Publication:
ICT and the Education of Refugees: A Stocktaking of Innovative Approaches in the MENA Region

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Files in English
English PDF (653.87 KB)
2,137 downloads
English Text (166.12 KB)
506 downloads
Published
2016
ISSN
Date
2017-05-08
Editor(s)
Abstract
More than 10 million school-age children have been forced out of school in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) due to armed conflict in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Libya and other countries. Most are displaced internally but others have fled across borders to seek refuge. As governments and international agencies struggle to ensure these children a safe learning environment and a good quality education, many look to information and communications technology (ICT) to provide at least part of the solution. The use of smartphones and other mobile devices, ubiquitous even among impoverished refugees, can provide a platform that educators can leverage to reach marginalized children and youth. This paper aims to inform discussion on the role information and communications technology (ICT) can play in the educational response to the refugee crisis in the MENA. It provides a clear and concise snapshot of the role ICT has played, the promise it holds, the projects that are currently under preparation and what more might be done. The purpose of this note is to provide a clear and concise snapshot of the role ICT has played, the promise it holds, the projects that are currently under preparation, and what more might be done. This is in no way a comprehensive assessment but rather an attempt to promote dialogue and inform programs.
Link to Data Set
Citation
Lewis, Kent; Thacker, Simon. 2016. ICT and the Education of Refugees: A Stocktaking of Innovative Approaches in the MENA Region. SABER-ICT Technical Paper Series;No. 17. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26522 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Digital Object Identifier
Associated URLs
Associated content
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    Steering Dubai's Education Reform through Incentive and Accountability Drivers
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2014-10) Thacker, Simon
    As Dubai has grown over the last two decades, the demand for private education has grown with it, a reflection of the number of expatriates settling in the city and the various curricula on offer to cater to expatriates. Given the city-state's unique context (in which a majority of the population are expatriates, not Emiratis), the immediate challenge for this new public institution was to identify an appropriate approach for regulating a private education sector. It was the central tenets of this approach, dependent essentially on oversight rather than intervention, which appealed to the knowledge and human development authority (KHDA) and so the policy framework from that report was adopted, adapted, and put into place in Dubai. The KHDA has returned to the World Bank requesting a review of the governance initiatives. A World Bank team, working in close collaboration with counterparts in the KHDA, and in consultation with the wider stakeholders in question (private school owners, heads, teachers, and parents), completed the review and the findings are presented in this report.
  • Publication
    An Exception to the Gender Gap in Education : The Middle East?
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2011-07) Ezzine, Mourad; Thacker, Simon; Chamlou, Nadereh
    An interesting consequence of the Arab Spring is that it is compelling the West to re-evaluate its understanding of the Middle East. Stereotypes and misconceptions have abounded, but today the region can no longer be grossly dismissed as home only to extremists or the oil-rich. Instead, a more nuanced and accurate picture is emerging: one that is as full of contradictions as an image of any region will be. For a region not known for its equitable attitudes towards women, for instance, the Middle East offers up some surprising results for girls in school, results that are much better in some ways than the rest of the world.
  • Publication
    Regional Collaboration on Education
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-03) Thacker, Simon; Moreno, Juan Manuel
    This Knowledge and Learning Note discusses regional collaboration on education in the Arab world. Regional collaboration on Education is arguably more challenging, comparatively speaking, in the Arab World than in other regions of the world. There are many reasons for this which this brief spells out. In education, it is true the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region had initially made great strides after Independence in improving access, equity, and completion outcomes. However, as far as regional collaboration on education is concerned, national policymakers largely worked to address domestic concerns alone with only little external assistance, mostly because the education sector was considered to be entwined in national interest and identity. This brief offers current trends and examples of the state of education in the MENA region including examples of programs and main focal points to achieve higher educational standards.
  • Publication
    Transforming Teacher Education in the West Bank and Gaza
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-07) Burke, Andrew; Cuadra, Ernesto; Mahon, Tony; Moreno, Juan Manuel; Thacker, Simon
    This paper provides a comprehensive review of the World Bank–supported Teacher Education Improvement Project for Grades 1-4 Class Teachers in the West Bank and Gaza (2008-19) and has important policy implications for similar initiatives in other developing economies. A professional development index of teaching competences was created and used to redesign, develop, implement, and evaluate pre-service and in-service programs in line with international good practice. By linking pre-service to in-service, the index is innovative in capturing the continuum of a teacher's professional development. The index as well as all elements of the pre-service and in-service programs were developed by Palestinians with consultant assistance. This developmental process strengthened the capacity of those involved and ensured understanding and ownership of outputs. The project resulted in an increase of fully qualified teachers from 54 percent in 2011 to 92 percent in 2018. In 2019, five of six university pre-service programs were granted unconditional accreditation by representative panels chaired by international experts. The project won the United Kingdom's prestigious Times Higher Education Award for International Impact, 2018 due to its innovative approaches and potential for replication in other countries. The model of reform developed in the project is currently influencing the development of strategies for the coherent and systemic reform of teacher education in World Bank–supported projects in The Gambia and Zambia.
  • Publication
    ICT and the Education of Refugees
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-07) World Bank
    More than 10 million school-age children have been forced out of school in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) due to armed conflict in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Libya and other countries. Most are displaced internally but others have fled across borders to seek refuge. Displacement may have become a constant, perhaps permanent feature of the 21st century; if so, it is important to be prepared and develop a lasting capacity to deal with displacement wherever it occurs and enact policies that support and enable new ways to learn.As governments and international agencies struggle to ensure these children a safe learning environment and a good quality education, many look to information and communications technology (ICT) to provide at least part of the solution. The use of smartphones and other mobile devices, ubiquitous even among impoverished refugees, can provide a platform that educators can leverage to reach marginalized children and youth.The purpose of this note is to provide a clear and concise snapshot of the role ICT has played, the promise it holds, the projects that are currently under preparation, and what more might be done. This is in no way a comprehensive assessment but rather an attempt to promote dialogue and inform programs. Among the main points are the following: The situation of refugees in MENA is highly diverse and ICT-supported interventions can be and must be correspondingly diverse: indeed, each intervention should be tailored to particular needs of particular groups and be integrated with an appropriate pedagogy. Technology can also aid parents and relief organizations, not only students and teachers. While UN agencies strive to integrate refugees into local school systems, the potential of small-scale private schooling, assisted by technology, should be explored. ICT can replace teachers and organized learning only in rare instances; but it can provide effective support to education, especially when supplemented with teacher training. Many seek evidence that technology-assisted approaches are effective, but little has been gathered with respect to ICT in education generally, let alone in emergency situations. The current situation provides numerous opportunities to build the evidence base, even carry out randomized control trials, and thereby improve ICT interventions and bring them to scale. In the meantime, lacking a robust evidence base, researchers and practitioners have formulated design principles that can provide guidance.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    World Development Report 2006
    (Washington, DC, 2005) World Bank
    This year’s Word Development Report (WDR), the twenty-eighth, looks at the role of equity in the development process. It defines equity in terms of two basic principles. The first is equal opportunities: that a person’s chances in life should be determined by his or her talents and efforts, rather than by pre-determined circumstances such as race, gender, social or family background. The second principle is the avoidance of extreme deprivation in outcomes, particularly in health, education and consumption levels. This principle thus includes the objective of poverty reduction. The report’s main message is that, in the long run, the pursuit of equity and the pursuit of economic prosperity are complementary. In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Development Indicators 2005‹an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development.
  • Publication
    Digital Africa
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-03-13) Begazo, Tania; Dutz, Mark Andrew; Blimpo, Moussa
    All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. "Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs" shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing, digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, it can support not only countries’ short-term objective of postpandemic economic recovery but also their vision of economic transformation with more inclusive growth. These outcomes are not automatic, however. Mobile internet availability has increased throughout the continent in recent years, but Africa’s uptake gap is the highest in the world. Areas with at least 3G mobile internet service now cover 84 percent of Africa’s population, but only 22 percent uses such services. And the average African business lags in the use of smartphones and computers as well as more sophisticated digital technologies that catalyze further productivity gains. Two issues explain the usage gap: affordability of these new technologies and willingness to use them. For the 40 percent of Africans below the extreme poverty line, mobile data plans alone would cost one-third of their incomes—in addition to the price of access devices, apps, and electricity. Data plans for small- and medium-size businesses are also more expensive than in other regions. Moreover, shortcomings in the quality of internet services—and in the supply of attractive, skills-appropriate apps that promote entrepreneurship and raise earnings—dampen people’s willingness to use them. For those countries already using these technologies, the development payoffs are significant. New empirical studies for this report add to the rapidly growing evidence that mobile internet availability directly raises enterprise productivity, increases jobs, and reduces poverty throughout Africa. To realize these and other benefits more widely, Africa’s countries must implement complementary and mutually reinforcing policies to strengthen both consumers’ ability to pay and willingness to use digital technologies. These interventions must prioritize productive use to generate large numbers of inclusive jobs in a region poised to benefit from a massive, youthful workforce—one projected to become the world’s largest by the end of this century.
  • Publication
    World Development Report 1990
    (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990) World Bank
    This report is the thirteenth in the annual series addressing major development issues. This report is about the poor. It is thus about the fundamental issue in economic development : the eradication of poverty from the world. The report defines poverty in broad terms, to include literacy, nutrition, and health, as well as income. The evidence suggests that rapid and politically sustainable progress on poverty has been achieved by pursuing a strategy with two equally important elements. The first is to promote the efficient use of the poor's most abundant asset : labor. It calls for policies that harness market incentives, social and political institutions, infrastructure and technology. The second element is the provision of basic social services to the poor (e.g. primary health care, family planning, nutrition, and primary education). The report concludes that eliminating poverty altogether is not a realistic goal for the 1990s, but that reducing it greatly is entirely possible. Using plausible assumptions about the global economic environment, and with some policy improvements, the report projects a fall of one third in the number of people in poverty by the year 2000.
  • Publication
    Argentina Country Climate and Development Report
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-11) World Bank Group
    The Argentina Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) explores opportunities and identifies trade-offs for aligning Argentina’s growth and poverty reduction policies with its commitments on, and its ability to withstand, climate change. It assesses how the country can: reduce its vulnerability to climate shocks through targeted public and private investments and adequation of social protection. The report also shows how Argentina can seize the benefits of a global decarbonization path to sustain a more robust economic growth through further development of Argentina’s potential for renewable energy, energy efficiency actions, the lithium value chain, as well as climate-smart agriculture (and land use) options. Given Argentina’s context, this CCDR focuses on win-win policies and investments, which have large co-benefits or can contribute to raising the country’s growth while helping to adapt the economy, also considering how human capital actions can accompany a just transition.
  • Publication
    Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21) Luna-Bazaldua, Diego; Levin, Victoria; Liberman, Julia; Gala, Priyal Mukesh
    This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.