8 2.9 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.5 .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.4 .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.7 .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.1 .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.0 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.5 28.9 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.5 32.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 161 Time to start a business (days) 45 15 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 33.0 33.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.2 3.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 50.9 49.1 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 29.9 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 12.8 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 65.4 30.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.5 31.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 78.9 17.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.4 20.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 486 1,842 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 0.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.2 12.6 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 10.8 10.0 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.1 15.1 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.7 11.9 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 14.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.7 .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 17.4 17.0 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 188 271 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 12.7 10.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.8 44.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.4 4.0 13.5 50 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Canada High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 32.3 34.1 1,127 Labor force (millions) 17.8 19.0 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.8 8.0 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 33,110 43,250 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.5 0.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.8 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.4 .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.0 .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.2 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.2 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.8 29.4 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.1 31.3 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 13 Time to start a business (days) 3 5 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 2 1 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 28.0 28.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 0.8 0.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.1 28.8 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.3 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 160.0 174.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 7.2 7.6 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.3 1.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 22.1 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.8 –2.0 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 47.0 52.6 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 148.6 176.7 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 149.5 123.0 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.6 4.7 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.5 1.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 178.2 128.2 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 1.1 –0.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.6 2.6 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.9 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 17,319 15,471 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 52.7 70.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 71.6 81.3 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 51 Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.47 0.50 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.19 0.22 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,080 3,270 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.2 6.6 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.0 10.3 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.7 16.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.3 73.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.4 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 88.7 83.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.8 39.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.6 67.3 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 119 Time to start a business (days) 52 11 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 91.0 93.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 53.1 37.8 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.6 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 12.2 3.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 10.4 1.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 26.3 35.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.8 30.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.2 15.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 44 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.3 6.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 35.8 47.1 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 28.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.9 –3.7 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 59.9 .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 72.6 .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.1 62.5 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 13.9 7.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.9 7.9 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 12.5 4.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 17.3 75.0 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.1 30.0 13.5 52 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Cayman Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.06 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 4.0 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 154.9 177.6 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 38.0 66.0 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 53 Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.0 4.4 796 Labor force (millions) 1.8 2.1 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 340 470 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –1.6 2.8 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 54.4 56.5 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.1 14.8 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.4 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.4 28.7 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.9 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12.6 14.6 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.4 22.7 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 182 Time to start a business (days) 22 21 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 22.0 22.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.8 4.8 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 65.7 54.6 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 31 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 3.6 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 8.9 10.8 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.9 7.0 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.5 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 8.5 8.0 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.1 8.0 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.8 8.7 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 13.5 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.7 .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 22.3 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.3 2.3 5.6 54 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Chad Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.8 11.2 796 Labor force (millions) 3.8 4.4 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 430 620 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 17.2 0.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.3 13.6 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 60.4 48.8 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.3 6.6 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 27.3 37.5 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.9 10.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.0 43.9 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.8 68.7 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 183 Time to start a business (days) 75 66 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 36.0 36.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 63.7 65.4 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 31.3 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 20.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 21.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 4.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 10.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 43.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 11 591 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –1.9 10.3 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.7 35.8 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.9 25.6 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 4.7 7.0 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.0 5.9 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 3.2 5.7 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 15.1 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.7 .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 22.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.1 23.8 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.4 1.7 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 55 Channel Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.15 0.15 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 57,380 .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –1.2 .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 73.4 56 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Chile Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.3 17.1 2,452 Labor force (millions) 6.8 8.0 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.0 8.1 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,920 10,120 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.2 3.0 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.6 3.2 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 43.4 42.9 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.3 11.5 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.0 53.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 559.8 510.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.3 38.7 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.8 31.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 39 Time to start a business (days) 27 7 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 52.0 52.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.6 4.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 25.7 25.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.0 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 22.7 23.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.1 2.1 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.0 9.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 7.6 0.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 29.1 44.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 22.9 21.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.0 22.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 8,980 4,840 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.9 7.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.2 20.0 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.6 –0.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 64.5 71.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 50.1 53.4 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.9 8.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.9 2.7 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 80.3 86.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –0.8 –8.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.7 3.0 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.0 22.5 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,073 3,283 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.7 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 64.8 116.0 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 31.2 45.0 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 57 China East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,303.7 1,338.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 767.1 799.8 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 4.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,740 4,270 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 9.8 11.1 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.1 10.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 47.4 46.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 32.5 29.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.5 43.1 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.8 3.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.2 6.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 29.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.6 25.7 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 91 Time to start a business (days) 48 38 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 14 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 91.0 91.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.4 1.7 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 80.0 63.5 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 5.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 18.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 38.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 28.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.8 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 35.9 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 38,478 27,899 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 3.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 40.1 45.4 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.6 23.7 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.1 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 122.5 140.2 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.4 55.1 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.4 6.1 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.6 1.1 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 113.3 130.0 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 1.6 –0.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.3 3.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 40.8 53.5 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,783 2,631 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.2 64.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.5 34.4 34.1 58 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Colombia Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 43.0 46.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 19.8 22.1 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.3 11.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,940 5,510 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.7 4.4 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.4 7.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.6 36.2 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.3 15.1 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.0 56.7 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.0 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,320.8 1,898.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.0 15.7 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.8 17.9 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 42 Time to start a business (days) 42 14 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 59.0 59.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 1.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 82.1 74.8 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 24.8 31.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 1.1 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 14.3 12.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 1.1 1.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 30.6 35.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 26.4 20.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.9 20.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 3,734 12,195 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.0 2.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 23.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.9 –3.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 53.6 62.7 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 32.2 40.0 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 16.5 19.7 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.3 14.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.7 2.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.3 43.4 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 5.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.5 5.7 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 903 1,047 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.0 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 50.8 96.1 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 11.0 36.5 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 59 Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.64 0.74 796 Labor force (millions) 0.21 0.24 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 610 750 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.6 1.3 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 51.0 46.3 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 11.0 12.1 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.4 4.3 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.0 41.6 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.0 –0.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 395.6 371.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.1 14.7 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.8 48.2 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 157 Time to start a business (days) 24 24 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 100.0 100.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 217.9 217.9 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 31.4 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 0.5 .. 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 1.7 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.3 12.4 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.8 7.7 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 8.7 19.7 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.2 25.8 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.5 19.1 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 8.5 6.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 8.8 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.4 22.5 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.2 5.1 5.6 60 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Congo, Dem. Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 57.4 66.0 796 Labor force (millions) 21.5 25.3 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 120 180 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.4 5.4 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 45.5 42.9 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.9 24.0 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.6 5.5 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 27.5 33.0 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 21.3 17.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 473.9 905.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.5 26.0 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.7 38.8 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 178 Time to start a business (days) 133 65 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 31.0 31.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.2 5.2 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 287.1 339.7 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 58.9 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.3 29.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 64.4 54.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 3.3 6.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.5 48.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 4.3 8.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 473 1,054 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.0 22.4 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.2 28.7 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.5 5.8 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.0 3.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 2.4 7.3 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 4.2 11.3 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 1.9 6.6 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 29.5 27.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 32.6 39.7 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 1.8 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 85 104 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 17.5 21.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 4.8 17.9 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 0.7 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 61 Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.5 4.0 2,519 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.7 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 980 2,240 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.7 4.8 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.5 3.8 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 71.9 75.4 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.0 3.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 23.6 20.8 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.1 5.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.2 85.1 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.5 54.7 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 181 Time to start a business (days) 37 160 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 33.0 33.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 65.4 65.9 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.1 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 37.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 8.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 19.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 62 1,143 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.4 23.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 20.3 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 10.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 19.5 .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 3.0 6.0 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.0 15.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.4 5.5 40.1 Real interest rate (%) –3.0 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.7 .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 7.1 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 120 146 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 25.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.8 94.0 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.5 5.0 13.5 62 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.3 4.7 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.2 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.6 7.8 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,680 6,810 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.3 4.0 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.7 6.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 26.1 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.7 17.4 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.1 66.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 13.8 5.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 477.8 525.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.5 38.1 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.0 41.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 121 Time to start a business (days) 77 60 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 29.0 29.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.5 3.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 54.8 55.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 30.9 26.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 11.0 8.8 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.6 8.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 0.0 7.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 14.9 22.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 48.6 39.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.5 13.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 545 597 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.3 4.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 19.6 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.7 20.1 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. –3.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 43.4 52.8 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.3 23.1 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.4 14.4 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.4 1.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.6 45.9 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 12.7 8.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.5 11.8 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 25.2 26.0 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,726 1,813 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 25.6 65.1 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 22.1 36.5 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 63 Côte d’Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 18.0 19.7 2,519 Labor force (millions) 7.0 7.8 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 870 1,160 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –0.2 2.4 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.8 22.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.9 27.4 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 19.2 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.3 49.7 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.9 1.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 40.9 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 36.3 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 167 Time to start a business (days) 45 32 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 49.0 49.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.2 2.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 48.4 44.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.8 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 1.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 13.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 13.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 20.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 4.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 311 1,204 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 1.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.7 13.9 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.0 9.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –6.7 0.9 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 96.4 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 15.9 .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.3 .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.8 18.1 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 8.1 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 175 203 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.0 76.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 2.6 13.5 64 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Croatia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.4 4.4 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.0 2.0 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.6 11.8 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,730 13,890 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.6 0.8 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 5.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.5 27.3 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.5 18.0 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.4 67.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.3 1.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.9 5.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.3 38.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.7 38.8 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 80 Time to start a business (days) 29 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 39.0 39.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.1 3.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 32.5 32.3 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.5 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.2 7.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.7 2.6 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.0 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 20.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 45.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.4 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,963 3,612 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 0.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.7 21.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 19.5 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.4 –4.3 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 63.8 83.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.8 65.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.0 13.9 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.2 11.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 52.6 70.1 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 7.6 9.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.5 8.6 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 89.1 90.5 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,476 3,712 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 82.2 144.0 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 33.1 60.1 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 65 Cuba Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.3 11.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 4.8 5.3 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.9 1.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,960 17,030 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.6 5.0 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.6 5.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.4 20.5 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.5 10.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 75.0 74.5 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.0 19.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.3 19.0 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 38 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 776 60 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.0 9.9 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 83.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,156 1,348 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.2 8.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 9.7 15.9 34.1 66 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Curaçao High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.13 0.14 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 67 Cyprus High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.0 1.1 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.52 0.58 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.3 6.2 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,490 29,430 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.1 2.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 2.1 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.5 19.6 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.8 7.6 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 77.7 78.3 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.6 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.3 40.1 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.9 46.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 40 Time to start a business (days) .. 8 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 64.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. 23.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 14.5 16.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 20.0 20.3 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.8 8.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 18.4 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 5.9 –5.9 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 180.6 97.3 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 189.8 310.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 176.9 261.1 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. 5.9 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 5.6 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 209.9 283.6 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.3 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.6 64.9 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,080 4,620 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 75.8 93.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 32.8 53.0 73.4 68 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Czech Republic High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.2 10.5 1,127 Labor force (millions) 5.2 5.3 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 7.3 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,330 17,890 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.6 2.3 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.0 2.4 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.9 37.6 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 26.3 24.5 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.1 60.0 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.8 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 24.0 19.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 72.2 79.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.0 74.5 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 64 Time to start a business (days) 40 20 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 9 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 22.0 22.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 9.2 3.2 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.6 49.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.5 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 14.1 21.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.9 3.0 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.9 10.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 36.0 0.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 20.8 33.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 15.4 50.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 15.9 43.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.3 3.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.9 21.3 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.7 –4.9 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 23.0 36.2 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 48.5 66.0 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 49.9 62.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.4 6.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.9 6.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 37.0 56.2 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 6.1 7.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 4.8 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,342 6,114 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 115.0 136.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 35.2 68.6 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 69 Denmark High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 5.5 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.9 2.9 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.8 7.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 48,590 59,400 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.2 –0.6 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.4 1.2 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.5 21.9 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 12.2 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 73.1 76.9 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.8 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 5.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.0 50.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 45.1 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 5 Time to start a business (days) 6 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 34.7 27.5 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 21.1 16.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.9 4.6 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.0 –2.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 17.2 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 5.4 –2.1 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 36.7 40.8 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 181.0 225.3 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.0 55.9 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.7 5.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.4 4.1 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 171.8 223.5 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.7 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,659 6,246 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 100.5 124.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 82.7 88.8 73.4 70 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Dijbouti Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.81 0.89 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.25 0.29 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 59.5 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 990 1,270 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.0 5.2 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.6 .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.6 .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 79.9 .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.1 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 177.7 177.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.6 .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.9 .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 170 Time to start a business (days) 37 37 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 56.0 56.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 38.7 38.7 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.7 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 180 396 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.1 9.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.7 .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 22.0 32.5 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 67.0 78.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.1 29.3 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.8 9.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.3 9.3 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.4 18.6 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.0 6.5 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 71 Dominica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.07 0.07 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,210 6,740 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.1 3.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.7 13.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.5 15.1 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.8 3.5 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.9 71.5 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 3.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.7 32.1 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.3 55.0 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 65 Time to start a business (days) 14 14 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 58.0 58.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 37.3 37.5 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.2 0.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.5 3.3 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 5 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 5.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 22.6 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 54.0 54.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 73.3 83.0 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 48.1 56.2 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 10.8 9.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.8 6.2 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 75.4 155.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 38.5 47.3 34.1 72 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.3 9.9 2,452 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.4 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 18.0 14.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,900 5,030 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.1 6.7 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.5 6.2 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.1 32.0 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.9 24.1 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.5 61.7 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.2 6.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 30.4 36.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.0 22.3 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 34.0 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 108 Time to start a business (days) 74 19 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 88.0 88.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.5 3.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 36.2 41.7 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.3 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 12.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 2.1 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 8.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 17.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 12.5 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 30.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.6 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 2,599 1,169 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.3 3.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.4 16.3 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 0.0 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.5 –3.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 21.0 23.6 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.4 20.3 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 9.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.9 2.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.3 22.7 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 20.9 6.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.2 7.3 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,276 1,358 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 39.1 89.6 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 11.5 39.5 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 73 Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.4 14.5 2,452 Labor force (millions) 6.4 6.9 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 6.5 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,620 3,850 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.6 3.6 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.0 7.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.8 38.1 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.4 9.9 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.1 54.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 3.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 25,000.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.9 32.9 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.0 38.6 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 130 Time to start a business (days) 69 56 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 135.0 135.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.3 5.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 35.3 35.3 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.4 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 17.3 22.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 11.3 0.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.0 17.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 23.3 10.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.2 9.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,865 2,898 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 0.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.1 25.2 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.2 12.1 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.4 8.9 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.9 3.5 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.3 30.8 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 2.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.8 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 780 1,115 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.5 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 46.5 102.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.0 29.0 34.1 74 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 74.2 81.1 2,519 Labor force (millions) 23.9 27.1 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.2 9.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,250 2,420 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.4 6.2 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.9 14.0 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.9 37.5 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 15.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.2 48.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.9 11.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.8 5.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.3 21.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.6 26.1 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 110 Time to start a business (days) 22 7 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 132.0 132.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.2 4.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 54.3 43.6 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 3.9 6.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 8.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 23.8 5.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.5 5.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 133.9 77.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.0 21.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 4,971 13,291 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.0 2.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 18.6 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.6 12.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –6.4 –7.7 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 85.8 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 74.0 59.6 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 88.4 68.8 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.1 6.2 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 26.5 11.0 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.2 33.1 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.5 0.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 4.8 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 81.0 89.4 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,284 1,549 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 8.7 0.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 18.4 87.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 11.7 26.7 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 75 El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.1 6.2 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.6 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 7.3 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,820 3,380 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.3 1.2 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.6 12.7 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.9 27.0 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.1 20.6 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 60.3 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.7 1.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.8 8.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 26.2 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.2 43.6 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 112 Time to start a business (days) 40 17 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 86.0 86.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 34.8 35.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 16.5 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.6 4.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 1.2 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.2 19.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 0.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 17.3 31.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 22.1 28.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.0 14.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,196 1,054 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 0.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.3 13.3 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.9 11.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –4.4 –2.7 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 48.3 50.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 5.2 5.0 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 4.4 5.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.1 13.9 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.9 3.9 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 42.8 41.0 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 747 845 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.3 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 39.9 124.3 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.2 15.9 13.5 76 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Equatorial Guinea High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.61 0.70 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.31 0.37 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,220 14,550 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 25.9 8.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.6 3.2 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 94.4 92.6 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.2 13.6 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 3.0 4.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5.6 6.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 87.4 69.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.6 57.8 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 155 Time to start a business (days) 137 137 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 20 21 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 133.0 133.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 46.0 46.0 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.4 5.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 37.6 60.2 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 27.4 17.2 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 2.6 9.0 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 5.8 12.1 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.1 7.7 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –17.5 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.7 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.9 57.0 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.1 6.0 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 77 Eritrea Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.5 5.3 796 Labor force (millions) 2.2 2.6 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 250 340 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.9 –1.3 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.2 14.5 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.9 22.4 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.3 5.7 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.9 63.0 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 15.4 15.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 6.2 4.5 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 54.9 20.4 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 180 Time to start a business (days) 76 84 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 69.0 69.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 84.5 84.5 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.8 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 0.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 11.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 15.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 40 .. 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –0.1 2.6 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.9 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.6 16.0 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 54 51 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.9 3.5 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 5.4 5.6 78 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Estonia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.3 1.3 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.67 0.70 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 16.9 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,760 14,460 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.0 –1.3 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 2.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.6 29.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.2 16.7 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.9 68.0 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.1 3.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.6 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.7 78.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.2 71.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 24 Time to start a business (days) 35 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 35.0 35.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 51.1 58.6 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 6.2 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.9 .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.1 5.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 13.7 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 25.0 41.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.2 207.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.9 21.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 21.2 8.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 32.1 18.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 28.7 1.3 .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.0 –1.3 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 5.9 9.0 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 71.3 100.7 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.8 57.0 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.7 9.3 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.2 5.4 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 69.7 97.2 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –0.5 6.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.8 6.7 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 22.7 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,567 5,950 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 107.4 123.3 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 61.4 74.2 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 79 Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 74.3 83.0 796 Labor force (millions) 34.9 40.8 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.4 20.5 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 160 390 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.6 10.4 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 46.7 47.7 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.0 14.3 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.8 5.2 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.3 38.0 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11.6 8.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.7 14.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.1 11.4 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.5 32.5 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 111 Time to start a business (days) 32 9 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 40.0 40.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 31.1 31.1 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.8 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.8 1.3 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.4 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 44.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 4.2 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 4 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.2 1.0 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 21.5 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 8.3 5.0 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –4.5 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 29.0 23.8 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.5 27.1 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.0 17.8 29.7 Real interest rate (%) –2.6 –17.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 3.3 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.0 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 34 46 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 5.0 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.6 8.3 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 0.7 5.6 80 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Faeroe Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.2 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 5.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 87.1 122.0 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 67.9 75.2 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 81 Fiji East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.82 0.86 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.34 0.36 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.6 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,590 3,630 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.6 0.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.1 12.1 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.2 19.7 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.2 15.0 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.8 68.2 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 5.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.7 1.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.9 52.5 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.1 64.4 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 77 Time to start a business (days) 46 45 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 2.0 22.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 41.5 38.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 4.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 4.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 19.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 22.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 50 140 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.2 6.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.0 20.7 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 18.1 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.3 .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 50.2 .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.5 .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 44.4 52.4 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 0.0 –0.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.0 2.1 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.9 81.2 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.5 14.8 13.5 82 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Finland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 5.4 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.6 2.7 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.4 8.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,550 47,570 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.6 0.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 2.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.4 29.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.4 18.9 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.8 68.1 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.9 1.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.8 40.4 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.7 39.1 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 11 Time to start a business (days) 14 14 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 3 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 26.0 26.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 0.9 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.5 39.0 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.7 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 9.0 11.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.6 3.4 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.5 3.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 18.9 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 3.3 4.6 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 44.0 36.0 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 77.5 100.3 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 49.7 63.8 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.2 5.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.3 0.6 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 75.1 95.2 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 3.2 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.7 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 65.0 65.5 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 16,120 15,242 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 100.5 156.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 74.5 86.9 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 83 France High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 63.0 64.9 1,127 Labor force (millions) 28.8 29.9 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.9 9.3 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,890 42,370 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.5 0.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 1.8 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.8 19.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.3 10.7 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.9 79.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.4 25.5 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.0 27.8 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 29 Time to start a business (days) 7 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 32.0 32.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.9 1.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 66.0 65.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.2 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 117.3 128.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.9 3.1 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 1.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 19.3 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.8 –7.3 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 72.6 83.5 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 108.7 132.2 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 69.1 82.0 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.4 4.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 4.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 92.7 114.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.4 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,677 7,488 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.3 97.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 41.5 77.5 73.4 84 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development French Polynesia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.25 0.27 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.11 0.12 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.7 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 96.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 47.1 79.7 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.5 49.0 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 85 Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.5 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.51 0.59 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,110 7,650 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.6 2.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.9 4.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 61.4 59.7 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.1 3.5 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.8 36.2 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.7 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.7 61.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.7 36.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 156 Time to start a business (days) 58 58 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 43.0 43.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 45.1 43.5 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.4 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.6 3.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.4 4.3 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 2.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 22.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 6.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 34.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 18.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 204 408 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.8 1.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.3 26.7 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.1 17.4 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 10.3 11.3 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.7 16.4 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.1 11.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 14.1 9.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.3 8.2 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 0.6 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.7 .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 10.2 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 934 922 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 7.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 53.7 107.0 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.9 7.2 34.1 86 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.5 1.7 796 Labor force (millions) 0.64 0.75 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 450 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.2 4.9 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.1 26.9 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.3 15.7 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 5.0 5.0 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.6 57.3 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.8 5.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 28.6 28.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.0 29.3 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.8 48.7 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 149 Time to start a business (days) 27 27 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 9.0 26.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 286.3 283.5 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.1 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 13.6 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 7.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 63.9 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.2 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 7 35 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.6 4.6 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.9 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 21.0 26.7 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 28.7 35.1 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.0 19.1 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 22.2 17.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.6 12.4 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.3 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 23.7 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 16.5 85.5 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.8 9.2 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 87 Georgia Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.4 4.5 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.4 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 13.8 16.5 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,360 2,690 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.5 4.6 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.7 8.4 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.8 23.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.7 12.9 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.5 68.4 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.2 7.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.8 1.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.7 34.8 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.6 52.3 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 16 Time to start a business (days) 21 2 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 2 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.3 3.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 57.0 16.5 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.3 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.0 7.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.3 2.3 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.9 2.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 39.8 8.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 40.0 38.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 1.8 11.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.5 16.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 241 2,364 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.1 7.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.1 17.3 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 9.1 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.5 –4.4 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 40.9 36.7 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 15.1 33.6 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.5 23.3 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 18.8 16.9 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.2 12.5 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.8 32.4 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 12.7 14.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.1 15.0 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 94.1 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,715 1,585 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 26.9 89.4 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.2 26.3 13.5 88 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Germany High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 82.5 81.8 1,127 Labor force (millions) 41.4 42.2 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.1 7.1 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,780 43,070 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.5 0.8 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.9 0.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.4 28.2 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.9 20.9 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.7 71.0 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 1.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.3 46.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.1 41.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 19 Time to start a business (days) 24 15 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 9 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 69.0 69.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.2 1.2 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.2 46.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 19.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 66.7 64.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.2 1.2 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 14.8 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 45.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 3.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 1.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.3 17.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.3 –2.2 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 44.6 47.6 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 137.2 132.1 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 100.8 117.2 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.1 4.3 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.0 3.3 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 112.6 107.8 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 8.1 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.0 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,113 6,779 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 96.1 127.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 68.8 82.5 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 89 Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 21.6 24.4 2,519 Labor force (millions) 9.1 10.4 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.6 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 460 1,250 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.1 6.6 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 40.9 29.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.5 18.6 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.5 6.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 31.6 51.4 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 15.1 10.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.9 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.4 29.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.7 41.1 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 63 Time to start a business (days) 18 12 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 178.0 178.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.9 1.9 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.1 33.6 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 18.4 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.3 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 18.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 16.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 24.4 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 756 3,306 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 7.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.0 21.7 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.0 17.8 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.4 –5.6 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 18.5 24.2 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.7 22.8 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.2 7.9 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 13.0 17.6 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 15.5 15.2 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.9 12.6 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 247 265 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 9.7 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 71.5 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.8 9.5 13.5 90 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Gibraltar High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.03 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 0.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,987 5,947 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 68.8 102.6 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 39.1 65.0 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 91 Greece High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 11.1 11.3 1,127 Labor force (millions) 5.1 5.3 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.9 12.5 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 21,400 26,950 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.2 0.1 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.4 18.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.5 4.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.2 21.5 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.5 30.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 100 Time to start a business (days) 38 10 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 10 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 24.0 24.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 54.6 46.4 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.4 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 5.2 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.7 .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 55.9 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 25.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.0 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.7 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 0.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.7 16.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –5.3 –15.6 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 134.5 142.0 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 99.8 139.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 83.8 94.1 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.9 6.9 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.3 10.4 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 79.6 115.9 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.8 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.3 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,242 5,540 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 92.4 108.6 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 24.2 44.6 73.4 92 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Greenland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.06 0.06 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.3 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 29,690 26,020 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.7 1.5 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.0 5.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 81.6 101.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 58.0 63.8 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 93 Grenada Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.10 0.10 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,570 6,960 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.1 –0.7 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.4 5.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.5 14.2 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.4 4.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 70.1 80.4 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.5 3.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.6 21.0 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 56.8 49.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 73 Time to start a business (days) 20 15 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 29.0 29.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 45.3 45.3 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.6 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 1.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 22.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 32.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 19 24 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 10.1 7.8 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 40.0 23.6 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 77.3 113.6 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 100.7 115.4 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.8 83.7 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.0 7.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.2 7.5 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 45.6 117.3 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 20.5 33.6 34.1 94 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Guam High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.17 0.18 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.07 0.08 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.4 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 59.1 .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 38.6 50.6 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 95 Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.7 14.4 2,519 Labor force (millions) 4.7 5.7 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,070 2,740 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.1 3.6 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.4 12.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.3 19.5 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.2 19.5 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.3 67.6 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.1 3.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.6 8.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.1 25.1 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.0 36.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 97 Time to start a business (days) 39 37 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 15 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 101.0 101.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 38.7 40.9 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.9 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.2 5.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.7 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.2 10.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 3.8 3.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 12.8 26.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 35.3 17.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.0 11.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 670 2,753 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.9 2.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 15.3 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.7 –3.1 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 21.3 23.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 32.1 35.5 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.9 39.3 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.5 10.3 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.2 2.1 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.1 23.4 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 7.0 8.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.7 7.9 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 477 548 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.0 3.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 35.5 125.6 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.7 10.5 13.5 96 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.0 10.0 796 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.1 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 360 400 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.6 2.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.2 13.0 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.9 47.4 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.1 4.8 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 36.9 39.6 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 31.4 15.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,644.3 5,726.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.8 35.0 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.1 39.4 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 179 Time to start a business (days) 40 40 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 26.0 26.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.8 3.8 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.9 54.3 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.9 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 57.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 0.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 16.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.2 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 51 472 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 2.2 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.6 20.1 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 15.7 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 8.2 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 10.0 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 5.7 .. 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.8 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 33.9 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.1 40.1 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 1.0 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 97 Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.4 1.5 796 Labor force (millions) 0.57 0.65 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 410 590 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –0.9 3.0 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 57.3 .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.1 .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.6 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 29.6 .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.3 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.8 .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.2 .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 176 Time to start a business (days) 259 9 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 87.0 87.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 54.3 45.9 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.9 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 22.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 0.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.4 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 10 107 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.5 1.0 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 9.6 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 0.7 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 2.1 7.1 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 3.9 9.4 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 1.1 6.2 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 27.9 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 9.2 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.2 39.2 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.9 2.5 5.6 98 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Guyana Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.75 0.76 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.28 0.30 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,090 2,870 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.8 4.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 34.6 20.9 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.0 32.7 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.7 4.1 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.4 46.4 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.9 2.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 199.9 203.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 84.6 .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 119.2 .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 114 Time to start a business (days) 46 26 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 56.0 56.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 39.3 36.1 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.8 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.3 11.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 5.4 4.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 32.6 34.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 93.4 36.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.8 29.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 89 26 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 9.3 12.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.8 26.7 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 12.4 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 65.9 45.1 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 84.6 56.3 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 57.1 37.8 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.2 8.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 12.0 12.3 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 10.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 37.7 73.6 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) .. 29.9 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 99 Haiti Latin America & Caribbean Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.3 10.0 796 Labor force (millions) 3.7 4.2 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 670 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –0.7 1.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 15.7 5.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 40.4 39.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.0 12.1 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.9 57.3 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 174 Time to start a business (days) 202 105 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.7 5.7 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.8 40.8 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.1 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 24 307 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 2.2 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 19.0 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.5 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.5 14.0 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 19.9 11.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 36.8 16.7 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 37 36 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.4 40.0 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.4 8.4 5.6 100 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Honduras Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.9 7.6 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.5 3.0 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,400 1,870 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.7 3.3 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.7 12.5 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.7 26.5 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.9 18.4 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.6 60.9 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.8 4.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 18.8 18.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.0 43.9 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.5 64.6 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 128 Time to start a business (days) 62 14 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 13 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 74.0 95.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.8 3.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 44.5 44.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.7 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.6 17.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 6.1 2.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.5 17.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.6 23.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.5 16.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 822 1,251 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 5.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.9 23.4 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.4 19.5 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.8 –3.1 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 39.2 49.4 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 42.6 46.5 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.1 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.3 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.4 50.2 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 10.8 12.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.9 9.0 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 619 678 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.9 3.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 18.6 125.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.5 11.1 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 101 Hong Kong SAR, China High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.8 7.1 1,127 Labor force (millions) 3.6 3.7 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 5.2 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 28,150 32,780 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.2 3.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.1 0.1 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 9.1 7.4 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.4 1.8 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 90.9 92.6 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.9 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7.8 7.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 198.7 223.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 186.3 217.3 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 2 Time to start a business (days) 11 3 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 10.0 10.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.1 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 24.4 23.0 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.6 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 65.8 101.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 13.0 19.2 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 18.9 31.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 21.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.4 1.1 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 32.3 34.0 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 164.6 233.4 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 246.8 319.4 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.3 12.3 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.4 0.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 146.2 189.0 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 7.8 4.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 5.0 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,878 5,925 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 125.4 195.2 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 56.9 71.8 73.4 102 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Hungary High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.1 10.0 1,127 Labor force (millions) 4.3 4.3 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 11.2 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 10,220 12,860 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.2 –0.6 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.2 3.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.0 31.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 22.2 23.2 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 65.8 65.4 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.6 4.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 199.6 207.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.9 86.5 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 68.1 80.0 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 51 Time to start a business (days) 38 4 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 35.0 35.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 56.6 52.4 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 22.3 43.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.2 6.3 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.0 13.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 24.2 0.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 32.8 48.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.8 48.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 27.4 39.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 9,322 4,818 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.9 –32.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 18.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –7.4 –4.1 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 68.9 83.2 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 62.4 84.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.3 45.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.2 9.8 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.3 9.7 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.2 72.6 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.9 4.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.4 2.7 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 38.0 38.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,771 3,773 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 92.4 120.1 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 39.0 65.2 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 103 Iceland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.30 0.32 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.17 0.19 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.6 7.6 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 49,620 32,640 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.0 0.1 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.3 7.2 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.4 25.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.5 15.1 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.3 67.7 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 5.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 63.0 122.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.7 56.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.0 46.0 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 9 Time to start a business (days) 5 5 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 13.0 13.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 27.5 31.8 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.4 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.9 2.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 15.0 12.8 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 19.2 2.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.3 13.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.8 –9.2 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 39.4 111.5 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 248.6 157.7 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 68.0 90.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 14.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.1 39.9 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 247.9 107.5 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 11.6 3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.2 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 35.4 38.4 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 27,988 51,259 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 95.4 107.3 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 87.0 95.6 73.4 104 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development India South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,140.0 1,224.6 2,519 Labor force (millions) 467.3 472.6 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 720 1,270 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.0 8.2 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 18.8 19.0 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.1 26.3 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.4 14.2 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.0 54.7 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.2 12.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.1 45.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.3 21.5 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.0 24.8 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 132 Time to start a business (days) 71 29 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 12 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 56.0 56.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 10.0 7.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 65.5 61.8 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.7 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 38.1 84.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 52.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 46.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 29.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.5 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 33,742 182,341 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.9 1.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.3 29.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 20.8 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.2 –3.7 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 61.2 46.1 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 58.3 69.4 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.7 65.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.4 7.1 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.2 2.4 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.4 49.0 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 6.3 4.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 47.0 49.5 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 456 571 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.9 61.4 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.4 7.5 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 105 Indonesia East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 227.3 239.9 2,519 Labor force (millions) 109.3 118.0 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.2 7.1 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,220 2,500 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.7 5.7 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.1 15.3 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 46.5 47.0 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.4 24.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.3 37.6 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.5 5.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 9,704.7 9,090.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.1 24.6 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.9 23.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 129 Time to start a business (days) 151 45 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 108.0 108.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.5 5.5 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 37.3 34.5 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.7 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 23.3 29.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.0 1.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 11.2 14.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 34.0 11.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.6 15.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.1 2.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 8,042 18,841 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 1.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.6 32.2 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.1 –0.6 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 47.3 26.1 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 36.3 32.4 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 38.8 34.2 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.8 11.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.4 2.6 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.4 29.1 40.1 Real interest rate (%) –0.2 4.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 6.2 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 55.4 56.9 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 494 590 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.6 91.7 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.6 9.9 13.5 106 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 69.7 74.0 2,452 Labor force (millions) 24.4 25.3 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.1 10.5 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,550 4,520 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.9 4.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.2 .. 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 44.7 .. 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.7 .. 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.1 .. 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 13.4 10.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8,964.0 10,254.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.1 .. 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.7 .. 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 144 Time to start a business (days) 28 8 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 87.0 87.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.5 4.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 44.2 44.1 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.8 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,345 1,992 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 0.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.0 .. 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.9 .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 6.0 0.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 29.2 .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.4 .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.0 36.7 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –0.9 11.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.2 0.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 71.0 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,046 2,238 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.2 91.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 8.1 13.0 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 107 Iraq Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 27.6 32.0 2,519 Labor force (millions) 6.3 7.5 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 18.0 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,150 2,340 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –7.6 4.7 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.6 .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 70.1 .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 1.7 .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 21.3 .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 37.0 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,472.0 1,170.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 164 Time to start a business (days) 77 77 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 24.7 28.4 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.9 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 984 6,067 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 1.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) –4.0 –11.0 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.4 17.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 2.5 9.1 40.1 Real interest rate (%) –8.5 –8.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 8.3 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 816 1,069 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.6 74.9 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 2.5 13.5 108 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Ireland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.2 4.5 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.1 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 13.5 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 42,380 41,820 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.9 –0.6 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.6 1.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.5 31.9 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.1 24.2 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 63.9 67.1 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.4 –0.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.1 101.1 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.4 82.0 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 10 Time to start a business (days) 18 13 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 4 4 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 24.0 18.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 0.4 0.4 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 26.4 26.3 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.9 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 17.2 13.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.4 4.7 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 11.0 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 37.4 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 28.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.2 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –14.9 13.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.6 11.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.4 –14.1 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 32.4 70.5 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 161.6 241.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 89.9 109.0 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.7 4.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.7 8.6 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 159.5 215.0 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –0.4 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.6 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,242 6,034 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.6 105.1 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 41.6 69.8 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 109 Isle of Man High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.08 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.4 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,610 .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.8 .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.5 0.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 73.4 110 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Israel High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.9 7.6 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.8 3.2 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 6.6 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 20,250 27,180 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.1 3.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.3 2.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 4.5 3.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.6 37.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.9 34.9 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 34 Time to start a business (days) 34 34 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 91.0 91.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 40.0 31.2 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.8 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 19.1 19.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.6 4.5 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 2.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.8 16.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –4.5 –4.0 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 100.2 105.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 88.9 91.3 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.6 6.8 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.3 1.4 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 89.7 95.7 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 3.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.2 2.9 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,572 6,608 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 111.9 129.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 24.0 65.4 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 111 Italy High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 58.6 60.5 1,127 Labor force (millions) 24.7 25.1 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 8.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 30,880 35,700 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.9 –0.6 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.2 1.9 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.7 25.2 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.4 16.7 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 71.1 72.9 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.0 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.9 26.7 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.9 28.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 87 Time to start a business (days) 13 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 2.0 11.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.2 1.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 77.5 68.5 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.8 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 73.6 68.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.9 1.8 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.1 0.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 19.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.5 –4.9 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 112.8 118.4 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 103.2 153.1 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 54.0 90.2 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 9.3 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.3 7.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 89.0 122.0 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 3.4 3.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.9 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,669 5,271 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 122.0 149.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 35.0 53.7 73.4 112 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.7 2.7 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.2 1.2 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.9 11.4 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,910 4,800 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.2 –0.2 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.0 6.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 22.4 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.0 9.2 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.7 71.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 15.3 12.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 62.3 87.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.4 25.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.5 43.3 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 88 Time to start a business (days) 8 7 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 62.0 62.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.1 1.1 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 51.3 45.6 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.6 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.6 2.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.0 1.2 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.3 1.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.9 10.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 37.0 44.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.9 20.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 16.4 16.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,378 368 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.1 1.6 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 26.8 20.4 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. 15.9 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.9 –15.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 122.0 115.8 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 45.0 43.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 40.4 38.9 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.3 .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.8 .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 21.2 24.8 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.9 8.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 9.9 14.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 73.3 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,478 1,902 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 74.8 117.8 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.0 26.5 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 113 Japan High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 127.8 127.5 1,127 Labor force (millions) 66.6 66.7 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.4 5.0 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 38,950 41,850 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.3 –0.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.5 1.4 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.5 26.7 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 21.6 18.1 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.0 71.9 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) –0.3 –0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 110.2 87.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.3 15.2 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 12.9 14.1 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 20 Time to start a business (days) 31 23 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 0.6 0.6 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 53.1 49.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 112.2 105.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.3 1.3 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 0.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.3 20.5 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 151.3 174.4 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 208.4 217.0 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 192.3 211.1 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.9 4.8 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.8 1.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 188.6 169.3 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.9 3.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.4 1.1 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 79.0 80.1 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 8,213 7,819 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 75.5 94.7 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 66.2 77.6 73.4 114 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Jordan Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 6.0 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.6 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.4 12.9 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,490 4,340 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.3 6.0 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.1 2.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.9 30.6 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.2 19.3 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.1 66.5 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.5 5.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.7 0.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.7 44.5 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 94.2 65.9 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 96 Time to start a business (days) 16 12 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.3 4.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 31.1 27.7 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.0 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.8 2.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.7 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.7 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 0.9 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 47.1 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 15.5 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,758 4,270 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.8 6.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 15.3 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.3 11.4 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –5.1 –5.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 80.0 59.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 108.8 99.3 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 116.2 96.7 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.2 10.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.6 7.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 88.1 70.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 5.5 2.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.7 5.5 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,682 2,112 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.6 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 58.0 109.5 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 12.8 38.9 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 115 Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 15.1 16.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 7.9 8.8 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 6.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,930 7,580 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 10.1 5.7 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.8 4.8 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 40.1 42.4 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.8 13.1 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.1 52.8 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.6 7.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 132.9 147.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 53.5 44.0 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.7 29.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 47 Time to start a business (days) 25 19 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 9.0 9.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 43.0 28.6 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 30.7 28.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.0 2.6 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.2 4.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 58.7 25.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 33.9 31.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.7 47.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.1 10.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,685 3,798 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.5 7.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.0 24.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.7 19.0 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.6 –1.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 7.0 10.2 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 38.9 48.7 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.4 32.4 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.0 10.9 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 23.8 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 35.7 39.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 91.2 88.5 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,012 4,448 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 35.6 118.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.0 33.4 34.1 116 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 35.6 40.5 796 Labor force (millions) 13.2 15.5 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 520 810 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.4 4.3 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.2 25.2 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 19.1 19.8 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.8 11.4 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.7 55.0 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.3 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 75.6 79.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.5 27.5 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.0 37.9 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 109 Time to start a business (days) 54 33 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 11 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 47.0 47.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.5 4.5 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 50.2 49.6 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 33.1 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 7.3 17.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.4 0.9 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 32.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 22.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 40.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,434 4,307 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.1 0.6 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 19.9 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.9 14.1 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.5 –5.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 37.4 50.5 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 35.8 44.8 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.1 13.2 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 25.6 6.3 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 25.9 33.8 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 7.6 11.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 9.8 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 14.1 14.3 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 137 147 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 6.9 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.9 61.6 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.1 25.9 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 117 Kiribati East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.09 0.10 2,519 Labor force (millions) .. .. 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,780 2,000 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.3 0.2 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 25.6 28.6 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 6.9 9.5 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.7 6.2 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 67.5 61.8 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 9.4 .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.5 .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 115 Time to start a business (days) 31 31 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 31.8 31.8 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.4 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.4 2.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.7 10.0 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.0 9.0 13.5 118 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Korea, Dem. Rep. East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 23.7 24.3 796 Labor force (millions) 14.0 14.6 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 33 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 474 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 2.8 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 812 733 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.0 1.8 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 0.0 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 119 Korea, Rep. High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 48.1 48.9 1,127 Labor force (millions) 23.9 24.6 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.7 3.7 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 16,900 19,890 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.5 3.4 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.3 2.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 37.7 39.3 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.5 30.6 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.0 58.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.8 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,024.1 1,156.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.3 52.4 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.6 49.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 8 Time to start a business (days) 17 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 91.0 91.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 36.4 29.7 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 31.9 60.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.9 1.7 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 0.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 21.3 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 39.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 3.9 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.6 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 0.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.9 28.6 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.9 1.7 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 92.1 106.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 64.0 72.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.3 7.6 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.2 1.9 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 87.0 100.8 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 1.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.9 1.7 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 76.8 79.3 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 7,804 8,980 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 79.7 103.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 71.8 82.5 73.4 120 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Kosovo Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.8 1.8 2,519 Labor force (millions) .. .. 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 41.4 45.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,460 3,290 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.9 5.3 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.0 12.0 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.0 20.0 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.3 16.9 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.0 68.0 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) –1.4 3.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.1 19.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 50.8 62.1 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 117 Time to start a business (days) .. 58 34 Procedures to start a business (number) .. 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. 30.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. 15.4 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.1 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.2 0.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.1 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 9.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 7.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 25.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 76.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 7.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 385 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.6 8.7 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.6 30.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.9 18.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 17.1 34.3 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.6 40.4 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. 4.4 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.8 37.3 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 15.4 10.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.9 10.9 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 42.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 121 Kuwait High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.3 2.7 1,127 Labor force (millions) 1.2 1.4 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.0 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 34,650 .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.9 .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.5 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 51.0 .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.3 .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 48.5 .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.1 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.3 0.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.0 56.4 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.3 28.0 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 67 Time to start a business (days) 35 32 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 12 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 78.0 78.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.2 4.2 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 14.4 15.5 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.7 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 1.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.6 13.9 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 29.1 18.7 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 57.6 91.9 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.0 76.6 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 13.0 12.6 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 4.1 8.9 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 58.5 82.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –11.7 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 2.6 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 85.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 17,123 17,610 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 100.6 160.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 25.9 38.3 73.4 122 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Kyrgyz Republic Europe & Central Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.2 5.4 796 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.5 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.1 8.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 830 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.1 5.0 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 31.9 20.7 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.4 28.0 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.4 17.8 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 45.7 51.3 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.4 8.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 41.0 46.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.7 57.7 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.7 89.2 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 70 Time to start a business (days) 21 10 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 2 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 68.2 69.0 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.2 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.4 4.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.7 1.3 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.1 4.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 83.8 39.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 13.6 17.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.1 25.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.7 16.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 12 130 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 9.5 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 28.1 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 9.6 20.8 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.7 –5.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 9.1 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.2 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 8.0 .. 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 18.2 23.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 20.8 27.4 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,835 1,386 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 5.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 10.5 96.8 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 10.3 19.6 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 123 Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.8 6.2 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.8 3.2 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.4 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 470 1,050 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.2 7.9 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.4 33.0 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.1 30.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.9 7.6 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.5 36.8 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.2 6.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10,655.2 8,258.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 34.4 36.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.8 40.9 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 165 Time to start a business (days) 153 93 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 162.0 162.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 35.5 33.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.8 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.5 1.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 34.5 26.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 14.1 0.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 58.8 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 3.3 7.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,339 5,422 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.0 3.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.5 26.1 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.6 14.5 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.2 –0.8 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 9.8 26.4 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 15.1 32.7 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.4 20.4 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 24.5 12.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.1 19.6 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.4 13.7 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 11.4 64.6 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 7.0 13.5 124 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Latvia Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.3 2.2 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.2 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.9 18.7 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,810 11,640 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.0 –1.8 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.0 4.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.6 21.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.6 12.2 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 74.5 74.1 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.7 –1.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.6 0.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.8 53.4 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.2 54.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 21 Time to start a business (days) 16 16 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 37.3 37.9 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.1 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.8 7.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.6 4.6 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.2 9.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 30.0 4.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 27.9 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 23.5 93.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.5 18.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 858 787 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.4 1.5 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 18.0 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 30.6 21.6 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.9 –6.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 49.9 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 72.0 98.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.6 43.8 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 7.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.7 19.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 68.2 103.7 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –3.7 12.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.3 7.7 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 20.9 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,703 2,875 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 81.4 103.0 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 46.1 71.5 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 125 Lebanon Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.1 4.2 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.9 .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,710 8,880 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.0 7.1 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.2 6.4 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 21.3 21.5 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.7 8.3 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.4 72.2 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. 4.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,507.5 1,507.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.4 20.9 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.6 43.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 104 Time to start a business (days) 46 9 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 35.4 30.2 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.1 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 12.0 8.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 23.7 19.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 53.5 23.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 71.6 117.6 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 20.9 17.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 291 .. 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 12.0 11.0 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 31.7 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.5 29.7 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –7.8 –8.2 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 147.2 152.7 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 217.4 226.7 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.5 7.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 16.4 4.3 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 68.5 81.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 11.4 3.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.5 2.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,785 3,130 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 29.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.5 68.0 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 10.1 31.0 34.1 126 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.1 2.2 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.85 0.89 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 25.3 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 760 1,070 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.8 4.0 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.3 7.6 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.9 32.9 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.8 15.1 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.8 59.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.4 3.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 7.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.4 44.2 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 122.1 101.8 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 143 Time to start a business (days) 93 40 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 44.0 44.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.6 2.6 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 26.2 16.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.1 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 19.8 5.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 9.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 11.9 32.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 13.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.6 24.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 88 42 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.1 5.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.4 38.6 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 16.5 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.3 5.7 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 12.8 13.2 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.0 32.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 10.2 8.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.0 3.7 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.0 13.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 5.9 2.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.8 7.5 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 6.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.1 45.5 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.6 3.9 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 127 Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.2 4.0 796 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.4 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 3.7 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 130 200 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) –6.8 6.9 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 65.8 61.3 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.7 16.8 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.4 12.7 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 18.4 21.9 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 10.8 7.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 57.1 71.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.9 31.1 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.9 172.6 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 151 Time to start a business (days) 68 6 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 84.0 84.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 43.7 43.7 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 7.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 54.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 10.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 2.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 70 379 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.6 45.9 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.4 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 4.3 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.8 16.0 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 2.8 5.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.6 10.1 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 5.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.0 39.3 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.0 7.0 5.6 128 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Libya Middle East & North Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.8 6.4 2,452 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.4 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6,460 12,320 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.7 4.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.3 1.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 75.5 78.2 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.7 4.5 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 22.2 19.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 2.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.3 1.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 66.4 67.4 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.3 27.5 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 38 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.4 2.2 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 27.9 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 1.7 5.9 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 10.1 14.4 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.6 41.2 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.7 10.9 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –14.8 57.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 3.5 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,413 4,170 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 34.7 171.5 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.9 14.0 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 129 Liechtenstein High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.04 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 92,780 137,070 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.5 3.0 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. 25.1 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 79.3 98.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 63.4 80.0 73.4 130 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Lithuania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.4 3.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.6 1.6 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.3 17.8 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,280 11,510 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.0 0.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.8 3.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.9 28.2 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 20.8 16.4 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.3 68.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.7 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.8 2.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.5 68.2 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.6 69.6 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 27 Time to start a business (days) 26 22 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 30.0 30.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.7 1.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 52.3 43.9 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 5.7 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.5 5.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.8 2.2 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 4.6 9.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 35.4 3.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 21.8 47.4 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 37.5 63.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.5 15.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,507 1,012 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.0 2.1 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.8 16.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.1 .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.5 –7.2 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 21.4 43.2 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.8 66.8 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.9 41.9 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.9 8.9 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.6 19.7 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 40.9 66.4 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –1.3 12.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.9 3.6 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 28.3 29.4 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,101 3,431 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 127.5 148.8 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 36.2 62.8 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 131 Luxembourg High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.47 0.51 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.21 0.24 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 4.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 69,300 76,980 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.5 1.5 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.4 0.3 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.6 12.8 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.2 6.1 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 82.9 86.9 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.5 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 155.8 165.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 130.3 133.8 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 50 Time to start a business (days) 26 19 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 39.0 52.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 21.6 20.8 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.0 .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.3 .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 305.8 389.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 18.4 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.3 –1.0 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 3.6 17.1 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 129.1 186.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 362.6 338.3 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 4.1 5.2 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.2 0.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 129.0 185.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 15,640 14,424 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 109.6 143.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 68.8 90.1 73.4 132 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Macao SAR, China High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.48 0.54 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.26 0.34 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 3.6 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 22,800 34,880 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 12.8 10.1 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.0 0.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.2 11.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.3 1.5 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 84.8 89.0 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.4 2.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.0 8.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 94.9 106.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 62.6 49.8 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 15.0 12.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 25.9 12.3 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 8.6 19.6 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 40.0 47.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 141.0 105.0 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 45.4 57.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 1.2 1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.2 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 110.7 206.3 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 34.9 56.8 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 133 Macedonia, FYR Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.0 2.1 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.86 0.95 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 37.3 32.0 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,900 4,570 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.9 3.4 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.3 11.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.2 27.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.4 15.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 60.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.2 1.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 49.3 46.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 47.3 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.1 66.0 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 22 Time to start a business (days) 48 3 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 3 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 35.0 26.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 21.6 9.7 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 6.3 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 8.0 8.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.7 5.6 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.7 14.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 32.8 8.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 17.7 47.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.5 27.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.1 21.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 707 1,525 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 2.3 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.6 19.6 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.6 13.0 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.4 –0.8 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 26.0 49.0 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 31.4 50.2 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.9 10.6 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.0 9.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 24.4 45.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 8.1 7.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.9 2.4 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 55.6 57.6 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,411 3,442 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 55.5 104.5 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 26.5 51.9 34.1 134 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 17.9 20.7 796 Labor force (millions) 8.6 10.1 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.6 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 300 430 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.0 3.1 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.3 29.1 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.8 16.0 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.0 14.1 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.9 54.9 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 18.5 9.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,003.0 2,090.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.2 28.8 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 45.6 52.8 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 137 Time to start a business (days) 38 8 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 3 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 30.0 30.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 46.9 36.6 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.7 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.0 0.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 20.8 17.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 6.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 18.5 12.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 92.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.6 8.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 74 472 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 9.9 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.2 33.0 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.5 29.8 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –4.6 –1.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 11.8 14.3 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.2 17.0 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.7 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 19.6 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 9.9 11.7 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 7.4 37.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.3 38.5 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 13.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.9 37.2 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.6 1.7 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 135 Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.8 14.9 796 Labor force (millions) 5.7 6.7 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 220 330 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.7 7.4 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.6 30.5 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.0 16.1 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.2 10.0 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.3 53.4 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 15.4 7.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 118.4 150.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.0 30.6 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.2 47.2 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 145 Time to start a business (days) 39 39 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 84.0 84.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.6 2.6 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 32.6 28.2 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 23.6 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.4 0.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.1 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.8 3.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 15.3 11.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 20.6 20.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 98.5 59.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.2 17.9 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 36 314 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 2.8 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.2 21.7 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.0 16.9 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 9.2 18.4 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.0 21.1 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 7.9 16.0 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 19.6 17.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.2 21.0 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 45.0 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 6.4 1.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 3.3 20.4 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.4 2.3 5.6 136 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Malaysia East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 26.1 28.4 2,452 Labor force (millions) 11.0 12.0 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 3.7 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,110 7,760 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.1 4.2 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 8.4 10.6 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 49.7 44.4 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 29.6 26.1 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.9 45.0 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.0 1.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.8 3.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 117.5 97.3 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 94.6 79.5 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 18 Time to start a business (days) 37 6 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 75.0 75.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.3 1.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 36.0 34.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.0 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 37.7 41.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.5 2.5 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 48.6 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10.7 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 54.1 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 20,698 5,707 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 3.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.5 20.3 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.3 10.3 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.9 –5.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 43.8 53.1 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 123.2 132.4 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 113.6 128.8 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.7 9.1 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 9.6 3.4 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 110.8 114.9 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 1.3 –0.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.0 2.5 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 81.3 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,121 3,614 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 74.9 119.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 48.6 56.3 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 137 Maldives South Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.30 0.32 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.12 0.15 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.4 .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,350 5,750 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.1 8.5 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 9.9 3.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.7 14.5 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.0 3.8 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.4 82.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.5 4.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.8 12.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.5 49.7 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 88.7 67.3 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 79 Time to start a business (days) 9 9 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 9.0 9.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 9.3 9.3 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.7 0.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.2 3.1 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 53 490 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.4 8.6 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 40.9 .. 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –9.3 –22.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 40.3 44.2 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.6 104.2 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 44.6 76.7 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 46.1 64.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 13.5 10.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 6.3 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 69.0 156.4 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.9 28.3 34.1 138 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mali Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.2 15.4 796 Labor force (millions) 3.6 4.3 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.8 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 600 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.9 4.7 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.6 .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.2 .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.2 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.3 .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.4 1.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.6 .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.3 .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 146 Time to start a business (days) 41 8 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 12 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 31.0 31.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.6 3.6 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 52.2 51.8 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.8 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.4 2.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 31.1 20.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 7.0 29.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 48.4 32.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.6 24.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 504 837 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.5 1.6 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.0 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.5 –2.1 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 18.1 19.7 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 17.1 19.8 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.2 18.4 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 24.6 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 4.2 5.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 5.8 48.4 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.5 2.7 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 139 Malta High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.40 0.42 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.16 0.18 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.3 6.9 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,310 19,130 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.1 2.3 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.7 1.8 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 39.3 33.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.0 13.6 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.9 65.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.0 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.3 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.1 85.2 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 82.4 83.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.4 2.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 8.8 9.5 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 11.4 12.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.1 16.7 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.1 –3.6 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 83.4 81.7 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 136.7 160.2 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 137.6 148.7 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.9 10.8 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.9 7.2 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 106.5 131.4 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 2.9 1.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.8 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 87.5 87.5 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,913 4,416 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 80.2 109.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 41.8 63.1 73.4 140 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Marshall Islands East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.05 0.05 2,519 Labor force (millions) .. .. 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,560 3,640 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.8 0.9 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 106 Time to start a business (days) 17 17 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 64.9 64.9 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.7 5.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.3 7.0 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.9 3.5 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 141 Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.0 3.5 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.93 1.1 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 33.0 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 720 1,000 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.5 4.3 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 30.5 17.1 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.2 43.9 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.0 3.7 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 36.3 38.9 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.1 6.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 265.5 275.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 62.0 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 82.5 73.6 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 159 Time to start a business (days) 82 19 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 31.0 31.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 8.0 8.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 94.8 68.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.8 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 48.2 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 3.2 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 5.9 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 92 266 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 37.3 0.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 59.0 24.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 52.1 16.6 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 39.4 35.4 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 22.0 24.6 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.9 30.4 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 12.3 –2.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 15.1 9.0 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.3 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.7 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 24.5 79.3 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.7 3.0 13.5 142 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 1.2 1.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.55 0.60 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.6 7.7 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,360 7,850 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.3 4.6 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 6.0 3.6 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.6 26.9 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 19.8 18.0 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 66.4 69.4 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.9 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 29.5 30.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 59.9 52.4 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 65.9 63.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 23 Time to start a business (days) 46 6 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 35.0 4.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.7 1.7 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 23.4 25.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.6 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 6.3 6.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 7.3 7.3 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.6 9.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.3 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 48.4 37.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 18.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 28.4 11.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 393 63 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 4.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 21.4 24.9 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 18.8 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. –2.4 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 37.8 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 102.7 112.2 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 91.4 99.4 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.3 7.3 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.0 2.8 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 75.3 87.8 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 16.1 6.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.8 0.5 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 98.0 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 52.8 93.0 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.3 28.7 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 143 Mayotte Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.17 0.20 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 38 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 83.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 28.4 .. 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 34.1 144 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mexico Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 106.5 113.4 2,452 Labor force (millions) 44.3 49.6 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.5 5.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,820 8,930 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.9 1.1 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.7 3.9 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.0 34.3 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.4 18.0 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.3 61.8 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 4.0 4.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10.9 12.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.1 30.3 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.6 31.7 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 53 Time to start a business (days) 58 9 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 52.0 52.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 55.7 52.7 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.5 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 37.3 44.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 0.6 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 20.5 13.6 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 9.6 10.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 2.6 16.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 8.3 17.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 20.3 24.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 29,001 32,322 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.9 1.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 20.0 20.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 14.2 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 33.4 39.2 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 21.7 26.7 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.5 10.4 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.8 2.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 16.6 24.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 4.9 1.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.2 4.1 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 37.0 35.3 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,927 1,943 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.4 3.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 44.3 80.6 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 17.2 31.1 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 145 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.11 0.11 2,519 Labor force (millions) .. .. 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,510 2,740 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.3 –0.5 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 140 Time to start a business (days) 16 16 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.3 5.3 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 59.6 58.7 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 12.4 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 0.0 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 7.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 67.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 6.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 3.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.8 20.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 13.9 11.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 14.8 14.2 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 5.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 12.9 24.8 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 11.9 20.0 13.5 146 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Moldova Europe & Central Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.6 3.6 2,519 Labor force (millions) 1.4 1.2 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.3 6.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 1,810 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.1 2.9 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.5 14.3 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.3 13.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.9 12.7 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.1 72.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.0 7.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 12.6 12.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.1 39.6 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 91.7 78.2 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 81 Time to start a business (days) 30 9 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 29.0 37.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.8 2.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 48.2 31.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.6 4.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.5 1.3 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.7 7.0 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 45.2 15.5 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 27.0 30.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 30.4 24.3 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.2 9.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 273 555 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.4 3.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.6 22.7 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 22.6 21.9 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 1.8 –2.6 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 32.4 26.3 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 25.4 38.7 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 29.9 37.5 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.7 16.0 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.3 13.3 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.6 33.3 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 9.1 4.7 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 8.7 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.3 85.8 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,539 1,018 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.3 88.9 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.3 40.1 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 147 Monaco High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.04 0.04 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 123,100 183,150 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.7 7.7 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 100.0 100.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) .. .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 73.4 148 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Mongolia East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.5 2.8 2,519 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.2 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.3 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 1,870 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.7 6.4 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.1 16.2 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.2 37.5 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.4 7.3 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 41.7 46.3 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.7 10.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,205.2 1,357.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.8 54.7 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 63.6 62.4 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 86 Time to start a business (days) 13 13 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 9.0 9.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 39.8 24.6 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.2 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.0 12.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 20.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 42.3 26.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 6.7 20.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 20.5 16.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 22 .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.3 23.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.9 32.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 25.8 26.4 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.8 3.0 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 50.5 45.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 27.6 41.8 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 34.8 34.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.6 39.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 8.7 0.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 17.6 8.2 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 3.5 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,278 1,411 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.6 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 21.9 91.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.0 12.9 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 149 Montenegro Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.63 0.63 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 30.3 .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,580 6,740 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.8 4.3 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.5 9.2 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.7 19.5 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.8 5.4 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 68.8 71.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.9 0.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.5 35.6 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.1 63.6 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 56 Time to start a business (days) 24 10 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 39.0 28.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 31.6 22.3 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 7.1 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 2.0 0.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.2 0.9 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 12.7 6.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 3.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 18.6 75.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 30.9 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.0 13.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 248 486 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 25.5 18.5 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.0 21.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.3 15.8 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 15.3 10.6 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 5.3 21.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 18.0 66.9 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 2.0 7.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.1 5.8 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 7.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 86.7 185.1 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 28.8 52.0 34.1 150 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Morocco Middle East & North Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 30.4 32.0 2,519 Labor force (millions) 11.0 11.4 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.0 10.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,960 2,850 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.0 4.8 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.7 15.4 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.2 29.7 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.3 15.3 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.1 55.0 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.0 1.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.9 8.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.3 33.0 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.9 42.9 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 94 Time to start a business (days) 12 12 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 85.0 85.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.8 1.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 51.7 49.6 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 25.2 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 11.3 26.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.6 1.3 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.2 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 10.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 26.5 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.8 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 22.3 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 7,389 3,874 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.7 1.4 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 27.5 30.7 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 23.8 24.9 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.5 –2.6 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 57.3 50.3 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 73.0 105.2 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 71.5 89.6 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.7 8.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 15.7 4.4 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 46.2 68.7 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 9.9 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.0 .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 61.9 70.3 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 636 756 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.5 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.8 100.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.1 49.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 151 Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 20.8 23.4 796 Labor force (millions) 9.9 11.1 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 290 440 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.2 7.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 27.0 31.9 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 23.4 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.5 13.1 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.7 44.8 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.2 12.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 23.1 34.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.7 25.3 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.9 43.2 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 139 Time to start a business (days) 153 13 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 14 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 143.0 134.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 34.3 34.3 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 27.7 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 3.3 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 9.8 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 10.5 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 12.7 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.7 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 1,663 236 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.6 8.2 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.7 23.7 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 10.1 10.6 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 18.1 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.6 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 6.6 8.0 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 3.5 1.9 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.8 25.8 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 9.8 3.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 11.7 6.6 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 20.8 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 445 453 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 3.0 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.2 30.9 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.9 4.2 5.6 152 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Myanmar East Asia & Pacific Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 46.3 48.0 796 Labor force (millions) 26.0 28.0 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 13.0 11.2 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 46.7 36.4 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.5 26.0 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.8 19.5 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 35.8 37.6 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.4 7.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5.8 5.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 0.2 0.1 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 0.1 0.1 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 33 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 556 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 12.7 22.4 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.5 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 6.0 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 8.1 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 4.7 4.7 29.7 Real interest rate (%) –3.6 8.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.5 5.0 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 11.9 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 85 104 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.3 1.2 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.1 0.2 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 153 Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.1 2.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 0.78 0.93 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 21.9 37.6 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,300 4,510 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.4 3.8 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 11.3 7.5 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.2 19.6 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.6 7.7 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 72.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 4.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 7.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.5 38.9 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.3 37.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 78 Time to start a business (days) 95 66 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 24.0 24.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.5 1.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 13.1 9.8 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 4.0 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.1 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 17.6 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 36 9 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.3 6.5 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.6 23.5 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.2 14.9 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.0 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 59.7 .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.2 .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.8 8.4 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.3 2.0 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 51.8 45.6 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 4.8 0.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.4 4.7 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.8 14.7 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,416 1,576 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 1.6 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 21.6 67.2 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.0 6.5 34.1 154 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Nepal South Asia Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 27.3 30.0 796 Labor force (millions) 14.0 16.0 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 2.7 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 290 490 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.3 4.5 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.3 36.1 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.7 15.4 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.2 6.6 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 46.0 48.5 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.8 10.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 71.4 73.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.6 9.8 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.5 37.1 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 107 Time to start a business (days) 31 29 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 90.0 90.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 32.5 31.5 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.2 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 6.5 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 14.9 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 17.5 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 3.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 124 60 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.0 0.6 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 20.2 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.0 15.7 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.0 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) 51.8 43.8 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 38.8 65.0 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 41.7 61.6 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.4 55.6 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 1.9 –4.8 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.9 4.4 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 56.1 53.9 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 73 91 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 52.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 0.8 30.7 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.8 7.9 5.6 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 155 Netherlands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.3 16.6 1,127 Labor force (millions) 8.6 8.9 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.7 4.5 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 39,880 49,030 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.2 1.2 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.1 2.0 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.2 23.9 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 14.3 13.3 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 73.7 74.1 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.6 78.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.1 70.6 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 31 Time to start a business (days) 9 8 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.1 1.1 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 48.5 40.5 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 20.9 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.1 35.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.6 3.1 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 7.4 –2.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.9 18.2 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.1 –4.8 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 51.5 58.2 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 176.5 211.9 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 112.8 130.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 3.1 4.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.2 2.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 165.0 199.3 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 0.3 0.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 0.4 –0.6 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,988 6,896 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 97.0 115.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 80.9 90.7 73.4 156 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development New Caledonia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.23 0.25 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.10 0.11 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 96.0 .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 57.3 89.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 31.9 34.2 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 157 New Zealand High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.1 4.4 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.2 2.4 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.8 6.5 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 24,840 28,770 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.1 0.5 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.4 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.1 .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.3 .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.5 .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.2 2.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.4 1.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.4 28.7 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.6 27.2 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 3 Time to start a business (days) 12 1 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 2 1 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.3 1.3 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 36.2 34.4 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 29.9 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 63.3 47.9 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 23.5 17.1 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.4 –0.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 24.0 19.3 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 4.4 .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 44.8 .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 126.5 154.7 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 78.0 93.3 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 122.4 149.0 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.4 4.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 1.1 1.7 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 64.9 66.2 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 9,674 9,346 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 85.4 114.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 62.7 83.0 73.4 158 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.4 5.8 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.1 2.4 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.6 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 890 1,110 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.1 3.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 19.0 21.4 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.8 29.8 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.7 19.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.2 48.8 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.6 5.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 16.7 21.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 29.0 41.3 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.6 69.6 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 118 Time to start a business (days) 39 39 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 22.0 22.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.2 2.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 63.5 66.8 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.5 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 9.3 20.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 2.6 4.2 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 13.0 21.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 62.7 24.7 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.7 15.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 449 1,022 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.9 7.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 28.4 27.4 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 21.5 20.9 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.8 –1.0 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 30.4 32.9 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 36.2 39.9 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.3 .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 12.6 .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.3 32.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 2.0 10.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.1 10.3 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 12.0 11.6 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 414 460 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 12.5 6.8 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.6 65.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 2.6 10.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 159 Niger Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 13.0 15.5 796 Labor force (millions) 4.3 5.1 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 370 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.7 4.8 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 39.6 .. 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.1 .. 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.3 .. 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.2 .. 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.8 0.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.0 .. 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.2 .. 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 173 Time to start a business (days) 35 17 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 35.0 35.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.0 5.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 42.3 43.8 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.3 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.0 0.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 11.5 22.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 17.1 13.7 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 14.6 9.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 20.6 37.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 4.8 4.6 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 89 359 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.3 17.1 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.5 .. 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 12.2 .. 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.9 .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 7.5 13.4 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 7.7 11.4 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 6.8 12.6 29.7 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 20.6 20.7 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 20.7 20.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.5 24.5 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.2 0.8 5.6 160 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 139.8 158.4 2,519 Labor force (millions) 43.7 50.3 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 630 1,230 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.6 6.7 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 32.8 .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 43.5 .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 2.8 .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 23.7 .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 17.9 13.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 131.3 150.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.5 36.8 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.0 30.4 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 133 Time to start a business (days) 43 34 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 50.0 50.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 31.5 32.7 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.3 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.0 65.1 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.4 0.8 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 22.9 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 2.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 7.5 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 8.5 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 11,225 15,308 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 4.4 3.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 2.5 –1.7 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 3.6 3.0 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 17.6 42.6 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 13.9 34.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.4 3.2 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 18.1 17.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 13.2 28.1 40.1 Real interest rate (%) –1.5 5.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.4 11.1 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 15.0 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 128 121 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 26.3 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 55.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.5 28.4 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 161 Northern Mariana Islands High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.07 0.06 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.3 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) .. .. 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 29.9 .. 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) .. .. 73.4 162 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Norway High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.6 4.9 1,127 Labor force (millions) 2.4 2.6 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.6 3.6 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 62,490 87,350 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.1 0.7 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.5 1.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 42.6 40.2 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.7 9.2 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.9 58.2 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.5 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6.4 6.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 44.1 41.1 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.8 28.8 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 6 Time to start a business (days) 8 7 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 13.0 13.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 0.9 0.9 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 42.0 41.6 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 24.4 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 14.0 13.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.7 4.5 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 2.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.2 19.8 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 15.1 11.7 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 35.9 35.4 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 83.5 .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 51.1 .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.4 6.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 0.7 1.5 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 80.9 .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –4.5 11.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 2.2 2.0 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 79.6 80.7 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 25,083 23,550 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 102.8 115.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 82.0 93.3 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 163 Oman High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.4 2.8 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.90 1.2 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 11,190 18,260 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.1 7.1 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 1.9 .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 55.1 .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 8.3 .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 43.0 .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.9 3.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.4 0.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 58.6 52.6 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.2 41.5 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 49 Time to start a business (days) 35 8 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 4.0 4.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.0 4.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 19.5 22.0 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.4 3.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.8 1.7 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 31.0 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 14.7 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.0 3.2 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 29.3 40.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 26.8 35.8 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 14.6 13.5 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 7.0 3.3 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 30.8 48.2 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –11.1 40.4 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.8 3.5 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 39.7 46.0 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,449 5,724 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.9 165.5 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.7 62.0 73.4 164 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Pakistan South Asia Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 158.6 173.6 2,519 Labor force (millions) 51.5 59.7 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 5.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 710 1,050 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.0 4.0 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.5 21.2 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.1 25.4 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.6 16.8 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.4 53.4 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.1 13.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 59.5 85.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 15.7 13.6 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.6 18.8 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 105 Time to start a business (days) 24 21 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 10 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 90.0 90.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.8 2.8 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 43.6 35.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.9 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 4.2 2.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.0 0.0 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 58.8 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 9.7 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 106.3 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 9.6 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 7,083 14,051 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.0 1.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.5 13.8 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 13.1 10.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –3.2 –5.0 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 39.5 36.6 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.9 31.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.9 9.8 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 8.3 14.7 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.6 21.5 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 1.9 1.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.5 5.9 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 65.4 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 448 449 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 33.9 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 8.1 57.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 6.3 16.8 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 165 Palau East Asia & Pacific Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.02 0.02 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.2 .. 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,770 6,560 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.9 –0.6 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.5 .. 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.1 .. 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 0.5 .. 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 80.4 .. 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 77.2 80.8 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.8 100.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 116 Time to start a business (days) 24 28 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 8 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 1.0 1.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 73.0 73.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 65.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.6 1.4 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 83.2 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 30.4 70.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 27.0 .. 34.1 166 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Panama Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.2 3.5 2,452 Labor force (millions) 1.5 1.6 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.8 6.5 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,640 6,970 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.4 7.9 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.0 5.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.6 16.8 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.4 6.1 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 76.5 77.9 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.2 3.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1.0 1.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.5 65.2 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.1 69.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 61 Time to start a business (days) 18 8 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 44.0 44.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.3 45.2 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 13.7 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 12.6 0.5 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 6.3 0.3 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 10.3 33.3 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 7.7 6.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.2 1.2 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 10.2 1.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.7 22.5 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 712 2,139 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.9 8.8 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.8 25.6 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 21.7 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 87.7 87.5 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 73.8 86.2 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.8 12.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.8 1.1 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 87.1 91.5 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 6.8 4.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.0 4.7 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 34.1 42.0 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 1,496 1,735 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 4.2 2.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 54.0 184.7 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 11.5 42.7 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 167 Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 6.1 6.9 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.7 3.0 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 680 1,300 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.6 6.1 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 38.6 35.8 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 41.4 44.8 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.5 5.9 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 19.9 19.5 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.8 6.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.1 2.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 73.6 55.9 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.1 53.1 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 101 Time to start a business (days) 51 51 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 39.0 39.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 41.7 42.3 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. 150 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.8 0.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.1 16.7 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.3 .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 69.7 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 22.2 .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 25.3 .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 14.0 31.8 40.1 Real interest rate (%) –3.8 1.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 10.6 9.1 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 1.2 27.8 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 1.7 1.3 13.5 168 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Paraguay Latin America & Caribbean Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.9 6.5 2,519 Labor force (millions) 2.7 3.1 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.8 5.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,220 2,720 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 2.6 4.8 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 21.1 22.3 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.7 20.4 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.9 12.2 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.2 57.3 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 6.8 4.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 6,178.0 4,735.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.2 57.1 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.6 55.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 102 Time to start a business (days) 74 35 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 99.0 99.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.9 3.9 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 54.3 35.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 9.6 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 7.9 20.7 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 24.5 14.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 8.2 30.1 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 27.2 23.2 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 7.1 15.0 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 199 636 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.7 1.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.3 18.2 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.1 13.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 0.7 1.4 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 15.7 35.7 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 19.1 28.4 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 11.0 9.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.6 1.3 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 17.6 37.8 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 20.2 18.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 28.2 24.8 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 849 1,056 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 2.3 3.2 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 32.0 91.7 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 7.9 19.8 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 169 Peru Latin America & Caribbean Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 27.6 29.1 2,452 Labor force (millions) 12.8 15.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.4 6.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,680 4,700 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.3 7.1 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.2 8.3 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.3 34.3 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.4 16.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.5 57.5 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.6 1.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.3 2.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.1 25.1 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.2 22.2 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 41 Time to start a business (days) 102 26 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 5 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 52.0 17.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.1 3.1 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 41.6 40.7 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 26.6 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 29.9 51.2 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 1.7 2.7 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 13.5 14.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 1.6 8.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 30.9 45.9 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 81.6 33.4 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.6 14.2 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 5,415 8,792 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.2 4.7 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.3 24.5 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.5 18.8 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.8 0.3 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 31.2 21.6 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 21.7 26.2 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.2 30.3 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.7 9.5 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 6.3 2.6 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 19.4 24.3 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 21.9 11.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 22.9 17.4 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 13.9 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 839 1,136 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 0.9 1.7 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 20.3 100.1 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 17.1 34.3 34.1 170 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Philippines East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 85.5 93.3 2,519 Labor force (millions) 34.8 38.7 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.7 7.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,210 2,060 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.7 4.7 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.7 12.3 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 33.8 32.6 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 24.1 21.4 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 53.5 55.1 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7.6 3.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 55.1 45.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 46.1 34.8 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 51.7 36.6 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 136 Time to start a business (days) 47 35 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 17 15 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 91.0 91.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 5.7 5.7 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 49.8 46.5 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.0 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 13.5 11.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.9 9.1 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 21.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 21.8 22.0 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 23.1 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 15.8 15.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 8,988 17,614 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.8 0.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.9 20.5 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 16.8 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –2.8 –3.5 –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) 73.9 .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 45.4 46.5 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 53.5 53.5 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.0 11.7 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 10.0 3.8 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.1 29.6 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 4.1 3.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.6 4.5 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 9.9 .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 582 593 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 0.9 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 40.7 85.7 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 5.4 25.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 171 Poland High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 38.2 38.2 1,127 Labor force (millions) 17.4 18.2 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 17.7 9.6 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7,290 12,440 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.2 4.7 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.5 3.5 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.7 31.6 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.5 18.5 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 64.8 64.8 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.1 2.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.2 3.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 42.3 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.8 43.5 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 62 Time to start a business (days) 31 32 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 13.0 13.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 43.8 43.6 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 17.4 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 13.0 14.4 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.5 0.5 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.9 12.8 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 30.4 4.8 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 33.3 40.7 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.4 83.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 19.6 17.3 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 21,157 13,868 .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.4 1.9 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 18.2 19.9 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –4.0 –6.1 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 46.9 48.1 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 39.1 64.4 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.3 48.5 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.9 9.1 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.0 8.8 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 28.9 54.8 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 4.1 .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) 4.0 .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 66.5 69.9 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,437 3,591 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 76.4 123.0 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 38.8 62.5 73.4 172 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Portugal High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.5 10.6 1,127 Labor force (millions) 5.5 5.6 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.6 10.8 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 18,060 21,870 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 0.7 0.3 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 2.8 2.4 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 24.9 23.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.0 13.5 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 72.3 74.5 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.3 1.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.7 31.0 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 38.2 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 30 Time to start a business (days) 54 5 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 5 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 95.0 97.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 45.2 43.3 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 15.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 25.8 27.8 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 3.7 3.9 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.1 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 52.1 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 24.4 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 5.7 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 12.7 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 2.1 0.6 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 19.8 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –5.5 –8.7 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 70.3 84.0 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 144.4 208.3 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 90.0 126.6 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 5.8 6.4 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.5 3.3 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 140.7 191.0 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 86.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 4,663 4,815 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 108.5 142.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 35.0 51.3 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 173 Puerto Rico High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.9 4.0 1,127 Labor force (millions) 1.5 1.4 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 11.3 13.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 14,190 15,500 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 1.9 –1.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 0.6 0.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 47.9 50.1 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 43.0 46.4 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 51.5 49.3 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 82.8 77.9 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 101.0 92.3 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 43 Time to start a business (days) 7 6 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 7 6 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.8 3.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 57.6 63.1 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 28.3 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 14.4 9.1 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 95.0 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 51.0 73.8 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 22.6 42.7 73.4 174 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Qatar High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.82 1.8 1,127 Labor force (millions) 0.52 1.3 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1.5 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. .. 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 8.7 20.9 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.8 –2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.6 3.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.3 46.7 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.0 31.2 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 36 Time to start a business (days) 6 12 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 6 8 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 69.0 69.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.8 2.8 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 11.3 11.3 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 0.0 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 5.8 8.3 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 33.1 39.3 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 9.5 15.2 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 44.3 69.8 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 48.5 55.3 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 34.9 51.5 164.0 Real interest rate (%) –15.5 31.0 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 3.5 4.4 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 16,294 14,421 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 87.3 132.4 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 24.7 81.6 73.4 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 175 Romania Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 21.6 21.4 2,452 Labor force (millions) 10.0 10.2 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 7.3 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,920 7,850 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.8 2.9 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.1 7.1 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.0 26.2 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 23.5 21.8 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.9 66.7 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.0 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.9 3.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 32.9 23.5 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 43.3 29.8 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 72 Time to start a business (days) 11 14 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 5 6 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 6.0 8.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 4.6 3.3 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 57.2 44.4 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 10.4 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 92.3 56.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 5.9 3.7 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 1.1 9.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 27.4 12.1 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 31.4 37.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 23.6 42.0 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 18.2 26.1 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 5,264 11,443 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 6.6 1.8 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 23.0 31.1 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 20.6 28.2 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –1.0 –4.6 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 20.7 51.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 24.8 33.1 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.2 8.9 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.6 11.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 20.0 46.1 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 6.5 10.1 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.2 6.8 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 30.2 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 2,331 2,267 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 3.0 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 61.7 114.9 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 21.6 40.0 34.1 176 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Russian Federation Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 143.2 141.8 2,452 Labor force (millions) 73.4 75.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.2 7.5 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4,460 9,900 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 6.2 3.1 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 5.0 4.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 38.1 36.7 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.3 16.4 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 57.0 59.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.7 6.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 28.3 30.4 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.2 30.0 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.5 21.7 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 120 Time to start a business (days) 31 30 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 9 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 17.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.0 2.0 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 60.0 46.9 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 8.9 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 502.6 261.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 4.9 2.6 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.2 19.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 59.3 17.4 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 15.8 30.6 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.2 57.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 11.3 11.7 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 24,789 69,412 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 1.7 2.9 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 17.8 21.9 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 15.2 19.1 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 9.9 –1.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) 16.7 9.4 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 29.3 46.5 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.7 40.3 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 12.8 14.0 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 2.6 8.2 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 27.5 45.1 83.2 Real interest rate (%) –7.2 –0.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 6.7 4.8 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 84.4 .. 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 5,785 6,136 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.5 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 83.8 167.7 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 15.3 43.4 34.1 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 177 Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa Low income Low- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 9.2 10.6 796 Labor force (millions) 4.5 5.2 364 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 270 520 530 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.3 7.4 5.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 38.4 33.9 25.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.1 14.4 25.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.0 6.4 14.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.5 51.8 48.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 9.0 2.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 557.8 583.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.4 11.6 20.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 25.2 29.0 33.4 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 45 Time to start a business (days) 18 3 33 Procedures to start a business (number) 9 2 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 26.0 26.0 63.5 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.7 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 47.1 31.3 67.8 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 21.2 18.7 New businesses registered (thousands) 0.4 3.0 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.1 0.5 0.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 5.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 4.9 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 15.9 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 18.2 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 10.8 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 74 414 21,616 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 0.8 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 15.8 21.6 22.4 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 7.0 10.5 16.0 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 12.6 .. 34.8 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 14.2 .. 31.7 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 9.4 11.4 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 29.0 10.8 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 11.2 .. 29.7 Real interest rate (%) 6.3 14.3 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 8.1 9.6 9.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 19.0 .. 20.7 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 229 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 13.6 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 2.4 33.4 33.1 Internet users (per 100 people) 0.6 13.0 5.6 178 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Samoa East Asia & Pacific Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.18 0.18 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.07 0.07 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,090 2,980 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.9 0.6 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.2 9.8 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.6 28.2 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.7 10.0 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.2 62.0 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.9 0.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2.7 2.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.9 32.0 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.4 58.8 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 60 Time to start a business (days) 35 9 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 8 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 9.0 9.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.5 2.5 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 20.2 18.9 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.9 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. 13.9 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. 19.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. 48.3 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. 9.8 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. 31.4 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) –0.7 0.1 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 34.9 .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 37.6 .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 39.1 45.0 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 10.5 8.2 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 7.1 8.0 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 5.4 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 13.3 91.0 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 3.4 7.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 179 San Marino High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.03 0.03 1,127 Labor force (millions) .. .. 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.8 .. 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 40,370 50,400 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 3.2 3.1 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. .. 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) .. .. 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. .. 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 2.6 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 0.8 0.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. .. Time to start a business (days) .. .. 17 Procedures to start a business (number) .. .. 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. .. 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) .. .. 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) .. .. 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. .. 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) .. .. 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) 5.4 2.4 –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) 51.1 58.2 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) .. .. 164.0 Real interest rate (%) 5.2 4.5 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 5.8 4.7 .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 56.6 76.1 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 50.3 54.2 73.4 180 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development São Tomé and Príncipe Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.15 0.17 2,519 Labor force (millions) 0.05 0.06 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 16.7 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 770 1,200 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 7.0 5.4 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.8 .. 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.5 .. 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 6.4 .. 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.7 .. 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 17.2 12.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10,558.0 18,498.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 163 Time to start a business (days) 144 10 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 4 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 91.0 91.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 6.2 6.2 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 46.9 32.5 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 22.1 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 52 .. 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 13.8 12.5 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) .. .. 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) .. .. 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) .. .. .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) .. .. .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 26.7 39.7 40.1 Real interest rate (%) 22.0 13.9 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 19.0 17.8 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. .. 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) .. .. 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 7.8 62.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 13.8 18.8 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 181 Saudi Arabia High income High- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.0 27.4 1,127 Labor force (millions) 8.1 9.6 551 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.3 5.4 8.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 12,230 16,190 38,746 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.0 2.6 0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 3.2 2.6 1.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 63.2 62.0 23.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.4 10.1 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 33.5 35.5 75.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.7 5.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3.7 3.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 60.9 56.8 27.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 27.8 35.4 28.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 12 Time to start a business (days) 64 5 17 Procedures to start a business (number) 13 3 6 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 80.0 80.0 38.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.8 1.5 2.1 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 14.5 14.5 37.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 2.1 13.0 New businesses registered (thousands) .. .. New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) .. .. 6.8 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) .. .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) .. .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) .. .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) .. .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) .. .. .. Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 3.8 5.0 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 16.5 21.0 17.9 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) .. .. .. Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –7.5 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. 58.2 Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 50.4 58.6 139.2 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 18.6 31.4 108.8 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 8.8 12.6 6.8 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 1.9 3.0 4.1 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 36.9 47.6 164.0 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. .. Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 21.5 .. 81.1 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 6,553 7,427 9,064 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 58.9 187.9 110.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 12.7 41.0 73.4 182 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa Lower middle income Lower middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.9 12.4 2,519 Labor force (millions) 4.6 5.4 994 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 10.0 .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 800 1,080 1,623 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 4.6 3.5 6.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.7 17.4 17.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.8 22.4 31.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.2 13.3 16.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.5 60.2 51.7 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1.7 1.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 527.5 495.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.9 24.8 27.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 42.5 43.0 31.0 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 154 Time to start a business (days) 58 5 34 Procedures to start a business (number) 10 3 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 38.0 38.0 63.9 Resolving insolvency (years) 3.0 3.0 3.3 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 50.7 46.0 40.4 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 14.8 16.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 1.2 1.6 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 0.2 0.2 0.9 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 2.9 .. Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 18.7 .. Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 19.8 .. Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 9.4 .. ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 6.1 .. Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 742 1,989 301,804 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.5 1.8 2.1 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 29.7 29.0 25.7 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 19.7 18.2 17.7 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) .. .. –3.6 Government debt (% of GDP) .. .. .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 24.7 30.3 58.0 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 25.4 31.0 52.1 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 7.6 10.0 .. Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 11.9 20.2 .. Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 23.3 25.9 40.1 Real interest rate (%) .. .. Interest rate spread (percentage points) .. .. 8.7 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) 29.3 32.0 48.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 163 196 644 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) 11.8 .. Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 15.9 67.1 71.7 Internet users (per 100 people) 4.8 16.0 13.5 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2012 183 Serbia Europe & Central Asia Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 7.4 7.3 2,452 Labor force (millions) 4.0 3.5 1,314 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.8 19.2 5.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3,430 5,630 5,886 GDP growth, 2000–05 and 2005–10 (average annual %) 5.3 2.0 6.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 12.1 9.0 7.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 29.0 26.6 36.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 17.4 15.6 21.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 58.9 64.3 55.8 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 16.1 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 66.7 77.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 26.2 34.9 28.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 47.2 51.4 26.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1=best) .. 92 Time to start a business (days) 23 13 38 Procedures to start a business (number) 11 7 8 Firing cost (weeks of wages) 17.0 25.0 41.4 Resolving insolvency (years) 2.7 2.7 2.8 Total tax rate (% of commercial profits) 35.8 34.0 41.9 Profit tax (% of commercial profits) .. 11.6 17.0 New businesses registered (thousands) 10.2 9.7 New business density (new regis. per 1,000 working-age pop.) 2.0 1.9 2.3 Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) 6.9 12.2 Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (%) 59.6 3.6 Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) 30.2 42.8 Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) 17.7 109.5 ISO certification ownership (% of firms) 14.1 21.8 Private sector investment Invest. in infra. w/privt. part., 2000–05 and 2006–10 ($ millions) 564 3,024 259,433 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 8.1 3.5 2.7 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 19.0 22.8 27.5 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 16.3 19.2 18.5 Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) –0.9 –3.9 .. Government debt (% of GDP) .. 38.7 .. Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) 31.2 61.1 94.3 Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) 23.6 42.0 51.2 Bank capital to asset ratio (%) 16.2 19.7 10.4 Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) 22.2 16.9 3.7 Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) 29.0 51.5 83.2 Real interest rate (%) 1.0 7.6 Interest rate spread (percentage points) 13.1 6.0 5.8 Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) .. 63.2 57.6 Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) 3,922 4,224 2,714 Power outages in firms a typical month (number) .. 1.1 Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) 74.1 136.0 84.5 Internet users (per 100 people) 27.1 43.1 34.1 184 2012 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development Seychelles Sub-Saharan Africa Upper middle income Upper middle- income Country data group 2005 2010 2010 Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.08 0.09 2,452 Labor force (millions) .. .. 1,314 Unemployme