Publication:
Urbanization in Developing Countries

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dc.contributor.authorVernon Henderson
dc.date.accessioned2013-12-19T22:02:54Z
dc.date.available2013-12-19T22:02:54Z
dc.date.issued2002
dc.description.abstractThe rapid urbanization in many developing countries over the past half century seems to have been accompanied by excessively high levels of concentration of the urban population in very large cities. Some degree of urban concentration may be desirable initially to reduce inter- and intraregional infrastructure expenditures. But in a mature system of cities, economic activity is more spread out. Standardized manufacturing production tends to be de-concentrated into smaller and medium-size metropolitan areas, whereas production in large metropolitan areas focuses on services, research and development, and non-standardized manufacturing. The costs of excessive concentration (traffic accidents, health costs from exposure to high levels of air and water pollution, and time lost to long commutes) stem from the large size of megacities and underdeveloped institutions and human resources for urban planning and management. Alleviating excessively high urban concentration requires investments in interregional transport and telecommunications to facilitate de-concentration of industry. It also requires fiscal de-concentration, so that interior cities can raise the fiscal resources and provide the services needed to compete with primate cities for industry and population.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/01/17592025/urbanization-developing-countries
dc.identifier.citationWorld Bank Research Observer
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/16420
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/16420
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesWorld Bank Research Observer
dc.rightsCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESSIBILITY
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectAGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectARTERIAL ROADS
dc.subjectAUTONOMY
dc.subjectBANKING SERVICES
dc.subjectBIG CITIES
dc.subjectBOTTLENECKS
dc.subjectBUSINESS SERVICES
dc.subjectCAPITAL CITIES
dc.subjectCAPITAL INVESTMENT
dc.subjectCAPITAL INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKETS
dc.subjectCENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
dc.subjectCENTRAL CITIES
dc.subjectCITY SIZE
dc.subjectCIVIL SERVICE
dc.subjectCONGESTION COSTS
dc.subjectCOST OF CAPITAL
dc.subjectCOST OF LIVING
dc.subjectCREDITWORTHINESS
dc.subjectDECENTRALIZATION
dc.subjectDECONCENTRATION
dc.subjectECONOMETRIC EVIDENCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectFISCAL AUTONOMY
dc.subjectFISCAL CENTRALIZATION
dc.subjectFOOD PROCESSING
dc.subjectFREIGHT
dc.subjectGOOD TRANSPORT
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHIGHWAY
dc.subjectHIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectHIGHWAYS
dc.subjectHOUSING
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL LOCATION
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL PARKS
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS
dc.subjectLABOR COSTS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLAND DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectLAND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
dc.subjectLAND MARKETS
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectLARGE CITIES
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectMEGA CITIES
dc.subjectMEGACITIES
dc.subjectMETROPOLITAN AREAS
dc.subjectMETROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMOTOR VEHICLES
dc.subjectNEIGHBORHOODS
dc.subjectNOISE
dc.subjectNOISE POLLUTION
dc.subjectPOOR AIR QUALITY
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROVISION OF SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC WORKS
dc.subjectQUALITY OF LIFE
dc.subjectQUALITY OF URBAN LIFE
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAIL TRANSIT
dc.subjectREVENUE SOURCES
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROAD QUALITY
dc.subjectROADS
dc.subjectSATELLITE TOWNS
dc.subjectSECURITY SERVICES
dc.subjectSERVICE CENTERS
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVISION
dc.subjectSERVICE SECTOR
dc.subjectSEWAGE
dc.subjectSEWERAGE
dc.subjectSINKING FUNDS
dc.subjectSUBURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectSUBURBS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTOLL
dc.subjectTOLL ROADS
dc.subjectTOWNS
dc.subjectTRAFFIC
dc.subjectTRAFFIC ACCIDENTS
dc.subjectTRAFFIC CONGESTION
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT EQUIPMENT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SERVICES
dc.subjectTRUE
dc.subjectURBAN
dc.subjectURBAN AGGLOMERATION
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN BIAS
dc.subjectURBAN CENTERS
dc.subjectURBAN CONCENTRATION
dc.subjectURBAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectURBAN ECONOMICS
dc.subjectURBAN GROWTH
dc.subjectURBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectURBAN INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectURBAN LAND
dc.subjectURBAN LIFE
dc.subjectURBAN PLANNING
dc.subjectURBAN POPULATION
dc.subjectURBAN PUBLIC FINANCE
dc.subjectURBAN RESIDENTS
dc.subjectURBAN SPRAWL
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectURBANIZATION PROCESS
dc.subjectUTILITIES
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWASTE DISPOSAL
dc.subjectWATER POLLUTION
dc.titleUrbanization in Developing Countriesen
dc.typeJournal Articleen
dc.typeArticle de journalfr
dc.typeArtículo de revistaes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2013-04-17
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-06T11:30:59.802688Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Journal Article
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Journal Article
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/01/17592025/urbanization-developing-countries
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.guid743171468151775418
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000356161_20130417153656
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum17592025
okr.identifier.report76668
okr.journal.nbpages89-112
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/04/17/000356161_20130417153656/Rendered/PDF/766680JRN0WBRO00Box374385B00PUBLIC0.pdfen
okr.peerreviewAcademic Peer Review
okr.topicNational Urban Development Policies and Strategies
okr.topicCommunities and Human Settlements::Urban Housing and Land Settlements
okr.topicBanks and Banking Reform
okr.topicTransport Economics Policy and Planning
okr.topicUrban Development::City Development Strategies
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development
okr.topicTransport
okr.unitOff of Sr VP Dev Econ/Chief Econ (DECVP)
okr.volume17(1)
relation.isJournalIssueOfPublication069e38e0-b577-44c5-9c7d-6d3507d522d6
relation.isJournalIssueOfPublication.latestForDiscovery069e38e0-b577-44c5-9c7d-6d3507d522d6
relation.isJournalOfPublication9e5fbe82-492f-4142-8378-17d50245d9de
relation.isJournalVolumeOfPublicationf7c11983-08ef-4e41-95f9-e71417583f7f
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