Publication:
Measuring Success of Youth Livelihood Interventions: A Practical Guide to Monitoring and Evaluation

No Thumbnail Available
Files in English
English PDF (0 B)
4,518 downloads
English Text (72 B)
184 downloads
Other Files
Arabic PDF (5.64 MB)
284 downloads
Published
2012
ISSN
Date
2016-03-31
Editor(s)
Abstract
Programs to actively support young people's employment prospects have existed for decades in industrialized countries; however, they are relatively new in developing nations. In a broad sense, youth livelihood interventions support young people's means to earn a living, and include training, public service, youth entrepreneurship, and financial services. More narrowly, many practitioners define youth livelihood programs as activities targeting particularly vulnerable and marginalized groups in the informal economy, with a specific focus on self-employment. This guide adopts the broader definition and includes workforce development for the formal sector. This is an introductory guide written for practitioners with no or very limited knowledge about impact evaluation or quantitative research methods, but who nonetheless care about demonstrating the true results of their work. It speaks to program managers and local monitoring and evaluation (M&E) officers across all types of organizations active in the youth livelihood field: local and international NGO's, local and national government officials, and bilateral and multilateral donors. Given the diversity of backgrounds and experiences among practitioners, it is impossible to tailor this guide to everyone equally well. However, we have tried to provide a comprehensive discussion of evaluation methods for youth livelihood interventions so that readers can identify the sections most relevant to their own interests and needs. With this guide, we aim to equip readers with the basic set of concepts and tools needed to make informed decisions about how to best evaluate their programs. We seek to provide a clear understanding of the variety of evaluation options available and the considerations that will allow practitioners to choose the most appropriate one based on learning objectives and operational context. Moreover, we describe how to manage an impact evaluation if it is the assessment method of choice. Our overarching goal is to strengthen the foundation of sound programming and policymaking by increasing the number of quality evaluations in the youth livelihood field, thereby facilitating the scale-up and replication of successful interventions.
Link to Data Set
Citation
Hempel, Kevin; Fiala, Nathan. 2012. Measuring Success of Youth Livelihood Interventions: A Practical Guide to Monitoring and Evaluation. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23991 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Digital Object Identifier
Associated URLs
Associated content
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    Employment Generation in Rural Africa
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2011-12) Blattman, Christopher; Fiala, Nathan; Martinez, Sebastian
    Can cash transfers promote employment and reduce poverty in rural Africa? Will lower youth unemployment and poverty reduce the risk of social instability? The authors experimentally evaluate one of Uganda's largest development programs, which provided thousands of young people nearly unconditional, unsupervised cash transfers to pay for vocational training, tools, and business start-up costs. Mid-term results after two years suggest four main findings. First, despite a lack of central monitoring and accountability, most youth invest the transfer in vocational skills and tools. Second, the economic impacts of the transfer are large: hours of non-household employment double and cash earnings increase by nearly 50 percent relative to the control group. The authors estimate the transfer yields a real annual return on capital of 35 percent on average. Third, the evidence suggests that poor access to credit is a major reason youth cannot start these vocations in the absence of aid. Much of the heterogeneity in impacts is unexplained, however, and is unrelated to conventional economic measures of ability, suggesting we have much to learn about the determinants of entrepreneurship. Finally, these economic gains result in modest improvements in social stability. Measures of social cohesion and community support improve mildly, by roughly 5 to 10 percent, especially among males, most likely because the youth becomes a net giver rather than a net taker in his kin and community network. Most strikingly, we see a 50 percent fall in interpersonal aggression and disputes among males, but a 50 percent increase among females. Neither change seems related to economic performance nor does social cohesion a puzzle to be explored in the next phase of the study. These results suggest that increasing access to credit and capital could stimulate employment growth in rural Africa. In particular, unconditional and unsupervised cash transfers may be a more effective and cost-efficient forming of large-scale aid than commonly believed. A second stage of data collection in 2012 will collect longitudinal economic impacts, additional data on political violence and behavior, and explore alternative theoretical mechanisms.
  • Publication
    Active Labor Market Programs for Youth : A Framework to Guide Youth Employment Interventions
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2010-11) Sanchez-Puerta, Maria Laura; Cunningham, Wendy; Wuermli, Alice
    Youth are three times more likely to be unemployed than adults, even in economies with strong economic growth. This note is a tool to provide policymakers and youth-serving organizations with a framework to better diagnose short- to medium-run constraints facing the stock of unemployed youth and to design evidence based youth employment interventions. The note only addresses youth employment; strategies to affect wages, productivity, underemployment, or job quality are not directly discussed. This note presents youth-oriented Active Labor Market Programs (ALMPs) that conform to one of two criteria. Each intervention either has been shown to have predominately positive impact, as measured by rigorous impact evaluations, or has weaker evidence of impact-rigorous evaluations with mixed evidence of impact or strong positive monitoring data-and is theoretically sound. Cost-effectiveness information is presented when available. The note focuses on programs that are appropriate to address constraints faced by youth from disadvantaged backgrounds.
  • Publication
    Youth Employment in Sierra Leone : Sustainable Livelihood Opportunities in a Post-conflict Setting
    (World Bank, 2009) Peeters, Pia; Cunningham, Wendy; Acharya, Gayatri; Van Adams, Arvil
    This study focuses on short- and medium-term solutions. It informs the government about the type of programs and policies that could improve the employability of young people, paying special attention to areas in which productivity can be rapidly improved. The report consists of six chapters. Chapter two profiles young people in Sierra Leone. Chapter three examines young people in the labor market, with a focus on the labor supply side of the equation (that is, the skills young people bring to the labor market). Chapter four turns to employers (the demand side of the labor market) to better understand why they do or do not employ young people. Chapter five reviews skill development programs to enhance employability of young people in Sierra Leone and other countries and presents policy options for improving worker skills (supply side) and employer interest (demand side). Chapter six summarizes the lessons from the analysis and concludes with policy and program recommendations.
  • Publication
    Rethinking Youth, Livelihoods, and Fragility in West Africa
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015) Fortune, Francis; Ismail, Olawale; Stephen, Monica
    Africa’s population is young and growing at twice the pace of other continents. A youth bulge presents a series of development policy opportunities and challenges. In this context, simplistic linkages between the youth bulge, high unemployment, and fragility have gained traction and given rise to a youth policy agenda that targets urban male youth as the problem and emphasizes formal sector development as the solution. This paper questions some of the core assumptions that underpin mainstream perceptions of the linkages between youth, employment, and fragility in West Africa, and presents an alternative analysis. The study will use the language of livelihoods to reflect on youth employment experiences, as livelihoods take into account the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources), and activities required for a means of living beyond traditional ideas of employment, and thus enable a deeper, more sophisticated understanding of the realities of many young West Africans. The paper argues that a nuanced understanding of specific groups of young people and their livelihood activities in their specific social, cultural, political, and economic context is necessary to understand how young peoples’ lives intersect with fragility dynamics. The paper aims to highlight that the relationship between youth, unemployment, underemployment, livelihoods, and fragility is far more complex than is often recognized and should not be exaggerated or taken out of context.
  • Publication
    Investing in Youth in the MENA Region : How to Operationalize Youth Interventions (II)
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2009-09) Cava, Gloria La; Morgandi, Matteo; Kaur, Iqbal; Semlali, Amina
    The objective of this Fast Brief, presented in two parts, is to illustrate several concrete examples from Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Europe and Central Asia (ECA) and Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) of youth-focused Analytical and Advisory Activities (AAA), investment lending, and grant-funded engagements, which can inform the growing work program in the region. Despite all the efforts to promote growth and significant investments in education by Arab countries, a large segment of Arab youth continues to remain outside of the mainstream of economic and social life. In 2006, the MENA already exhibited the highest youth unemployment rate in the World (24.6 percent and 25.7 percent respectively) as well as the largest gender gap in unemployment. Recent estimates predict that as a result of the economic crisis, youth unemployment could increase by a further 4.6 percent in the Middle East and up to 4 percent in North Africa over the 2008-2009 periods, and impact particularly on young women.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    Ethiopia Poverty and Equity Assessment
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-01-13) World Bank
    Ethiopia has seen many changes since 2016, which until now, has been the reference year for data about the level and pattern of poverty in the country. The narrative around poverty was that years of high growth resulted in a significant reduction in poverty, but by less than expected because growth was uneven between rural and urban areas which received most of the gains from growth and there was a slow shift of labor from agriculture into the fast-growing segments of the economy. Since 2016, GDP per capita growth has decelerated—to 4.6 percent during 2016-2022 compared to nearly 7.4 percent during 2010-2016—not least because of multiple crises, including a global pandemic, droughts, locust infestation, conflict, and market shocks. This Poverty and Equity Assessment (PEA) updates the understanding of poverty and inequality in the country, using new data collected from 2021. This data was collected amidst security concerns, which posed challenges during the data collection process. Despite these challenges, data quality checks have verified that the collected information is reliable and representative of the country, excluding areas that were inaccessible, such as Tigray. The PEA updates statistics on poverty rates, inequality, the poverty profile, and identifies the drivers of these trends (Part 1). It provides an in-depth understanding of the key drivers of poverty in the country (Part 2) and charts the course for reducing poverty in the years to come (Part 3). Below are some high-level messages drawn from the analysis presented in the seven chapters of the report. Additional details are accessible in background papers accompanying the report.
  • Publication
    Regional Poverty and Inequality Update: Latin America and the Caribbean, October 2025
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-10-23) World Bank
    This brief summarizes recent facts related to poverty and inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the latest wave of harmonized household surveys from the Socio-Economic Database for LAC (SEDLAC). This brief was produced by the Poverty Global Practice in the LAC Region of the World Bank.
  • Publication
    Thailand Monthly Economic Monitor, October 2025
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-10-22) World Bank
    Fiscal conditions remained stable, with a modest widening of the deficit to 3.1 percent of GDP. New stimulus measures are expected to support short-term demand without breaching the public debt ceiling. Inflation stayed negative, reflecting lower energy and food prices amid subdued domestic demand. The central bank kept the policy rate unchanged, citing limited policy space. Thailand’s growth momentum has slowed further as manufacturing activity and services weakened as projected. Tourism remained subdued, largely due to fewer Chinese visitors. Goods exports also slowed as earlier front-loaded orders faded, particularly in agriculture and industrial goods. The Thai baht depreciated in early October as the US dollar appreciated and the current account turned negative.
  • Publication
    Digital Africa
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-03-13) Begazo, Tania; Dutz, Mark Andrew; Blimpo, Moussa
    All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. "Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs" shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing, digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, it can support not only countries’ short-term objective of postpandemic economic recovery but also their vision of economic transformation with more inclusive growth. These outcomes are not automatic, however. Mobile internet availability has increased throughout the continent in recent years, but Africa’s uptake gap is the highest in the world. Areas with at least 3G mobile internet service now cover 84 percent of Africa’s population, but only 22 percent uses such services. And the average African business lags in the use of smartphones and computers as well as more sophisticated digital technologies that catalyze further productivity gains. Two issues explain the usage gap: affordability of these new technologies and willingness to use them. For the 40 percent of Africans below the extreme poverty line, mobile data plans alone would cost one-third of their incomes—in addition to the price of access devices, apps, and electricity. Data plans for small- and medium-size businesses are also more expensive than in other regions. Moreover, shortcomings in the quality of internet services—and in the supply of attractive, skills-appropriate apps that promote entrepreneurship and raise earnings—dampen people’s willingness to use them. For those countries already using these technologies, the development payoffs are significant. New empirical studies for this report add to the rapidly growing evidence that mobile internet availability directly raises enterprise productivity, increases jobs, and reduces poverty throughout Africa. To realize these and other benefits more widely, Africa’s countries must implement complementary and mutually reinforcing policies to strengthen both consumers’ ability to pay and willingness to use digital technologies. These interventions must prioritize productive use to generate large numbers of inclusive jobs in a region poised to benefit from a massive, youthful workforce—one projected to become the world’s largest by the end of this century.
  • Publication
    FY 2025 Ethiopia Country Opinion Survey Report
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-10-15) World Bank
    The Country Opinion Survey in Ethiopia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Ethiopia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Ethiopia on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Ethiopia; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Ethiopia; 3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Ethiopia; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in Ethiopia.