Energy-Environment Review

17 items available

Permanent URI for this collection

Items in this collection

Now showing 1 - 10 of 17
  • Publication
    Russia and Global Green Transition: Risks and Opportunities
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-12-07) Makarov, Igor; Besley, Daniel; Hasan, Dudu; Boratynski, Jakub; Chepeliev, Maksym; Golub, Elena; Nemova, Vladislava; Stepanov, Ilya
    Greener economic development in Russia will allow the country to overcome the limits of its current fossil fuel-dependent growth model. It can deliver prosperity to Russia’s citizens that is more sustainable and more resilient to external shocks in a rapidly changing global economy. The choices toward carbon neutrality made by an increasing number of countries and companies bring a new wave of uncertainty to the value of fossil fuel assets. This uncertainty is likely to result in lower and more volatile revenue from exports of hydrocarbons and energy-intensive industrial products.
  • Publication
    Toward an Eco-Industrial Park Framework in Punjab: Regulatory and Institutional Strengthening for Industrial Estates
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-08-30) World Bank
    The aim of this report is to provide the Government of Punjab with a preliminary overview of opportunities and obstacles for the adoption of the EIP Framework by industrial estates (IEs) in Punjab, based on the World Bank Group's experience with emerging economies in implementation of the EIP Framework, as well as the results from research on policy regimes and industrial practices in Punjab. As part of this analysis, Sundar Industrial Estate (SIE) has been selected to pilot the high-level technical analysis on the environmental, social, and economic areas to improve, to operationalize the EIP Framework. Results and recommendations in this report are delivered as part of the broader support of the World Bank Group to the government through the Punjab Green Development Program (P165388). In a 2014 assessment of environmental management for Pakistan's industrial growth, the main findings and recommendations suggest that "to strengthen Pakistan’s industrial growth and industrial estates, the government must provide: (i) sectoral policies that support the greening of Pakistan's industrial sector to enhance international competitiveness; (ii) upgraded trade facilitation and sustainable infrastructure (particularly transport and energy infrastructure) to address some of the spatial aspects of industrialization; and (iii) strong institutions for effective industrialization initiatives, including those for small and medium enterprises." As IEs can play a pivotal role in industrial development, it is expected that the EIP Framework will help achieve the vision of Punjab's Growth Strategy 2023 to create "a globally connected and competitive, equitable, culturally vibrant and technologically advanced Punjab with sustainable economic growth driven through a dynamic private sector, an efficient public sector, rich and productive human capital and, a regionally equalized development footprint by 2023."
  • Publication
    Republic of Turkey: Institutional Review of Energy Efficiency
    (Washington, DC, 2015-05) World Bank
    Energy efficiency (EE) is critical to help Turkey continue its trajectory of economic growth in a sustainable manner. The Government of Turkey recognizes this and has placed EE as a key component of its energy strategy and National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan. Over the past 5-10 years, it has made considerable advances in establishing a strong policy and legal framework, creating a robust institutional set-up and developing programs to support EE implementation. Institutionally, the General Directorate of Electric Power Resources Survey and Development Administration (EIE) had been mandated with EE policy making, implementation and promotion since 1981, and an Energy Efficiency Coordination Board (EECB) was established under the 2007 EE Law to coordinate various EE policies, programs and other efforts. In November 2011, EIE was converted into the General Directorate for Renewable Energy (GDRE) and absorbed within the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MENR). The World Bank conducted an EE institutional review in consultation with the Turkish Government with the objective to enhance their ability to more effectively manage EE policies and programs and thus contribute to helping meet its stated national EE targets. The review consisted of a detailed assessment of the current institutional set-up, including roles and responsibilities for EE in Turkey, along with a comparison with international experience and best practices. A final set of institutional options and recommendations are provided at the end of the report.
  • Publication
    Cumulative Impacts and Joint Operation of Small-Scale Hydropower Cascades: Case Studies for Selected River Basins in Northwest Vietnam
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2014-02-01) World Bank
    Increasing energy demands and concerns about global warming call for an increase in energy generation from renewable sources. Small hydropower plants represent a significant contribution to meet this demand. But the optimal use of this resource in a sustainable manner still remains a challenge. A cascade of small dams may have detrimental impacts on the environment and water use without implementation of proper mitigation measures and planning. To obtain more insight in the consequences of hydropower cascades and possibilities to improve the cascade planning process in order to reduce such impacts, the Vietnamese Ministry of Industry and Trade and the World Bank jointly initiated the study on cumulative impacts and joint operation of small-scale hydropower cascades Supported by the Renewable Energy Development Program (REDP) in Vietnam. Chapter two provides a brief background on the small-scale hydropower development in Vietnam including its current planning procedures, while Chapter three provides a description of the six studied river basins. Chapter four describes the approach, methods and definitions of the study. During the first phase of the study all six rivers were screened for potential significant cumulative impacts. The results of this screening were presented in a separate report, of which the summary is given in chapter five. This screening showed that for four of the rivers significant cumulative impacts can be expected, which merited further detailed analysis. These four rivers are Ngoi Xan, Nam Tha, Nam Chien and Sap. For each of the four detailed study cases a description of the river basin and hydropower cascade has been made, the hydrological and environmental impacts were assessed and opportunities for joint operations quantified. This report presents summaries of the cumulative impact analyses (chapter six) and draws general conclusions with respect to present and future environmental conditions (chapter seven). It also summarizes the results of the optimization modeling for each cascade (chapter eight) and provides recommendations for future planning and cascade operation (chapter nine).
  • Publication
    Diesel Power Generation: Inventories and Black Carbon Emissions in Nigeria
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2014) World Bank
    Diesel gensets contribute to emissions of fine particulate matter (PM), including black carbon, which derives from the incomplete combustion of diesel (as occurs in many diesel generating sets or gensets). Particulate matter is a predisposing factor for respiratory and cardiopulmonary disease leading to increased hospital visits and risk of premature death. Local health costs can have a greater impact in the short-run in densely populated urban centers such as Abuja and Lagos. Black carbon (BC) is the most strongly light-absorbing component of particulate matter and is the second largest warming agent after carbon dioxide. The emerging role of BC as a significant driver of global climate change is increasing attention on its mitigation efforts. In addition to the negative health and the climate effects of emissions, most gensets contribute significantly to noise pollution which further reduces the quality of life of users and non-users alike.
  • Publication
    Energizing Economic Growth in Ghana : Making the Power and Petroleum Sectors Rise to the Challenge
    (Washington, DC, 2013-06) World Bank
    The main objective of this report is to provide the new Government of Ghana with recommendations on the actions needed to improve the performance of Ghana's energy sector. The report focuses on the power and petroleum sectors, taking account of the interdependence between the sectors, and providing recommendations for how they can, together, drive future economic growth. This report aims to highlight the centrality of fixing the problems in the power sector as a path to ensuring that Ghana's economic growth ambitions are not stymied by a lack of electricity. The problems and their solutions are well known; what has been lacking is decisive and timely decision making to break the tendency to adopt reactive measures that often come too late when proactive measures will have led to better outcomes. Demand for gas in the power sector is set to expand rapidly, as new thermal generation capacity is built to meet rapidly growing power demand. However, to ensure successful development of its gas sector, Ghana will need to address a number of important challenges. The paper is organized as follows: chapter one gives introduction; chapter two deals with electricity demand and supply; chapter three deals with resolving generation and transmission bottlenecks; chapter four gives reforms urgently needed in power distribution; chapter five focuses on natural gas sector; and chapter six focuses on upstream oil and gas sector.
  • Publication
    Tajikistan’s Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2012-11) Fields, Daryl; Kochnakyan, Artur; Stuggins, Gary; Besant-Jones, John
    Reliable power supply is critical for Tajikistan's economy and poverty reduction goals. Without reliable, affordable electricity throughout the year, Tajikistan's businesses cannot invest, operate and create jobs; hospitals and schools cannot function fully or safely with frequent power cuts during winter; citizens suffer indoor air pollution from burning wood for heating and cooking. Electricity also powers the country's two largest exports: aluminum and agricultural produce, which account for about 30 percent of Tajikistan's annual gross domestic product and almost 45 percent of export earnings. Currently, electricity is the cheapest available resource to heat homes so the residential and commercial sectors are highly dependent on electricity for heat as well as lighting and industrial processes. The Government is responsible for guiding programs that keep power supply apace with demand. The purpose of this study is to assist the Government in further defining ways to meet growing demand for electricity in Tajikistan, with a particular focus on the recurring winter shortages which amount to about 24 percent of winter demand. The study also examines the potential benefits of power exports, particularly during summers when hydropower plants spill energy. The study explores a range of alternatives to meet electricity demand as quickly as possible and develop a short term plan of action to alleviate the social and economic costs of winter shortages. The study focuses on multiple initiatives that can be started immediately and simultaneously, and will establish fundamental components of energy security for Tajikistan, namely: to moderate unsustainable demand growth, protect the current asset base, and remedy the thermal/hydro imbalance in the energy sector.
  • Publication
    Identifying and Working with Beneficiaries When Rights Are Unclear : Insights for REDD+ Initiatives
    (Program on Forests (PROFOR), Washington, DC, 2012-02) Bruce, John; Nielsen, Robin
    Expert statements indicate that annually approximately 20 billion dollars will be needed to prevent 90 percent deforestation in tropical countries. Development practitioners are eager to see the benefits from REDD plus initiatives shared with local partners. Equally important to understanding how local partners might benefit are questions such as, who should derive benefits from REDD plus initiatives, and how to ensure these initiatives reach the affected households, individuals, communities, companies, and government units. Getting benefit-sharing rights is fundamental, as it will determine how REDD plus initiatives serve a broader development agenda and prevent them from centralizing decision making and enabling elite capture. This paper examines how to address this challenge by adopting a legal pluralism framework and discussing the potential role of legal instruments such as contracts. While the analysis focuses largely on REDD plus activities that involve land, forests, and carbon sequestration, many of the principles suggested are applicable in a broad sense to REDD plus projects dealing with energy and other matters. This paper explores the substantive legal issues and procedural options for identifying beneficiaries in such contexts and ways of working with them despite the legal uncertainty. It gives considerable attention to process, an approach reflecting the diversity of the situations on the ground. To explore these issues, the paper draws upon several relevant bodies of learning on forestry projects and programs, including the literatures on land, tree and forest tenure, legal pluralism, forest project design and implementation, the protection of indigenous peoples, and resettlement issues associated with development projects. The paper also explores how contracts or agreements could be used to work with the beneficiaries and clearly capture the different parties' rights and responsibilities. It examines experiences discussed in the literature, and reviews three good practice projects. Lessons are drawn from both those projects and earlier relevant experiences.
  • Publication
    Best Practices for Market-Based Power Rationing : Implications for South Africa
    (Washington, DC, 2011-06) World Bank
    This report summarizes South Africa's energy challenges, efforts to establish a low-carbon energy strategy through the Power Conservation Program; and several World Bank backed initiatives to help the country save energy, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and help South Africa cope with a power crunch. The Power Conservation Program has proved its effectiveness. The economic benefits of the program include the reduced need for dispatching expensive, oil-fired power plants. The national electric utility, Eskom, has maintained the Power Conservation Program as an option that can be expanded beyond the large industrial customer base, if further power shortages arise due to an imbalance between electricity supply and demand. The system is well understood among Eskom's staff, integrated into business processes, and it can be adjusted to accommodate a larger customer base, if necessary. It is an excellent hedging mechanism that can help Eskom to manage power system reliability if the reserve margins deteriorate in the future.
  • Publication
    Implementing Energy Efficiency and Demand Side Management : South Africa’s Standard Offer Model
    (Washington, DC, 2011-06) World Bank
    This report evaluates opportunities for South Africa to adopt a low carbon development pathway through a standard offer model. The standard offer aims to: provide customers and energy service companies a predetermined amount for delivered energy or demand savings, allow them to efficiently and rapidly structure and propose energy efficiency and demand side management projects, streamline the project approval process and scale-up project development and implementation, simplify the contracts between the utility and the energy service companies or customers, reduce the burden on the utility staff for project evaluation and processing, provide transparency to project proponents on the payments for delivered savings, facilitate the leveraging of commercial financing for energy efficiency projects, and reduce the utility's risk by making the payments. The report concludes that while South Africa has taken important steps towards implementing key elements of a national mitigation strategy; some practical problems, capacity limitations, and market and institutional barriers have affected the progress to date. The support outlined in this briefing note has helped to diagnose and address some of these limitations and barriers by adapting lessons from international experience to South Africa.