1 Tracking Access to Electricity 2014/9 88060 A KNOWLEDGE NOTE SERIES FOR THE ENERGY PRACTICE THE BOTTOM LINE Tracking Access to Electricity Between 1990 and 2010, 1.7 billion people gained Why is this issue important? Group and the UN Secretary-General, SE4ALL calls governments, access to electricity, while the businesses, and civil society to address urgent energy challenges by global population expanded Electrification yields significant social and economic 2030 (SE4ALL 2012). by 1.6 billion. Most of the returns To support the achievement of these goals, a starting point incremental electrification must be set, indicators developed, and a framework established to occurred in urban areas. Access to electricity in flexible, reliable, and sustainable forms brings track those indicators until 2030. The World Bank and International Regionally, Sub-Saharan Africa a range of social and economic benefits, enabling people to leap Energy Agency have led a consortium of 15 international agencies to was an exception. There, growth from poverty to a better future, enhancing the quality of household produce data on access to electricity for the SE4ALL Global Tracking in the electrified population life, and stimulating the broader economy. Modern energy is essen- Framework. Launched in 2013, the framework defines electricity was slower than growth tial for the provision of health care; clean water and sanitation; and access as the presence of an electricity connection in the household in population. Worldwide, reliable and efficient lighting, heating, cooking, mechanical power, as typically reported through household surveys. The report is under- 1.2 billion people—17 percent transportation, and telecommunications. pinned by several databases, including the World Bank Electrification of the global population—still Achieving universal access to modern energy services is one of Database (box 1). lacked access to electricity the three complementary objectives of the Sustainable Energy for All in 2010. About 85 percent of (SE4ALL) initiative. Formally launched in the UN General Assembly in those without access live in September 2012 and co-chaired by the president of the World Bank rural areas; 87 percent are found in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia. Box 1. Assembling the data on access to electricity Various household sources were leveraged to establish a historical demand-side data. In particular, utility data may fail to capture (i) highly series of data on electrification in 212 countries between 1990 and 2010. decentralized forms of electrification in rural areas and (ii) illegal access to Data were collected from various sources and nationally representative electricity in urban areas. household surveys (including national censuses). Survey sources Sudeshna Ghosh included Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Living Standards Surveys such as the DHS and the LSMS/income-expenditure surveys are Banerjee is a senior Measurement Surveys (LSMS), Multi-Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), the typically conducted every 3–4 years, whereas most censuses are held economist in the World World Health Survey (WHS), other nationally developed and implemented every 10 years. Thus, some countries have gaps in available data in any Bank’s Energy Practice surveys, and data from various government agencies (for example, given year. There are 42 countries with no data points; for those countries, ministries of energy and utilities)—all captured in the World Bank Global the weighted regional average was used as an estimate for access to Elisa Portale is an Electrification Database. While utility data are a valuable complement to electricity in each of the data periods. For the 170 countries with between energy economist in the household survey data, they provide a different (supply side) perspective one and three data points, missing data were estimated using a model same practice. on access and cannot be expected to yield the same results as with region, country, and time variables. 2 Tracking Access to Electricity Figure 1. The electricity access deficit in 2010 (in millions) Figure 2a. Top 20 access-deficit countries: home to 889 million of the 1.2 billion people in the world who lack access to electricity India 306.2 Other Nigeria 82.4 157 Bangladesh 66.6 Ethiopia 63.9 Congo, DR 55.9 “Sub-Saharan Africa and SSA Rural Tanzania 38.2 590 With access, Without access, 993 Kenya 31.2 Oceania are the only world 5.7 billion, 1.17 billion, Sudan 30.9 83% 17% Uganda 28.5 regions where most of Myanmar 24.6 SA Mozambique 19.9 the population remains 418 Urban Afghanistan 18.5 173 Korea DPR 18.0 nonelectrified.” Madagascar 17.8 Philippines 15.6 Pakistan 15.0 Burkina Faso 14.3 Niger 14.1 Source: World Bank Global Electrification Database 2012. Indonesia 14.0 Note: The regional groupings used in this figure, and in the note generally, are those used by the Malawi 13.6 United Nations. Australia and New Zealand are included in the developed countries group (and 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 not in Oceania). CCA = Caucasus and Central Asia; DEV = industrialized world; EA = Eastern Access deficit (millions of people) Asia; LAC = Latin America and the Caribbean; NA = Northern Africa; SEA = Southeastern Asia; SA = Southern Asia; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa; WA = Western Asia. Source: World Bank Global Electrification Database 2012. What is the current level of access? Three-quarters of the global access deficit was Figure 2b. The 20 countries with the lowest rates of access to located in 20 countries in 2010 electricity In 2010, 1.2 billion people—17 percent of the global population—still Zambia 18.5 lacked access to electricity. About 85 percent of those without Mauritania 18.2 Lesotho 17.0 access to electricity live in rural areas; 87 percent are found in Sub- Mali Congo, DR 15.2 16.6 Saharan Africa and Southern Asia (figure 1). Mozambique 15.0 Tanzania 14.8 Sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania are the only world regions Uganda 14.6 PNG 14.5 where most of the population remains nonelectrified. Urban Madagascar 14.3 Burkina Faso 13.1 areas have achieved more than a 90 percent electrification rate in Sierra Leone 12.1 Rwanda 10.8 every region except Sub-Saharan Africa (63 percent of the urban CAR 9.5 Niger 9.3 population) and Oceania (65 percent). Rural areas have achieved Malawi 8.7 Burundi 5.3 more than 60 percent electrification in all regions except these two, Liberia 4.1 Chad 3.5 where only 14 percent of the rural population is electrified. Thus, the South Sudan 1.5 electrification challenge remains concentrated in rural areas and in 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Access rate (%) The top 20 countries with the greatest access deficits measured Source: World Bank Global Electrification Database 2012. in absolute terms are home to 889 million people who lack access to Note: Congo, DR = Democratic Republic of Congo; Korea, DPR = Democratic People’s Republic electricity (figure 2a), more than two-thirds of the global total. Eight of Korea; PNG = Papua New Guinea; CAR = Central African Republic. 3 Tracking Access to Electricity are in Asia and twelve in Africa. India’s share is the largest—India’s Table 1. Rate of electrification, by region, 1990–2010 nonelectrified population is equivalent to the total population of the United States. Of the 20 countries with the lowest electrification % of total population with access to electricity rates, 19 are in Sub-Saharan Africa (figure 2b). Moreover, half of 1990 2000 2010 the globe’s rural dwellers without access to electricity are found Oceania 21 23 25 “India’s nonelectrified in Sub-Saharan Africa. Across the subcontinent, 28 countries have Sub-Saharan Africa 23 26 32 access rates of less than 30 percent. In seven, the rate is lower than Southern Asia 52 63 75 population is equivalent to 10 percent. Southeast Asia 71 81 88 the total population of the Northern Africa 85 92 99 United States.” How has access evolved historically? Latin America and Caribbean 88 92 95 Growth in access to electricity has slightly exceeded Western Asia 89 89 91 population growth East Asia 93 96 98 Caucasus and Central Asia 95 99 100 The share of the global population with access to electricity rose Industrialized world 100 100 100 from 76 percent (3.9 billion people) in 1990 to approximately WORLD 76 79 83 83 percent (5.7 billion people) in 2010. Southern Asia and Southeast Asia all witnessed dramatic progress, registering increases of 24 Source: World Bank Global Electrification Database 2012. and 17 percentage points, respectively, over the two decades. Sub-Saharan Africa followed far behind, with an increase from 23 to 32 percent during the same period (table 1). Although the absolute number of people with access to elec- tricity increased by 1.7 billion between 1990 and 2010, the global of 1.9 percent. The global annual average increase in access was population grew by 1.6 billion, holding back the increase in the share 1.3 percent (figure 4). However, even among the fastest-moving of the population with access, which rose from 76 to 83 percent countries, none has been able to increase electrification by more during the period. than about three percentage points of the population each year. Most of the incremental electrification over the period 1990–2010 occurred in urban areas, where electrification grew by 1.7 percent What will access look like in 2030? of the population annually, about twice the rate in rural areas (0.8). Population growth and urbanization will continue to However, even with this significant expansion, electrification only just kept pace with rapid urbanization, so that the overall urban shape the evolution of access to electricity electrification rate remained relatively stable, growing from 94 to The future is increasingly urban. The world population is expected 95 percent over the period. By contrast, more modest growth in rural to increase by 2.3 billion between 2011 and 2050, reaching 9 billion populations allowed the rural electrification rate to increase more in 2050. By then, about 6.3 billion people will live in urban areas. The steeply, from 61 to 70 percent, despite a much lower overall level of rural population is expected to start slowing in about a decade, and electrification in the rural space (figure 3). by 2030 there will be fewer people living in rural areas than today. The 20 countries that made the most progress between 1990 The urban populations of Asia and Africa will increase dramatically— and 2010 provided electricity to an additional 1.3 billion people. by 1.6 billion and 0.9 billion, respectively (UN 2011). As a result, it will India made particularly rapid progress, electrifying an average of become increasingly important to support urban electrification with 24 million people annually since 1990, with an annual growth rate new and innovative solutions. 4 Tracking Access to Electricity Figure 3. Global and regional progress in access to electricity, 1990–2010 Population with access in 1990 Rural Incremental increase in access, 1990–2010 Population without access in 2010 Urban “Although the absolute number of people with Total access to electricity increased by 1.7 billion 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Population (million) between 1990 and 2010, the global population grew SA EA by 1.6 billion, holding back DEV the increase in the share SSA SEA of the population with LAC Population with access in 1990 access.” WA NA Incremental increase in access, 1990–2010 CCA Population without access in 2010 Oceania 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Population (million) Source: WHO Global Household Energy Database 2012. Note: SA = Southern Asia; EA = East Asia; DEV = industrialized world; SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa; SEA = Southeast Asia; LAC = Latin America and Caribbean; WA = Western Asia; NA = Northern Africa; CCA = Caucasus and Central Asia. Figure 4. The 20 countries with the greatest annual increases in access to electricity, 1990–2010 Incremental Access (million) Incremental Total Population (million) 25 4% Annual growth in Access (%) Annual growth in access (%) 20 Population (million) 3% 15 2% 10 1% 5 0 0% ia ina ia tan h zil es a o m n co y uth d q bia ia i t ud yp rke eri es xic Ira an Ira iop Ind es tna Bra pin roc lom Ch Sa Eg kis So lad ail Nig on Me Tu Eth Vie ilip Mo Pa Th Ind ng Co Ph Ba Source: World Bank Global Electrification Database 2012. 5 Tracking Access to Electricity Figure 5. Number of people without access to electricity in rural is likely to proceed much more slowly. Access to electricity will and urban areas, by region, 2010–2030 improve in relative terms in all regions except Sub-Saharan Africa, where the current trend will worsen over time. Sub-Saharan Africa Rest of world South-Eastern Asia Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia is projected to overtake developing Asia in a few years as the region 1,200 with the largest population without access to electricity. “It will become increasingly 1,000 important to support urban Million people 800 References electrification with new and 600 400 IEA (International Energy Agency). 2012. World Energy Outlook 2012. innovative solutions.” 200 Paris SE4ALL (Sustainable Energy for All Initiative). 2012. In Support of the 0 2010 2010 2020 2020 2030 2030 Objective to Achieve Universal Access to Modern Energy Services Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban by 2030. Technical Report of Task Force 1: New York. http://www .sustainableenergyforall.org/about-us. Source: Based on the “New Policies Scenario” presented in IEA (2012). UN, 2011. World Urbanization Prospects, 2011 Revision. New York. http://esa.un.org/unup/pdf/WUP2011_Highlights.pdf. World Bank. 2013. Global Tracking Framework. Sustainable Energy for The number of people lacking access to electricity around the All. Washington, DC. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/ world will decline to just over 990 million in 2030, around 12 percent en/2013/05/17765643/global-tracking-framework-vol-3-3- of the global population at that time under the assumptions of the main-report. IEA New Policies Scenario, which anticipates the continuation and This note is based on chapter 2 of the Global Tracking Framework prepared implementation of currently announced policies. About 1.7 billion by the Sustainable Energy for All Initiative and published by the World people will gain access to electricity by 2030, but that achievement Bank in 2013. The GTF underwent Bankwide peer review; reviewers will be diluted, to a large extent, by global population growth (figure included Dana Rysankova, Jeff Chelsky, Mohua Mukherjee, and Todd 5). Whereas urban residents without electricity will be a very small Johnson. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/05/17765643/ proportion of the total urban population in 2030, rural electrification global-tracking-framework-vol-3-3-main-report 6 Tracking Access to Electricity MAKE FURTHER CONNECTIONS Live Wire 2014/6. “Measuring the Results of World Bank Lending in the Energy Sector,” by Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee, Ruchi Soni, and Elisa Portale. Live Wire 2014/8. “Widening Access to Nonsolid Fuel for Cooking,” by Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee, Elisa Portale, Heather Adair-Rohani, and Sophie Bonjour. This page intentionally left blank 7 Get Connected to Live Wire Get Connected to Live Wire Live Wires have been designed for easy reading on the screen and for The Live Wire series of online knowledge notes is a new initiative of the World Bank Group’s downloading and self-printing “Live Wire is designed Energy Practice, reflecting the emphasis on knowledge management and solutions-oriented in color or black and white. knowledge that is emerging from the ongoing change process within the Bank Group. for practitioners inside Professional printing can and outside the Bank. Each Live Wire delivers, in 3–6 attractive, highly readable pages, knowledge that is immediately also be undertaken on relevant to front-line practitioners. It is a resource to a customized basis for Live Wires take a variety of forms: specific events or occasions share with clients and by contacting GSDPM • Topic briefs offer technical knowledge on key energy issues counterparts.” Customer Service Center at • Case studies highlight lessons from experiences in implementation (202) 458-7479, or sending a • Global trends provide analytical overviews of key energy data written request to cgsdpm@ • Bank views portray the Bank Group’s energy-sector activities worldbank.org. Easily reached from the Energy Practice’s Web Portal (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/ energy/publication/livewire) or through the Open Knowledge Repository (https://openknowledge .worldbank.org then click Collections choose 7. Knowledge Notes and search alphabetically for Live Wires) issues of Live Wire will also be featured in the bi-monthly Newsletter World Bank Energy Digest. Each Live Wire will be peer-reviewed by seasoned practitioners in the Bank. Once a year, the Energy Practice takes stock of all notes that appeared, reviewing their quality and identifying priority areas to be covered in the following year’s pipeline. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org 1 U n d e r s ta n d i n g C O 2 e m i s s i O n s f r O m t h e g lObal energy seCtOr 2014/5 A KNOWLEDGE NOTE SERIES FOR THE ENERGY PRACTICE THE BOTTOM LINE Understanding CO2 Emissions from the Global Energy Sector the energy sector contributes about 40 percent of global 2014/4 emissions of CO2. three- Why is this issue important? xas The Case of Te renewable ene rgy T o T h eof quarters r i d : emissions gthose Mitigating climate change requires knowledge of the Figure 2. energy-related CO2 1 TransmiTTing come from six major Figure 1. CO2 emissions sources of CO2 emissions by sector emissions by country economies. although coal-fired LICs plants account for just Identifying opportunities to cut emissions of greenhouse gases 0.5% requires a clear understanding of the main sources of those emis- 40 percent of world energy Residential Other were Esions. N E R Carbon G Y P R A C T dioxideICE(CO2) accounts for more than 80 percent of 6% sectors Other MICs production, they S FOR T H E LEDGE NOTE SERIE 10% 15% A KNOW total greenhouse gas emissions globally, primarily from the burning 1 China responsible for more than Other HICs 30% of fossil fuels (IFCC 2007). The energy sector—defined to include Energy 8% 70 percent of energy-sector Energy to the Grid: fuels consumed for electricity and heat generation—contributed 41 Industry 41% Japan 4% emissions in 2010. if warming is Transmitting Renewable 20% Russia to be limited to two degrees percent of global CO2 emissions in 2010 (figure 1). Energy-related 7% USA THE BOTTOM LINE CO2 emissions at the point of combustion make up the bulk of such Other transport Road India 19% Celsius, therefore, steep 7% EU The Case of Texas emissions and are generated by the burning of fossil fuels, industrial 6% transport 11% states reductions will have to be made Texas leads the United 16% waste, and nonrenewable municipal waste to generate electricity with 9,528 mw of installed in the use of coal to generate face? and leakage emissions What challenge did they and heat. Black carbon and methane venting Notes: Energy-related CO2 emissions are CO2 emissions from the energy sector at the point wind power capacity—a electricity in the larger bunkers, domestic note. of combustion. Other Transport includes international marine and aviation ? are not included in the analysis presented in this level exceeded by only four Why is this case interesting economies. t was contingent on aviation and navigation, rail and pipeline transport; Other Sectors include commercial/public Transmission investmen yet needed to precede it tion, and other emissions not specified elsewhere; Energy = fuels consumed for electricity and and heat genera- services, agriculture/forestry, fishing, energy industries other than electricity countries. The state needed and accelerate more infrastructure to transmit Texas needed to prioritize Where do emissions generation come ents commitm from? HIC, MIC, and LIC refer to high-, middle-, wind sites tremendous needs for trans-heat generation, as defined in the opening paragraph. electricity generated from development of remote EmissionsTexas are faced the challenge of meeting concentrated in a handful of countries from and low-income countries. producer of generation renewable sources, but the century, Texas was a major e triggered by the scale-up Source: IEA 2012a. During much of the twentieth is now taking advantage and primarily mission come infrastructur from burning coal infrastructur e can take longer to regulator could not approve States. The state of petroleum in the United Vivien Foster is sector renewable sources. Transmission projects wind.for the Sus- leads It currently The geographical pattern of energy-related CO2 emissions closely transmission expansion a major renewable energy resource:manager only 0.5 percent by all low-income of power capacity middle-income countries, and in the absence of financially 9,528 MW of installed wind Depart- tainable Energy mirrors the distribution of energy consumption (figure 2). In 2010, To solve the United States with ment at the fifth World rank in wind Bank two zones energy with the countries put together. committed generators. were a country, would almost half of all such emissions were associated competitive renewable a (ERCOT 2011) and, if it (vfoster@worldbank.org). Figure 1. Texas’s five Coal is, by far, the largest source of energy-related CO2 emissions the problem, Texas devised largest global energy consumers, and more than three-quarters quickly generation worldwide. Daron program in 1999, it vowed to were associated with the top six emitting countries. Of the remaining Bedrosyan globally, accounting for more than 70 percent of the total (figure 3). planning process that When Texas reformed its energy works energy mix. It now uses a energy-related CO2 emissions, about 8 percent were contributed for London This reflects both the widespread use of coal to generate electrical connects energy systems increase the role of renewables in its Toronto. to increase Economics in utilities power, as well as the exceptionally high CO2 intensity of coal-fired to the transmission system. portfolio standard to require energy by other high-income countries, another 15 percent by other the renewable Previously, he was renewable sources. an To minimize power (figure 4). Per unit of energy produced, coal emits significantly The system is based on their energy generation from eligible energy analyst with the energy program created more CO2 emissions than oil and more than twice as much as natural designation of “competitive the state’s renewable Practice. Greenhouse Gas Inventory costs to the taxpayer, World Bank’s Energy rely on the private sector United Nations Framework Convention 1 on Climate Change, gas. renewable energy zones. energy zones that Data—Comparisons By Gas (database). http://unfccc.int/ghg_data/items/3800.php competitive renewable and trans- e and operations for generation to provide infrastructur and regulation provides planning, facilitation, mission, while the state (figure 1). electricity pro- standard mandated that The renewable portfolio by 2009. 2,000 MW of additional renewable energy viders generate and was followed Marcelino Madrigal met in just over six years (mmadrigal@worldbank This 10-year target was and mandated 20, which raised the targets .org) is a senior energy up in 2005 by Senate Bill reach 5,880 energy generation must specialist in the World that the state’s total renewable Furthermore, the 2015 and 2025 respectively. Bank’s Energy Practice. MW and 10,000 MW by energy target 500 MW of the 2025 renewable With Rhonda Lenai Jordan legislation required that sources other than wind. (rjordan@worldbank.org) be derived from renewable in is an energy specialist Source: ERCOT 2008. the same practice. 8 D o y o u h a v e s o m e th i n g t o s a y ? S ay i t i n L i v e W i r e ! Contribute to If you can’t spare the time to contribute to Live Wire, but have an idea for a topic, or case we should cover, let us know! Do you have something to say? We welcome your ideas through any of the following Say it in Live Wire! channels: Via the Communities of Those working on the front lines of energy development in emerging economies have a wealth of Practice in which you are technical knowledge and case experience to share with their colleagues but seldom have the time to active write for publication. By participating in the Energy Live Wire offers prospective authors a support system to make sharing your knowledge as easy as Practice’s annual Live Wire possible: series review meeting • Trained writers among our energy sector staff will be assigned upon request to draft Live Wire By communicating directly stories with staff active in operations. with the team (contact • A professional series editor ensures that the writing is punchy and accessible. Vivien Foster, vfoster@ • A professional graphic designer assures that the final product looks great—a feather in your cap! worldbank.org) Live Wire aims to raise the profile of operational staff wherever they are based; those with hands-on knowledge to share. That’s your payoff! It’s a chance to model good 2014/4 Texas d: The Case of rgy To The gri “knowledge citizenship” and participate in the ongoing change process at the Bank, 1 TransmiTTing renewable ene where knowledge management is becoming everybody’s business. A KNOWLEDGE NOT E SERIES FOR THE ENERGY PRACTICE Energy to the Grid: Transmitting Renewable gy sector 2014/6 1 s u lt s o f W o r l d B a n k l e n d i n g i n t h e e n e r M e a s u r i n g t h e r eLINE THE BOTTOM The Case of Texas states Texas leads the United with 9,528 mw of installed face? wind power capacity—a What challenge did they level exceeded by only four G Ethis E S Einteres case ting? was contingent on A KNOW WhyL E D is NOT RIES FOR THE ENERGY PRACTICE Transmission investment countries. The state needed Texas needed to prioritiz e and accelerate yet needed to precede it more infrastructure to transmit generation commitments wind sites for trans- electricity generated from development of remote faced the challenge of meeting tremendous needs Measuring the Results of World Bank Your Name Here THE BOTTOM LINE producer Texas of generation from renewable sources, but the century, Texas was a major mission infrastructure triggered by the scale-up During much of the twentieth e take longer to regulator could not approve States. The state is now taking advantag sion infrastructure can renewable sources. Transmis Lending in the Energy Sector petroleum in the United this note is the first report of leads n projects resource: wind. It currently of energy-sector indicators transmission expansio of a major renewable energy ly power capacity Become an author in the absence of financial 9,528 MW of installed wind reflecting the World Bank’s the United States with rank fifth in wind zones committed generators. To solve were a country, would the effort ive renewable energy to measure broad lending patterns during (ERCOT 2011) and, if it What challenges were faced Figure 1. in Texas’s five competit the problem, Texas is this a Whydevised issue important? fy 2000–13. to compile it, generation worldwide. 1999, it vowed to inresults? energy projects back to fy 2000 planning The need for accountability process that quickly has made When Texas reformed it critical its energyfor the program of Live Wire and energy mix. It now uses a to be retrieved and aligned for connects energy systems results of renewab les in its Data back to FY 2000 had were manually screened Energy Practice to measure increase the role utilities to increase results data comparable with to the transmission system. renewable portfolio standard to require energy with the new CSIs the tracks the outcomes on Bank of its projects in order to le sources. To minimize the standardized indicators The system is ThebasedWorld n from eligible renewab their energy generatio poverty le energy endingrenewab program created project in the energy sector had devised its own “competitive the goals of state’s each contribute to your how well they are advancing Previously, now used in the Bank’s designation of understand costs to the taxpayer, the zones. shared prosperity. For some years now those on the private sector which made it difficult to report the Bank’s corporate scorecard. in the renewable energyand promoting competitive renewab le energy zones that rely indicators of results, Corporate Scorecard s for generatio n and trans- in terms that were both broad and precise. With the outcomes have been reported in a Bank-wide and operation achievements future, automation will make to provide infrastructure that measure and n,of n Corporate Scorecard, however, the clear advantages of regulatio based on a set of so-called core sector indicators (CSIs) provides planning, facilitatio advent the it easier to collect, aggregate, mission, while the state practice and career! impact at the project level and permit aggregation of standardized being able to demonstrate results led the Energy Practice to examine and analyze data on project (figure 1). pro- data across the Bank. Each CSI is anrenewab indicator of output or outcome d that energy projects back to FY 2000 and, to the extent electricity Bank’s outcomes. The le portfolio standard mandate the to a particular sector or theme, such as l renewab le energy possible, to by 2009. retroactively harmonize or align the indicators used in that is strategically relevant MW of additiona Madrigal viders generate 2,000 years and was followed with those devised for the Corporate Scorecard. The Marcelino the energy sector. was met in just over six those projects (mmadrigal@worldba nk This 10-year target Energy Practice, targets and mandated exercise are reported in this note. Three CSIs are particularly central to the Bank’s Bill 20, which raised the results of this “archaeological” .org) is a senior energy up in 2005 by Senate must reach 5,880 here for the fiscal years 2000–13 are the because they reflect its engagement state’s in every step of the energy generationThe results reported specialist in the World that the total renewable energy the value chain—from generation to transmission and distribution (T&D) by 2015 and 2025 respectiv ely. first Furtherm such reportore, of energy-sector indicators reflective of the broad Sudeshna Ghosh With Bank’s Energy Practice. MW and 10,000 MW are: renewable energy target the World Bank during this period. customer connections. The to “last mile”Jordan three indicators that 500 MW of the 2025 lending patterns of Banerjee is a senior Lenai legislatio n required energy specialist in the Rhonda of people provided with access to electricity le sources other than wind. through To compile the report, all World Bank projects approved in the • The number (rjordan@w orldbank.o rg) be derived from renewab World Bank’s Energy specialist in connections energy space between FY 2000 and FY 2013 (approximately 70–80 household is an energy Source: ERCOT 2008. Practice (sgbanerjee@ same practice. projects per year on average) were screened to extract those the• T&D lines constructed or rehabilitated, measured in kilometers worldbank.org) that had adopted indicators similar enough to those used in the (km) Ruchi Soni (rsoni@ Corporate Scorecard that they could be mined for comparable data. worldbank.org) is an • Generation capacity constructed, measured in megawatts (MW). Information was extracted from two types of project documents: energy analyst in the More recently, additional indicators have been developed cov- the Implementation Completion and Results Report (ICR) for same practice. ering measurement of energy efficiency in heat and power (lifetime closed projects and the most recent Implementation Status and Elisa Portale (eportale@ savings, captured in MWh). Results Report (ISR) for active projects. In some cases, information worldbank.org) is an was referred back to project staff for confirmation or, where energy consultant, also discrepancies had been spotted, for correction. In a few cases in the Energy Practice. where indicators were not explicitly mentioned in the ICR or ISR,