Informing Policy and Decisions

Independent Evaluation Group

doi:10.1596/IEG176530

Annual Report

Informing Policy and Decisions : IEG 2022 Annual Report

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2022

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Independent Evaluation Group

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The annual report looks back at the past fiscal year and explores how IEG's reports increasingly inform policy and decision making.

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“Independent Evaluation Group. 2022. Informing Policy and Decisions : IEG 2022 Annual Report. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/38102 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”

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http://hdl.handle.net/10986/38102

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Global Economic Prospects, January 2023

World Bank (2023-01-10)

Global growth is projected to decelerate sharply, reflecting synchronous policy tightening aimed at containing very high inflation, worsening financial conditions, and continued disruptions from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Investment growth in emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) is expected to remain below its average rate of the past two decades. Further adverse shocks could push the global economy into recession. Small states are especially vulnerable to such shocks because of the reliance on external trade and financing, limited economic diversification, elevated debt, and susceptibility to natural disasters. Against this backdrop, it is critical that EMDE policy makers ensure that any fiscal support is focused on vulnerable groups, that inflation expectations remain well anchored, and that financial systems continue to be resilient. Urgent global and national efforts are also needed to mitigate the risks of global recession and debt distress in EMDEs, and to support a major increase in EMDE investment.

Global growth is projected to decelerate sharply, reflecting synchronous policy tightening aimed at containing very high inflation, worsening financial conditions, and continued disruptions from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Investment growth in emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) is expected to remain below its average rate of the past two decades. Further adverse shocks could push the global economy into recession. Small states are especially vulnerable to such shocks because of the reliance on external trade and financing, limited ...

Global growth is projected to decelerate sharply, reflecting synchronous policy tightening aimed at containing very high inflation, worsening financial conditions, and continued disruptions from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Investment growth in emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) is expected to remain below its average rate of the past two decades. Further adverse shocks could push the global ...
The Global Minimum Tax : From Agreement to Implementation - Policy Considerations, Implementation Options, and Next Steps

O’Sullivan, David; Cebreiro Gómez, Ana (2022)

In October 2021, a historic two-pillar international agreement was reached among 137 countries of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS to address the twin challenges of globalization and digitalization. Pillar One will reallocate tax revenues to the country of the consumer. Pillar Two introduces a global minimum effective tax for MNEs (GMT). This paper focuses on implementation of the GMT. It provides an overview of the core GMT rules, examines implementation by countries thus far, evaluates the key policy considerations (including the impact on tax incentives), and provides a framework for evaluation of the implementation options. The paper also makes recommendations on practical steps in the implementation process, including administrative issues and consultation with key stakeholders. These discussions are expected to be particularly relevant for developing countries.

In October 2021, a historic two-pillar international agreement was reached among 137 countries of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS to address the twin challenges of globalization and digitalization. Pillar One will reallocate tax revenues to the country of the consumer. Pillar Two introduces a global minimum effective tax for MNEs (GMT). This paper focuses on implementation of the GMT. It provides an overview of the core GMT rules, ...

In October 2021, a historic two-pillar international agreement was reached among 137 countries of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS to address the twin challenges of globalization and digitalization. Pillar One will reallocate tax revenues to the country of the consumer. Pillar Two introduces a global minimum effective tax ...
An Investment Perspective on Global Value Chains

Qiang, Christine Zhenwei; Liu, Yan; Steenbergen, Victor (2021-05-13)

This book examines the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in global value chains (GVCs). To stimulate economic transformation through GVCs, policy makers in developing countries need to better understand the business strategies of multinational corporations (MNCs), internationalization pathways for domestic firms, and how policies can create a favorable environment for both types of firms. Part I brings together the latest theories and empirical evidence to illustrate the mutually reinforcing relationship between FDI and GVC participation. It argues that MNCs have driven the phenomenal rise of GVCs in the past three decades as they have unbundled production processes and spread their networks on a global scale. Domestic firms benefit considerably from their participation in GVCs as they learn from MNCs through investment, partnerships, or trade. Part II includes six case studies examining the approaches of developing countries to leveraging FDI to stimulate and facilitate GVC participation and upgrading. The cases include Kenya (horticulture), Honduras (apparel), Malaysia (elect ...

This book examines the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in global value chains (GVCs). To stimulate economic transformation through GVCs, policy makers in developing countries need to better understand the business strategies of multinational corporations (MNCs), internationalization pathways for domestic firms, and how policies can create a favorable environment for both types of firms. Part I brings together the latest theories and empirical evidence to illustrate the mutually reinforcing relationship between FDI and GVC participation. ...

This book examines the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in global value chains (GVCs). To stimulate economic transformation through GVCs, policy makers in developing countries need to better understand the business strategies of multinational corporations (MNCs), internationalization pathways for domestic firms, and how policies can create a favorable environment for both types of firms. Part I brings ...

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Global Economic Prospects, January 2023

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