Page  1
A
PRELIMINARY DESK REVIEW of 
URBAN POVERTY IN THE 
EAST ASIA REGION
:
with particular focus on  
INDONESIA, THE PHILIPPINES,  
AND VIETNAM 
East Asia Urban Development Division  
VOLUME 2:  ANNEX TABLES 
Final Draft 
September, 2002
 
31421 
v. 2 
Page  2
88
 
Page  3
88
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
Table A1:  Selected Economic and Poverty Indicators, by City.......................................91 
Table A2:  Comparative Education Indicators, by City....................................................92 
Table A3:  Comparative Housing Sector Indicators, by City ...........................................93 
Table A4:  Infrastructure Service Indicators, by City.......................................................94 
Table A5:  Comparative Transport Indicators, by City.....................................................95 
Table IN1:  INDONESIA - Share of food expenditure in total household 
expenditure..................................................................................................................96 
Table IN2: INDONESIA - Household demographics by type of settlement and per 
capita expenditure deciles (distribution in a group)....................................................97 
Table IN3: INDONESIA - Educational level by type of locality and expenditure 
deciles ...................................................................................................................98 
Table IN4: INDONESIA - School participation for children 6-14 years of age by 
size of locality and expenditure per capita deciles......................................................99 
Table IN5: INDONESIA - Literacy rate among respondents age 5 years and older 
by expenditure deciles and type of settlement ..........................................................100 
Table IN6:  INDONESIA - Working status by size of locality, gender, and 
poverty status.............................................................................................................101 
Table IN7: INDONESIA - Employment status by size of locality, gender, and 
poverty status.............................................................................................................102 
Table IN8: INDONESIA - Housing by type of settlement and poverty status...............103 
Table IN9: INDONESIA - Housing characteristics by type of settlement and per 
capita expenditure deciles.........................................................................................104 
Table IN9: INDONESIA - Housing characteristics by type of settlement and per 
capita expenditure deciles.........................................................................................105 
Table IN10: INDONESIA - Source of drinking water by type of settlement and 
per capita expenditure deciles...................................................................................106 
Table IN11: INDONESIA - Drinking water by size of locality and poverty status .......107 
Table IN12: INDONESIA - Sanitation by type of settlement and per capita 
expenditure deciles....................................................................................................108 
Table IN13:  INDONESIA - Sanitation by size of locality and poverty status ..............109 
Table PH1:  PHILIPPINES 
–
Household Characteristics By Decile, Rural/Urban........110 
Table PH2:  PHILIPPINES – Household Characteristics By Decile, Rural/Urban........111 
Table PH3:  PHILIPPINES – Employment Status, By Decile, Rural/Urban .................112 
Table PH4:  MANILA – Employment Status, By Decile...............................................113 
Table PH5:  PHILIPPINES – Tenure Status, By Decile, Rural/Urban...........................114 
Table PH6:  PHILIPPINES – Type Of Housing, By Decile, Rural/Urban.....................115 
Table PH7:  MANILA – Type Of Housing, By Decile, Rural/Urban ............................116 
Table PH8:  PHILIPPINES – Type Of Roof, By Decile, Rural/Urban ..........................117 
Table PH9:  PHILIPPINES – Type Of Walls, By Decile, Rural/Urban.........................118 
Table PH10:  MANILA – Type Of Roof, By Decile......................................................119 
Table PH11:  MANILA – Tenure Status, By Decile......................................................120 
Table PH12:  PHILIPPINES – Source Of Water, By Decile, Rural/Urban....................121 
Page  4
89
Table PH13:  PHILIPPINES 
–
Consumer Durables, By Poverty Status 
Rural/Urban...............................................................................................................122 
Table PH14:  MANILA – Source Of Water, By Decile .................................................123 
Table PH15:  PHILIPPINES – Source Of Water, By Poverty Status Rural/Urban........124 
Table PH16:  PHILIPPINES – Type Of Toilet, By Decile, Rural/Urban.......................125 
Table PH17:  PHILIPPINES – Type Of Toilet, By Poverty Status, Rural/Urban..........126 
Table PH18:  MANILA – Type Of Toilet, By Decile ....................................................127 
Table PH19:  MANILA – Consumer Durables, By Decile.............................................128 
Table VN1:  VIETNAM – Household Characteristics By Decile, Rural/Urban............129 
Table VN2:  VIETNAM – Household Characteristics, By Decile, Status, 
Rural/Urban...............................................................................................................130 
Table VN3:  VIETNAM – Ethnicity, By Decile, Rural/Urban.......................................131 
Table VN4:  Vietnam – Individual Characteristics, By Poverty Status, 
Rural/Urban...............................................................................................................132 
Table VN5:  VIETNAM – Individual Characteristics, By Decile, Rural/Urban............133 
Table VN6:  VIETNAM – Health Status, By Poverty Status, Rural/Urban...................134 
Table VN7:  VIETNAM – Smoking Behavior, By Poverty Status, Rural/Urban ..........135 
Table VN8:  VIETNAM – Type Of Housing, By Decile, Rural/Urban .........................136 
Table VN9:  VIETNAM – Type Of Housing, By Decile, Rural/Urban .........................137 
Table VN10:  VIETNAM – Type Of Housing, By Poverty Status, Rural/Urban ..........138 
Table VN11:  VIETNAM – Type Of Walls, By Decile, Rural/Urban............................139 
Table VN12:  VIETNAM – Type Of Roof, By Decile, Rural/Urban.............................140 
Table VN13:  VIETNAM – Household Characteristics, By Poverty Status, 
Rural/Urban...............................................................................................................141 
Table VN14:  VIETNAM – Type Of Lighting, By Decile, Rural/Urban.......................142 
Table VN15:  VIETNAM – Source Of Drinking Water, By Poverty, Status, 
Rural/Urban...............................................................................................................143 
Table VN16:  VIETNAM – Source Of Drinking Water, By Decile, Rural/Urban.........144 
Table VN17:  VIETNAM – Type Of Toilet, By Decile, Rural/Urban ...........................145 
Table VN18:  VIETNAM – Type Of Toilet, By Poverty Status, Rural/Urban...............146 
 
Page  5
90
Volume 2 
–
Annex Tables 
 
Explanatory Note to Annex Tables IN1 through VN18 
 
The following Annex Tables contain detailed data from the national household surveys 
for  Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam as described in the main text.   
 
All data are percentages.   
 
Per capita expenditure deciles range from 1 (poorest) to 10 (richest).   
 
The classification of Poor and Non-Poor households is based on poverty lines estimated 
by the surveys, separately for the rural and urban populations. 
 
The tables show:  
(i) distribution 
within 
per capita expenditure deciles (column 
data for each set of variables add to 100 percent) or  
(ii) distribution 
across 
per capita expenditure deciles (row data 
for each variable add to 100 percent) for the rural and for 
urban household samples.  
 
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92
Table A2:  Comparative Education Indicators, by City 
 
Gross Enrollment Ratios
 
Literacy Rate
 
Region Country
 
City
 
Secondary 
(female)
 
Secondary 
(male)
 
Literacy 
(female)
 
Literacy 
(male)
 
Cambodia Phnom 
Penh 
8.26 
12.66 
57 
79.5 
Jakarta 95.7  
97.3 
99.2 
Indonesia 
Semarang 92.9 
 
91.4 
97.5 
Japan Tokyo 
100 100 
100 
100 
Lao PDR 
Vientiane 
54.9 
45.2 
78.9 
92.2 
Malaysia Penang 
 
 
82 
91 
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar 
74.2 
64.7  97.1  99.1 
Myanmar Yangon 
57.7 
53.3 
88.7  90.6 
Singapore Singapore 
100 
100 
89.2 
96.8 
Hanam 99.9 
99.9 
 
 
Pusan 99.7 
99.8 
 
 
South Korea 
Seoul 99.9 
99.9 
 
 
Bangkok  
 
95.1 
98.4 
Thailand 
Chiang Mai 
 
 
90 
93 
Hanoi  
 
89 
95.1 
East Asia 
Vietnam 
Ho Chi Minh 
 
 
89.5 
95.1 
Bangladesh Dhaka 
62.3 
65.9 
60.3 
60.3 
South Asia 
Nepal Pokhara 
35.4 26.6 42 
66.2 
Ecuador Guayaquil 
75.3 
68.6 97.8 98.2 
Latin America 
Uruguay Montevideo 
100 
93.9  98.3 98.6 
Source:  UNCHS Global Urban Indicators Database 2 (1998 data). 
Page  8
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Page  10
95
Table A5:  Comparative Transport Indicators, by City 
 
Transport Modes
 
Region Country
 
City
 
Travel time 
per work-
trip (mn)
 
private 
motorized 
(%)
 
train/tram 
(%)
 
bus/minibus 
(%)
 
bicycle/ 
walking/ 
other 
(%)
 
Cambodia Phnom 
Penh 
45 
87.3 
0 
0.2 
12.5 
Bandung 
30 
82     
Indonesia 
Surabaya 35 
80 
0 
17.8 
2.2 
Japan Tokyo 
45 
 
 
 
 
Lao PDR 
Vientiane 
27 
41.8 
0 
2.1 
56.1 
Malaysia Penang 
40 
42 
0 
55 
3 
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar 
30 
10 
21 
59 
10 
Myanmar Yangon 
45 
16.7 
3.7 
65 
14.7 
Philippines Cebu 
35 
 
 
 
 
Singapore Singapore 
30 
25.1 
14.5 
38.7 
21.7 
Pusan 42 
37.1 
6.6 
32.5 
23.8 
South Korea 
Seoul 60 
20.1 
32.3 
38.8 
8.8 
Bangkok 
60 58.7 
1 
27 13.3 
Thailand 
Chiang Mai 
30 94.1 
0 
5 
0.9 
Hanoi 30 
64.4 
0 
2 
33.6 
East Asia 
Vietnam 
Ho Chi Minh 
25 
74 
0 
2 
24 
Bangladesh Dhaka 
45 
4.6 
0 
9.2 
86.2 
India Bangalore 
30 39.6 
0  35.7 24.7 
Nepal Pokhara 
20 
11 
0 
14 
75 
South Asia 
Sri Lanka 
Colombo 
25 
23.7 
8.1 
65 
3.2 
Argentina Buenos 
Aires 
42 
33.5 
16.4 
42.2 
 
Ecuador Guayaquil 
45 
10.7 
0 
89.3 
0 
Peru Lima 
 16.9 
0  82.2  0.9 
Latin America 
Uruguay Montevideo 
45 
26.9 
0 
59.6 
13.5 
Source:  UNCHS Global Urban Indicators Database 2 (1998 data). 
 
Page  11
96
Table IN1:  INDONESIA - Share of food expenditure in total household 
expenditure 
 
Expenditure deciles 
Type of Settlement
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Total 
Rural 
0.775  0.772  0.77  0.764 0.757 0.753 0.748 0.737 0.723 0.662 0.747 
Urban <250
t
h
0.746  0.733  0.723 0.71  0.703 0.686 0.672 0.653 0.627 0.561 0.69 
Urban 250-500K 
0.729  0.712  0.701 0.686 0.676 0.662 0.642 0.614 0.578 0.52 
0.66 
Urban 500-1M 
0.712  0.699  0.685 0.679 0.663 0.651 0.615 0.612 0.563 0.502 0.639 
Urban 1M-2M 
0.704  0.67 
0.658 0.646 0.627 0.629 0.611 0.585 0.572 0.518 0.62 
Urban 2M+ 
0.634  0.619  0.608 0.592 0.59  0.567 0.569 0.554 0.543 0.45 
0.56 
Page  12
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9
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9
9
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9
9
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8
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9
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9
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9
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1
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1
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5
9
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7
1
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9
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7
9
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8
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9
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7
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7
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2
.
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Page  13
98
Table IN3: INDONESIA - Educational level by type of locality and 
expenditure deciles 
 
Rural 
Urban 
Expenditure deciles 
Expenditure deciles 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Education 
Not 
completed  
52.6
49.1
45.8
43.9
42.2
41
38.8
37.1
34
28
42.1
38
32
28.7
25.6
23.9
21.5
19.4
17.2
14.6
11.3
24.4
Primary 
school 
35.5
36.3
36.7
37
36.8
36.2
36.2
35.4
34.2
30
35.6
31.7
30.3
28.9
27.6
26.3
24.4
22.5
19.7
18
14.7
25.2
Junior high  
8.4
9.7
11.2
11.9
12.2
12.9
13.7
14.2
15.3
16
12.3
16.3
18.8
19.2
20.3
20
20.3
20.5
19.8
18.5
16.8
19
Vocational 
JH  
2.5
3.3
4.1
4.6
5.5
6.1
6.8
7.7
9.1
13
5.9
9.4
12.1
14.4
16.1
17.8
19.9
21.9
24.3
27.2
30.4
18.4
Senior high  
0.8
1.3
1.8
2
2.5
2.9
3.2
3.9
4.8
7.2
2.8
3.7
5.2
6.1
7
7.5
7.9
8.3
8.9
8.5
7.4
6.9
Dimploma 
I/II  
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.6
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.6
0.8
Diploma III  
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7
1.5
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.9
1
1.4
1.9
2.4
3.2
4
5.4
1.9
Diploma IV  
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2.6
0.5
0.4
0.8
1.3
1.8
2.2
3.2
3.7
5.5
7.2
11.7
3.3
Master/Ph.D. 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.8
0.1
Rural 
Urban 
Expenditure deciles 
Expenditure deciles 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Education 
Not 
completed  
15
13.4
12
11.1
10.3
9.7
8.8
7.9
6.7
5.1
100
19.5
15.4
13.1
11.2
10.1
8.7
7.5
6.3
5
3.3
100
Primary 
school 
12
11.7
11.4
11.1
10.6
10.2
9.7
9
8
6.5
100
15.7
14.1
12.7
11.6
10.7
9.6
8.4
6.9
6
4.2
100
Junior high  
8.2
9.1
10
10.3
10.2
10.5
10.7
10.5
10.4
10.1
100
10.7
11.6
11.2
11.3
10.8
10.6
10.2
9.2
8.2
6.3
100
Vocational 
JH  
5.1
6.3
7.6
8.4
9.6
10.3
11
11.7
12.9
17
100
6.4
7.7
8.7
9.3
10
10.7
11.2
11.7
12.4
11.8
100
Senior high  
3.4
5.1
7
7.5
9.1
10.4
10.9
12.6
14.3
19.7
100
6.8
8.9
9.8
10.8
11.3
11.4
11.4
11.5
10.4
7.7
100
Dimploma 
I/II  
1.8
3.3
4.1
5.4
7
7.8
10.2
12.2
17.4
30.8
100
3.3
4.5
7.2
8.1
10.4
10.7
12.1
14.4
15.5
13.8
100
Diploma III  
2
2
4.2
5.1
6
7
9.6
12
16.9
35.3
100
1.9
3.6
5.2
5.6
7.4
9.9
12.3
15.1
18.2
20.7
100
Diploma IV  
1.3
2.3
3.5
4.4
6.4
7.1
9.7
12.9
16
36.5
100
1.6
2.8
4.3
5.7
7
9.6
10.6
14.7
18.4
25.4
100
Master/Ph.D. 
1.9
1.9
3.8
1.9
9.6
1.9
9.6
9.6
3.8
55.8
100
0.6
0.6
2.6
2.6
3.2
6.5
8.1
14.2
20.1
41.4
100
Page  14
99
Table IN4: INDONESIA - School participation for children 6-14 years of 
age by size of locality and expenditure per capita deciles 
 
Expenditure deciles 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 
Total
Type of settlement
School participation
Not in school  
22.3
16.0
13.5
11.4
9.8
8.2
6.8
5.4
4.1
2.5
100
In school  
15.4
13.6
12.2
11.3
10.4
9.7
8.7
7.6
6.2
4.9
100
Rural  
No longer in school
23.9
16.4
13.7
11.5
9.0
8.0
6.5
5.1
4.0
1.9
100
Not in school  
26.6
15.6
14.2
12.8
9.5
6.9
5.0
4.5
3.4
1.5
100
In school  
18.0
15.0
13.4
12.1
10.1
9.1
7.5
6.4
5.1
3.2
100
Urban <250th  
No longer in school
39.0
18.4
11.0
10.8
6.7
3.7
4.6
3.5
1.7
0.8
100
Not in school  
24.3
15.0
15.0
9.1
11.2
8.1
6.5
3.9
4.6
2.3
100
In school  
17.2
14.4
12.5
11.3
10.1
9.5
7.6
7.1
6.4
3.9
100
Urban 250-500K 
No longer in school
39.1
19.9
9.6
7.7
7.0
4.4
4.1
3.7
2.2
2.2
100
Not in school  
23.3
19.4
12.1
11.6
10.3
8.6
4.7
3.0
4.7
2.2
100
In school  
18.0
16.3
12.1
11.2
9.7
9.2
7.5
6.0
5.6
4.4
100
Urban 500-1M  
No longer in school
38.2
26.5
9.8
8.8
3.9
2.0
4.9
1.0
2.0
2.9
100
Not in school  
33.1
15.0
11.6
9.3
9.0
6.8
5.1
3.7
4.5
2.0
100
In school  
17.0
13.5
11.1
9.6
10.1
9.2
8.9
7.7
7.4
5.5
100
Urban 1M-2M  
No longer in school
43.2
23.6
8.1
8.8
4.7
2.0
2.0
0.7
3.4
3.4
100
Not in school  
18.8
16.8
14.7
8.9
8.4
8.9
12.0
6.3
3.7
1.6
100U
In school  
12.5
10.7
12.1
9.5
11.3
12.0
11.2
7.7
7.8
5.4
100
Urban 2M+  
No longer in school
28.4
8.1
18.9
8.1
8.1
4.1
4.1
6.8
6.8
6.8
100
Page  15
100
Table IN5: INDONESIA - Literacy rate among respondents age 5 years 
and older by expenditure deciles and type of settlement 
 
Expenditure deciles 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 
Total
Type of settlement
Can read/write
R/W Latin  
76.1
78.6
79.7
80.5
81.0
82.3
82.8
83.6
84.4
88.0
81.2
R/W Other  
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.4
Rural  
Cannot R/W 
22.3
19.9
18.9
18.2
17.5
16.2
15.9
14.9
14.3
10.9
17.4
R/W Latin  
87.7
91.2
91.9
93.1
93.8
94.4
94.6
95.1
96.3
97.3
92.9
R/W Other  
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.5
Urban <250th  
Cannot R/W 
11.5
8.2
7.5
6.4
5.7
5.3
5.0
4.5
3.2
2.4
6.6
R/W Latin  
85.6
88.9
89.3
90.6
91.5
92.1
93.1
94.9
95.7
96.9
91.3
R/W Other  
1.2
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
0.9
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.3
0.9
Urban 250-500K 
Cannot R/W 
13.2
10.1
9.7
8.4
7.4
7.1
6.2
4.3
3.5
2.8
7.8
R/W Latin  
89.9
92.4
92.3
93.2
92.8
94.2
96.0
96.5
97.1
98.0
93.9
R/W Other  
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.5
Urban 500-1M  
Cannot R/W 
9.5
6.9
7.1
6.2
6.8
5.5
3.6
3.2
2.5
1.9
5.7
R/W Latin  
88.9
92.2
92.9
93.4
94.6
94.7
96.0
96.7
96.8
98.1
94.2
R/W Other  
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.5
Urban 1M-2M  
Cannot R/W 
10.7
7.2
6.6
6.1
4.7
4.7
3.6
3.0
2.9
1.8
5.3
R/W Latin  
93.8
93.7
94.6
94.9
96.1
96.3
96.2
96.6
97.6
97.9
95.9
R/W Other  
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.6
Urban 2M+  
Cannot R/W 
5.5
5.6
4.7
4.1
3.4
3.1
3.2
2.8
1.9
1.5
3.4
Expenditure deciles 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 
Total
Type of settlement
Can read/write
R/W Latin  
11.8
11.3
10.9
10.6
10.3
10.0
9.6
9.1
8.5
7.9
100
R/W Other  
14.4
12.0
11.0
10.6
10.6
10.1
8.9
9.1
7.8
5.6
100
Rural  
Cannot R/W 
16.1
13.4
12.2
11.2
10.4
9.2
8.7
7.6
6.7
4.6
100
R/W Latin  
13.3
12.5
12.0
11.6
10.8
9.9
8.9
8.3
7.3
5.5
100
R/W Other  
20.5
14.5
13.0
10.8
11.5
6.8
6.5
6.8
6.2
3.4
100
Urban <250th  
Cannot R/W 
24.6
15.9
13.8
11.3
9.2
7.8
6.6
5.5
3.4
1.9
100
R/W Latin  
12.3
11.7
10.9
10.5
10.1
10.0
9.5
9.5
8.6
6.8
100
R/W Other  
17.7
12.4
12.4
11.6
12.2
9.6
7.1
7.9
6.5
2.4
100
Urban 250-500K 
Cannot R/W 
22.2
15.7
1
3.8
11.4
9.5
9.0
7.4
5.0
3.7
2.3
100
R/W Latin  
12.5
12.6
10.9
10.6
9.3
9.1
9.2
8.4
8.8
8.5
100
R/W Other  
16.1
19.5
15.3
11.9
9.3
6.8
6.8
5.1
7.6
1.7
100
Urban 500-1M  
Cannot R/W 
22.0
15.5
13.9
11.7
11.2
8.8
5.7
4.6
3.8
2.7
100
R/W Latin  
12.1
10.8
9.5
9.1
9.6
9.4
10.4
9.4
10.0
9.7
100
R/W Other  
12.6
13.3
11.1
11.1
16.3
12.6
8.1
5.9
7.4
1.5
100
Urban 1M-2M  
Cannot R/W 
25.6
14.9
11.9
10.5
8.3
8.2
6.9
5.1
5.3
3.2
100
R/W Latin  
8.1
7.9
9.5
8.6
10.5
11.6
11.1
10.5
10.9
11.3
100
R/W Other  
9.2
9.2
11.2
13.8
8.6
10.5
10.5
9.2
7.9
9.9
100
Urban 2M+  
Cannot R/W 
13.2
13.1
13.1
10.4
10.4
10.3
10.3
8.5
5.9
5.0
100
Page  16
101
Table IN6:  INDONESIA - Working status by size of locality, gender, 
and poverty status 
 
Non-poor 
Poor  
Total 
Type of settlement 
Not working 
56.7
56.6
56.7
Female 
Working  
43.3
43.4
43.3
Not working 
25.8
27
26.4
Rural  
Male  
Working  
74.2
73
73.6
Not working 
64.4
71.1
66.1
Female 
Working  
35.6
28.9
33.9
Not working 
36
41.1
37.3
Urban <250th  
Male  
Working  
64
58.9
62.7
Not working 
62.8
64.8
63.3
Female 
Working  
37.2
35.2
36.7
Not working 
35.1
38.5
35.8
Urban 250-500K 
Male  
Working  
64.9
61.5
64.2
Not working 
62.7
64.4
63.1
Female 
Working  
37.3
35.6
36.9
Not working 
37.5
39.5
37.9
Urban 500-1M  
Male  
Working  
62.5
60.5
62.1
Not working 
67.5
71.8
68.3
Female 
Working  
32.5
28.2
31.7
Not working 
38.7
42.7
39.4
Urban 1M-2M  
Male  
Working  
61.3
57.3
60.6
Not working 
66.7
74.2
67.2
Female 
Working  
33.3
25.8
32.8
Not working 
36.4
42.5
36.8
Urban 2M+  
Male  
Working  
63.6
57.5
63.2
Page  17
102
Table IN7: INDONESIA - Employment status by size of locality, gender, 
and poverty status 
 
Non-poor 
Poor  
Total 
Type of settlement 
Other  
96.9
97.2
97
Female 
Unemployed 
(Official) 
3.1
2.8
3
Other  
96.9
97.3
97.1
Rural  
Male  
Unemployed 
(Official) 
3.1
2.7
2.9
Other  
94.4
93.3
94.1
Female 
Unemployed 
(Official) 
5.6
6.7
5.9
Other  
93.8
91.5
93.2
Urban <250th  
Male  
Unemployed 
(Official) 
6.2
8.5
6.8
Other  
94.8
94.2
94.6
Female 
Unemployed 
(Official) 
5.2
5.8
5.4
Other  
93.5
91.1
92.9
Urban 250-500K 
Male  
Unemployed 
(Official) 
6.5
8.9
7.1
Other  
95
94.4
94.9
Female 
Unemployed 
(Official) 
5
5.6
5.1
Other  
91.8
89.4
91.3
Urban 500-1M  
Male  
Unemployed 
(Official) 
8.2
10.6
8.7
Other  
94.2
92.7
93.9
Female 
Unemployed 
(Official) 
5.8
7.3
6.1
Other  
92.4
89
91.7
Urban 1M-2M  
Male  
Unemployed 
(Official) 
7.6
11
8.3
Other  
94.4
89.9
94.1
Female 
Unemployed 
(Official) 
5.6
10.1
5.9
Other  
90.9
87.4
90.7
Urban 2M+  
Male  
Unemployed 
(Official) 
9.1
12.6
9.3
Page  18
103
Table IN8: INDONESIA - Housing by type of settlement and poverty 
status 
 
Rural 
Urban 
Non-poor 
Poor  
Total 
Non-poor 
Poor  
Total 
Status of house 
Private  
88.8
94.5
90.7
66.6
76.5
68.1
Lease  
1.2
0.3
0.9
11.3
7.7
10.8
Rent  
2
0.5
1.5
10.6
6.2
9.9
Official 
3.2
1.4
2.6
4.7
1.2
4.2
Free  
3.4
2.2
3
5.4
6.4
5.5
Other  
1.3
1
1.2
1.5
1.9
1.5
Type of roof 
Concrete  
1.2
0.7
1
2.8
1.6
2.6
Corrugated tile  
45.7
47.4
46.2
52.4
57.4
53.1
Shingle roof  
4.4
2.1
3.6
3
1.2
2.7
Iron sheeting  
38.8
31.9
36.5
35.7
33.5
35.4
Asbestos  
0.9
0.3
0.7
4.4
1.4
3.9
Sugar pulp fiber 
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.2
Leaves  
8.4
16
11
1.3
4.4
1.8
Other  
0.4
1.1
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.2
Type of walls 
Brick  
46.4
31.3
41.4
74.7
57
72
Wood  
39
39.2
39.1
20.6
29.9
22
Bamboo 
11.2
22.4
14.9
2.7
10.5
3.9
Other  
3.4
7.1
4.6
2
2.6
2.1
Type of floor 
Marble  
7.8
2.2
6
23
7.1
20.6
Floor tile  
11.6
6.6
10
23.1
16.8
22.1
Cement plaster 
39
31.4
36.5
41.7
55.4
43.8
Wood  
25.3
21.5
24.1
10.3
10.7
10.4
Bamboo  
1.3
2.3
1.7
0.2
0.6
0.2
Earth  
14.5
34.9
21.2
1.6
9.2
2.8
Other  
0.4
1.1
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.1
Floor area 
0
15
11.7
13.9
21.5
10.3
19.8
<10 m2  
0.4
0.3
0.3
3.3
0.9
2.9
10-20 m2 
3
3.7
3.2
7.4
6.4
7.3
20-40 m2 
20.6
25.4
22.2
18.8
27.2
20.1
40-60 m2 
30.9
32.7
31.5
23
29.6
24
60+ m2  
30
26.2
28.8
26
25.5
25.9
Page  19
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Page  27
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Page  28
113
Table PH4:  MANILA 
–
Employment Status, By Decile 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Total
Employment status of 
the head 
Has job  
81.2
86.9
84.1
80.3
81.3
76.1
75.8
72.2
75.3
75.4
78.8
Does not have job 
18.8
13.1
15.9
19.7
18.7
23.9
24.2
27.8
24.7
24.6
21.2
Total 
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Total
Employment status of 
the head 
Has job  
10.2
11
10.4
10
10.1
9.5
9.3
9.3
9.8
10.3
100
Does not have job 
8.8
6.2
7.3
9.1
8.6
11.1
11.1
13.3
12
12.5
100
Total 
9.9
10
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.9
9.7
10.1
10.3
10.8
100
Page  29
1
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Page  30
1
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Page  31
116
Table PH7:  MANILA 
–
Type Of Housing, By Decile, Rural/Urban 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Total
Type of the building 
Single house  
62.3
65.3
65.6
66.4
67.4
63.1
62.9
64.1
64.3
64.4
64.6
Duplex  
6.64.96.1
7.9
6.5
7.2
6.3
5.8
7.3
6.7
6.5
Apartment 
9.4
16.2
17.6
19.1
20.8
25.8
26.6
28.2
24.5
27.6
21.7
Improvised house 
21.2
13.4
10.2
5.7
4.3
3.6
2.5
0.8
1
0.6
6.3
Commercial house 
0.50.10.5
0.9
0.4
0.4
1.7
1.1
2.9
0.8
0.9
Other: cave, boat 
...
.
0.6
.
...
.
0.1
Total 
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Total
Type of the building 
Single house  
9.6
10.1
9.9
10.1
10.2
9.6
9.5
10.1
10.2
10.8
100
Duplex  
107.69.1
11.9
9.7
10.8
9.4
8.9
11.5
11
100
Apartment 
4.3
7.5
7.9
8.7
9.4
11.8
11.9
13.2
11.6
13.7
100
Improvised house 
33.6
21.5
15.9
9
6.7
5.6
3.9
1.2
1.7
1
100
Commercial house 
51.15.6
9.5
4.3
3.9
17.4
11.7
32.4
9
100
Other: cave, boat 
...
.
1
0
0.....
1
0
0
Total 
9.9
10
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.9
9.7
10.1
10.3
10.8
100
Page  32
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Page  33
1
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Page  34
119
Table PH10:  MANILA 
–
Type Of Roof, By Decile 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Total
Type of the roof 
Strong: Concrete, iron  
36.2
46.9
46.9
59.9
63.6
71.1
76.9
80.8
84.7
93.6
66.4
Light: cogon, nipa  
21.91.2
1.5
1.6
2.3
1.5
.
0.3
0.6
1.3
Salvaged materials  
10.5
6.8
5.3
2.3
2.7
1.5
1.1
0.4
0.7
0.4
3.1
Mixed: predominantly 
strong  
26.2
26.9
30.9
25.3
23.4
18.3
15.3
15
11.5
4.2
19.5
Mixed: predominantly 
light  
13.8
10.5
10.7
7.3
7.1
4.7
3.9
3.4
2.4
1
6.4
Mixed: predominantly 
salvaged 
11.375
3.8
1.6
2
1.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
3.3
Total 
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Total
Type of the roof 
Strong: Concrete, iron  
5.4
7.1
6.9
8.9
9.4
10.6
11.2
12.3
13.1
15.2
100
Light: cogon, nipa  
15.7
15
9.1
11.7
12.1
17.4
11.4
.
2.7
5.1
100
Salvaged materials  
33
21.8
16.5
7.1
8.4
4.8
3.5
1.2
2.3
1.3
100
Mixed: predominantly 
strong  
13.3
13.8
15.5
12.7
11.7
9.3
7.6
7.8
6.1
2.3
100
Mixed: predominantly 
light  
21.3
16.4
16.3
11.1
10.8
7.3
5.9
5.4
3.8
1.7
100
Mixed: predominantly 
salvaged 
34.4
21.5
14.9
11.
4
4.9
6.2
4
1.2
1
0.5
100
Total 
9.9
10
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.9
9.7
10.1
10.3
10.8
100
Page  35
120
Table PH11:  MANILA 
–
Tenure Status, By Decile 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Total
Type of tenure 
Own house and lot  
40.4
36.8
41.1
45.5
46.5
48.4
51.2
56.6
60.7
70.6
50
Rent house and lot  
17.7
25.2
28.1
28.4
29.5
28.5
29.7
27.7
26
18.8
25.9
Own house rent lot  
4.6
5.4
4.5
6.1
5.5
2.2
3.4
3.5
2
1.4
3.8
Own house rent-free 
w/c 
9.5
9.5
6.7
7.1
4.6
5.9
4.6
4
2.1
1.4
5.5
Own house rent-free 
wo/c 
12.7
10.8
8.3
5.6
6.3
6.5
4.5
1.9
2
2.4
6
Rent: free house and lot 
w/c 
13.1
11
10.5
6.5
76.86.36.16.85.1
7.9
Rent: free house and lot 
wo/c
21
.
20
.
9
0.9
0.6
1.7
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.9
Total 
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Total
Type of tenure 
Own house and lot  
87.4
8
8.9
9.1
9.5
9.9
11.5
12.5
15.2
100
Rent house and lot  
6.8
9.8
10.6
10.8
11.1
10.9
11.1
10.8
10.3
7.8
100
Own house rent lot  
11.9
14.1
11.5
15.6
14.1
5.7
8.7
9.1
5.3
4
100
Own house rent-free 
w/c 
17.2
17.4
11.9
12.6
8.2
10.7
8.1
7.3
3.8
2.8
100
Own house rent-free 
wo/c 
20.8
17.9
13.4
9.1
10.1
10.6
7.3
3.2
3.4
4.3
100
Rent: free house and lot 
w/c 
16.4
14
13
8.1
8.6
8.5
7.8
7.8
8.9
6.9
100
Rent: free house and lot 
wo/c
23.1
14.2
9.9
10.4
6.7
19.2
3
3
6.1
4.3
100
Total 
9.9
10
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.9
9.7
10.1
10.3
10.8
100
Page  36
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Page  37
122
Table PH13:  PHILIPPINES 
–
Consumer Durables, By Poverty 
Status Rural/Urban 
 
Rural Urban 
Non-
poor Poor 
Total 
Non-
poor Poor 
Total 
Family owns radio 
0.77
0.64
0.73
0.79
0.67
0.78
Family owns television 
set 
0.45
0.11
0.34
0.81
0.3
0.77
Family owns video tape 
recorder 
0.11
0.01
0.08
0.3
0.02
0.27
Family owns stereo 
0.19
0.03
0.14
0.38
0.06
0.35
Family owns refrigerator 
0.24
0.02
0.17
0.55
0.07
0.51
Family owns air condition
0.01
0
0.01
0.06
0
0.06
Family owns car, jeep, 
motorcycle 
0.05
0.01
0.04
0.13
0.01
0.12
Page  38
123
Table PH14:  MANILA 
–
Source Of Water, By Decile 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Total
Source of water 
Own faucet  
19.8
26.6
37.6
37.7
45.4
54.2
58.2
63.8
68.1
77.1
49.2
Shared faucet  
39.6
35.4
31.3
31.8
29.3
19.8
17.5
15.6
14
7.5
24
Own: piped well  
2.2
3.3
5.4
5
43.98.37.56.79.8
5.6
Shared: piped well 
15.1
15.3
10.1
9.8
8.9
10.6
7
5.8
5.2
3
9
Dug well  
2.6
3.8
1.7
2.5
2.5
2.1
0.7
1
1.6
0.5
1.9
Reddler  
20.6
15.6
13.9
13.
2
9.9
9.4
8.4
6.3
4.4
2.2
10.3
Total 
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Electricity in the building
Yes  
96
97.7
99.3
99.4
99.6
100
100
100
99.7
100
99.2
No electricity 
42.30.7
0.6
0.4
.
.
.
0.3
.
0.8
Total 
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Total
Source of water 
Own faucet  
45.47.5
7.5
9
10.9
11.5
13.1
14.2
16.9
100
Shared faucet  
16.4
14.8
12.7
13
11.9
8.1
7.1
6.6
6
3.4
100
Own: piped well  
3.9
5.9
9.3
8.8
6.9
6.8
14.2
13.4
12.2
18.7
100
Shared: piped well 
16.6
17
10.9
10.7
9.6
11.6
7.5
6.5
6
3.6
100
Dug well  
13.5
20.2
8.9
12.8
13
11.1
3.5
5.3
8.5
3
100
Reddler  
19.9
15.2
13.2
12.6
9.4
9
7.9
6.2
4.4
2.3
100
Total 
9.9
10
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.9
9.7
10.1
10.3
10.8
100
Electricity in the building
Yes  
9.6
9.9
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.9
9.8
10.2
10.3
10.9
100
No electricity 
48.2
27.7
8.1
7.8
4.2
.
.
.
3.9
.
100
Total 
9.9
10
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.9
9.7
10.1
10.3
10.8
100
Page  39
124
Table PH15:  PHILIPPINES 
–
Source Of Water, By Poverty Status 
Rural/Urban 
 
Rural Urban 
Non-
poor Poor 
Total 
Non-
poor Poor 
Total 
Source of water 
Own faucet  
9.5
2.3
7.2
40.1
10
37.3
Shared faucet  
19.9
21
20.3
20.5
30.1
21.4
Own: piped well  
20.9
8.3
16.9
13.6
9.8
13.2
Shared: piped well 
22.4
23.7
22.8
14.1
23.2
15
Dug well  
14.3
23.6
17.3
4.8
15.3
5.7
Spring, river  
11.4
19.5
14
1.6
6.4
2
Rain water  
0.7
0.4
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
Reddler  
1
1.1
1
5.3
5
5.3
Total 
100
100
100
100
100
100
Electricity in the building
Yes  
63.9
26.8
52.1
93.7
56.9
90.3
No electricity 
36.1
73.2
47.9
6.3
43.1
9.7
Total 
100
100
100
100
100
100
Page  40
1
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Page  41
126
Table PH17:  PHILIPPINES 
–
Type Of Toilet, By Poverty Status, 
Rural/Urban 
 
Rural Urban 
Non-
poor Poor 
Total 
Non-
poor Poor 
Total 
Type of toilet 
Water-sealed 
60.9
32.6
52
80.6
46.4
77.4
Closed pit  
14.2
18.1
15.4
7.6
15.3
8.3
Open pit  
11.5
20.4
14.3
3.5
13.8
4.5
Others: pile 
3.2
3.7
3.4
3.9
5.7
4.1
None  
10.2
25.2
14.9
4.5
18.8
5.8
Total 
100
100
100
100
100
100
Rural Urban 
Non-
poor 
Poor 
Total 
Non-
poor 
Poor 
Total 
Type of toilet 
Water-sealed 
80.1
19.9
100
94.5
5.5
100
Closed pit  
62.9
37.1
100
82.9
17.1
100
Open pit  
54.8
45.2
100
71.7
28.3
100
Others: pile 
64.8
35.2
100
87
13
100
None  
46.5
53.5
100
70.1
29.9
100
Total 
68.3
31.7
100
90.8
9.2
100
Page  42
127
Table PH18:  MANILA 
–
Type Of Toilet, By Decile 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Total
Type of toilet 
Water-sealed 
70.5
73.9
80.2
83.9
83.8
86.4
89.1
91.6
90.7
95.1
84.6
Closed pit  
11.7
13.3
8.9
7.4
7.5
6.5
6.1
4.4
3.6
3.1
7.2
Open pit  
3.5
2.1
2.3
1.5
1.7
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.3
1.4
Others: pile 
8.6
6.7
6.1
5.7
5.8
5.5
3.2
3.2
3.9
1.5
5
None  
5.7
4
2.5
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.1
0.1
0.9
.
1.8
Total 
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Total
Type of toilet 
Water-sealed 
8.3
8.7
9.2
9.7
9.7
10.1
10.2
10.9
11
12.1
100
Closed pit  
16.1
18.5
12
10.1
10.2
8.9
8.2
6.2
5.2
4.6
100
Open pit  
24.8
15.2
16.2
10.3
12.2
4.1
4
5.3
5.7
2.3
100
Others: pile 
17.1
13.4
12
11.3
11.3
10.8
6.2
6.5
8.1
3.3
100
None  
31.6
22.5
13.6
8.1
6.6
5.9
5.7
0.6
5.3
.
100
Total 
9.9
10
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.9
9.7
10.1
10.3
10.8
100
Page  43
128
Table PH19:  MANILA 
–
Consumer Durables, By Decile 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Num hh m less than one year 
old 
0.26
0.15
0.15
0.13
0.1 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05
0.12
Num hh m 1 to 6 years old 
1.62
1.16
0.99
0.78
0.72 0.65 0.47 0.44 0.36 0.23
0.74
Num hh m 7 to 14 years old 
1.63
1.34
1.03
0.99
0.72 0.71 0.67 0.64 0.51 0.45
0.86
Num hh m 15 to 24 years old 
1.17
1.22
1.13
1.19
1.08 1.04 1.08 1.01 0.86 0.85
1.06
Num hh m 25 years old and 
over 
2.69
2.39
2.36
2.44
2.35 2.45 2.37 2.31 2.23 2.12
2.37
Num hh m employed last 
quarter 
1.89
1.88
1.75
1.8
1.85 1.78 1.83 1.72 1.72 1.65
1.79
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Family owns radio 
0.69
0.78
0.78
0.81
0.82 0.85 0.84 0.89 0.89 0.87
0.82
Family owns television set 
0.8
0.86
0.91
0.91
0.91 0.95 0.96 0.98 0.96 0.98
0.92
Family owns video tape 
recorder 
0.05
0.09
0.22
0.29
0.28 0.39 0.48 0.58 0.64 0.73
0.38
Family owns stereo 
0.13
0.2
0.33
0.35
0.4
0.5 0.51 0.58 0.59 0.76
0.44
Family owns refrigerator 
0.28
0.34
0.5
0.61
0.67 0.72
0.8 0.84 0.84 0.93
0.66
Family owns air condition 
00
0.01
0.01
0.01 0.07 0.07 0.12 0.22 0.47
0.1
Family owns car, jeep, 
motorcycle 
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.05 0.07 0.09 0.19 0.29 0.54
0.14
Page  44
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Page  45
130
Table VN2:  VIETNAM 
–
Household Characteristics, By Decile, 
Status, Rural/Urban 
 
Rural Urban 
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Household headship 
Female-headed household 
17.91
15.59
16.86
38.87
27.63
37.84
Male-headed household  
82.09
84.41
83.14
61.13
72.37
62.16
Age of the head 
15-25 years old 
1.24
1.43
1.33
0.51
1.6
0.61
25-35 years old 
16.61
25.35
20.59
12.09
24.01
13.18
35-45 years old 
32.51
34.68
33.49
29.8
30.74
29.89
45-55 years old 
21.97
17.43
19.9
25.67
18.87
25.05
55-65 years old 
16.66
12.5
14.77
17.93
18.26
17.96
65+  
11.01
8.61
9.92
13.99
6.52
13.3
Education of the head 
Never  
5.79
12.46
8.83
4.71
8.73
5.08
<cap I  
27.67
32.24
29.75
18.37
34.31
19.84
Cap I  
23.66
23.82
23.73
20.27
27.75
20.96
Cap II  
25.26
21.71
23.64
18.05
18.48
18.09
Cap III 
4.84
3.24
4.11
9.49
1.14
8.73
Nghe SC 
5.11
2.84
4.08
7.79
5.25
7.56
THCN  
6.02
3.4
4.83
12.1
4.33
11.39
DHCD  
1.66
0.28
1.03
9.21
.
8.37
Page  46
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Page  47
132
Table VN4:  Vietnam 
–
Individual Characteristics, By Poverty 
Status, Rural/Urban 
 
Has job 
Not poor 
Poor  
Total
Rural Female 
0.822
0.885
0.851
Male  
0.822
0.893
0.854
Total 0.822
0.889
0.853
Urban Female 0.658
0.794
0.671
Male  
0.733
0.815
0.74
Total 0.694
0.804
0.704
Secondary job 
Not poor 
Poor  
Total
Rural Female 
0.013
0.026
0.019
Male  
0.038
0.049
0.043
Total 0.025
0.037
0.031
Urban Female 0.009
0.015
0.01
Male  
0.021
0.022
0.021
Total 0.015
0.018
0.015
Health expenditure 
Not poor 
Poor  
Total 
Rural 0.7
0.71
0.7
Urban 1.62
1.43
1.6
Born here 
Not poor 
Poor  
Total 
Rural 0.831
0.893
0.86
Urban 0.626
0.739
0.637
Page  48
133
Table VN5:  VIETNAM 
–
Individual Characteristics, By Decile, 
Rural/Urban 
 
Expenditure deciles 
Total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Can read 
Rural Yes 
 
48.9
65.1
72.6
74.8
76.3
81.3
77.5
79
80
84
73
With difficulty  
15
14.5
10.2
11.8
11
7.7
10
9.3
9.5
7.6
10.9
No  
36.1
20.4
17.1
13.5
12.8
10.9
12.4
11.7
10.4
8.4
16.1
Different languige
0.1
.
0.1
.
.
0.1
.
.
.
.
0
Urban Yes 
 
75
77.1
81.2
80.2
81.4
84.6
78.3
84.8
87.1
83.2
80.5
With difficulty  
12.1
11.4
8.7
9.1
10.3
5.7
11
6.7
2.9
6
9
No  
12.8
11.4
9.8
10.7
7.7
8.1
9.9
7.4
9.3
9.8
10
Different languige
.
0.2
0.2
.
0.5
1.6
0.8
1.1
0.7
1.1
0.5
Expenditure deciles 
Total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Gender 
Rural Female 52.9
51.9
51.1
50.6
51.5
50.5
50.3
50.8
50.3
48.9
51
Male  
47.1
48.1
48.9
49.4
48.5
49.5
49.7
49.2
49.7
51.1
49
Urban Female  53.8
50.1
53.6
51.3
53.5
51.8
52.2
51.5
51
54.6
52.3
Male  
46.2
49.9
46.4
48.7
46.5
48.2
47.8
48.5
49
45.4
47.7
Expenditure deciles 
Total
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Gender 
Rural Female 12.7
11.3
10.9
10.3
10.2
9.5
9
9.1
8.7
8.3
100
Male  
11.7
10.9
10.8
10.5
9.9
9.7
9.3
9.2
8.9
9
100
Urban Female  12.8
10.3
10.5
10
10.1
9.6
10.1
9.2
8.8
8.6
100
Male  
12.1
11.3
10
10.4
9.6
9.8
10.1
9.5
9.3
7.8
100
Page  49
134
Table VN6:  VIETNAM 
–
Health Status, By Poverty Status, 
Rural/Urban 
 
Not poor 
Poor  
Total
Rural 
Was not sick 
56.9
57.7
57.3
Was sick  
43.1
42.3
42.7
Urban 
Was not sick 
63.1
54.2
62.3
Was sick  
36.9
45.8
37.7
Not poor 
Poor  
Total
Rural 
Was not sick 
56.1
43.9
100
Was sick  
56.9
43.1
100
Urban 
Was not sick 
92.3
7.7
100
Was sick  
89.2
10.8
100
Page  50
135
Table VN7:  VIETNAM 
–
Smoking Behavior, By Poverty Status, 
Rural/Urban 
 
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Rural Female 
not 
smoking 
32.9
28.3
31.1
smoking  
67.1
71.7
68.9
Male  
not smoking 
25.8
23.3
24.9
smoking  
74.2
76.7
75.1
Total not 
smoking 
26
23.5
25.2
smoking  
74
76.5
74.8
Urban Female 
not 
smoking 
26.2
16.7
25
smoking  
73.8
83.3
75
Male  
not smoking 
20.8
16
20.5
smoking  
79.2
84
79.5
Total not 
smoking 
21
16
20.6
smoking  
79
84
79.4
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Rural Female 
not 
smoking 
65.8
34.2
100
smoking  
60.7
39.3
100
Male  
not smoking 
67.3
32.7
100
smoking  
64.3
35.7
100
Total not 
smoking 
67.2
32.8
100
smoking  
64.2
35.8
100
Urban Female 
not 
smoking 
91.7
8.3
100
smoking  
86.1
13.9
100
Male  
not smoking 
94.8
5.2
100
smoking  
92.9
7.1
100
Total not 
smoking 
94.7
5.3
100
smoking  
92.7
7.3
100
Page  51
1
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Page  53
138
Table VN10:  VIETNAM 
–
Type Of Housing, By Poverty Status, 
Rural/Urban 
 
Rural Urban 
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Type of the house 
City house+garden  
0
.
0
0.3
.
0.3
Multistoried house T1  
0.6
0.3
0.5
17.7
1.3
16.2
Multistoried house T2  
2
0.4
1.3
5.5
2.4
5.2
One story house with private 
toilet  
0.5
0.1
0.3
7.5
0.5
6.8
One story house with separate 
toilet 
8.4
4.7
6.7
7.8
6.3
7.6
Semipermanent house  
66.5
56.3
61.8
50.7
42.7
50
Temporary house  
22
38.2
29.4
10.6
46.8
13.9
Total 
100
100
100
100
100
100
Rural Urban 
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Type of the house 
City house+garden  
100
.
100
100
.
100
Multistoried house T1  
74.1
25.9
100
99.3
0.7
100
Multistoried house T2  
84.8
15.2
100
95.7
4.3
100
One story house with private 
toilet  
91.4
8.6
100
99.4
0.6
100
One story house with separate 
toilet 
68
32
100
92.4
7.6
100
Semipermanent house  
58.6
41.4
100
92.2
7.8
100
Temporary house  
40.8
59.2
100
69.1
30.9
100
Total 
54.5
45.5
100
90.8
9.2
100
Page  54
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Page  56
141
Table VN13:  VIETNAM 
–
Household Characteristics, By Poverty 
Status, Rural/Urban 
 
Poverty Head Count (%) 
Rural 
0.455
Urban 
0.092
Total 
0.374
Number of children, total 
 
Not poor 
Poor  
Total 
Rural 
1.93
2.89
2.37
Urban 
1.46
3.05
1.61
Total 
1.78
2.9
2.2
Number of children among hhs with chidren 
 
Not poor 
Poor  
Total 
Rural 
2.32
3.06
2.68
Urban 
1.92
3.27
2.07
HH size 
 
Not poor 
Poor  
Total 
Rural 
5.11
6.08
5.55
Urban 
5.07
6.76
5.22
Rooms per person 
 
Not poor 
Poor  
Total 
Rural 
0.56
0.37
0.47
Urban 
0.61
0.36
0.59
Living area, m2 pp 
 
Not poor 
Poor  
Total 
Rural 
10.97
7.66
9.46
Urban 
10.82
6
10.37
Total area, m2 pp 
 
Not poor 
Poor  
Total 
Rural 
16.84
11.38
14.36
Urban 
15.7
8.85
15.07
Page  57
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Page  58
143
Table VN15:  VIETNAM 
–
Source Of Drinking Water, By Poverty, 
Status, Rural/Urban 
 
Rural Urban 
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Source of drinking water 
Inside private tap  
1.3
0.8
1.1
46.5
8.2
43
Ouside private tap  
0.7
0.3
0.5
10.2
8.3
10
Public standpipe  
0.3
0.3
0.3
4.7
5.7
4.8
Deep drill well with pump 
18.1
7.9
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.6
Hand dug well  
39.8
43.2
41.4
11.5
27.2
12.9
Filtered spring water  
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.1
.
0.1
other well  
8.9
12
10.3
2.5
7.4
3
Rain water  
14.6
10.2
12.6
4.2
14
5.1
River, lake, pond  
13.1
16.6
14.7
2.9
4.9
3.1
Container water  
0.2
0.2
0.2
.
..
Other  
2.5
8
5
3.9
10.6
4.5
Total 
100
100
100
100
100
100
Page  59
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Page  60
1
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Page  61
146
Table VN18:  VIETNAM 
–
Type Of Toilet, By Poverty Status, 
Rural/Urban 
 
Rural Urban 
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Type of toilet 
Flush toilet with septic tank  
6.2
0.6
3.7
65.4
23.6
61.5
Double vault compost lartine  
14.3
5.3
10.2
7.3
2.9
6.9
Simple toilet  
43.3
49.7
46.2
13.7
32.2
15.4
Toilet directly over the water 
13.5
11.1
12.4
2.4
2.7
2.5
Other type  
4.9
5.5
5.2
1.1
.1
No toilet  
17.8
27.7
22.3
10.1
38.6
12.7
Total 
100
100
100
100
100
100
Rural Urban 
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Not poor
Poor 
Total
Type of toilet 
Flush toilet with septic tank  
92.1
7.9
100
96.5
3.5
100
Double vault compost lartine  
76.1
23.9
100
96.1
3.9
100
Simple toilet  
51
49
100
80.8
19.2
100
Toilet directly over the water 
59.3
40.7
100
90.1
9.9
100
Other type  
51.5
48.5
100
100
.
100
No toilet  
43.5
56.5
100
72.2
27.8
100
Total 
54.5
45.5
100
90.8
9.2
100