Publication: Benchmarking Local Government Performance on Rural Sanitation : Learning from Himachal Pradesh, India
Date
2010-04
ISSN
Published
2010-04
Author(s)
World Bank
Abstract
Open defecation is a traditional
behavior in rural India. Conventional rural sanitation
programs have been based on the assumption that people
defecate in the open because they are too poor to afford the
cost of constructing a toilet. Therefore, subsidies for
upfront capital costs were provided to generate demand for
'sanitation,' interpreted narrowly as a pour-flush
toilet. These programs increased the reported coverage of
household toilets but had a poor record with respect to
toilet usage, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. To
address the shortcomings of conventional rural sanitation
programs, the Government of India launched the Total
Sanitation Campaign (TSC) in 1999, with the goal of
achieving universal rural sanitation coverage by 2012. The
Water and Sanitation Program's (WSP) Global Scaling up
Sanitation Project (also known as Total Sanitation and
Sanitation Marketing, or TSSM) leverages the TSC framework
and resources. TSSM combines Community-Led Total Sanitation
(CLTS) with sanitation marketing to help local governments
effectively use their funds to end open defecation and
achieve sustainable impact.
Citation
“World Bank. 2010. Benchmarking Local Government Performance on Rural Sanitation : Learning from Himachal Pradesh, India. Water and Sanitation Program : Learning Note. © Washington, DC. http://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/d3c02c3b-95ed-5925-9d86-ae4a5b2f433b License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”