Publication:
Croatia Energy Sector Note

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Files in English
English PDF (2.74 MB)
366 downloads
English Text (111.89 KB)
27 downloads
Published
2018-09
ISSN
Date
2019-03-07
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
Croatia joined the European Union (EU) in 2013, and the energy sector has been undergoing liberalization, deregulation, and unbundling of state-owned energy utilities. Croatia haswelcomed a number of new public and private energy companies. The Croatian power exchange was established in 2014 and commenced operation in 2016 as a platform for electricity trade. This report reviews energy intensity (EI) and energy efficiency (EE) status in Croatia.
Link to Data Set
Citation
World Bank. 2018. Croatia Energy Sector Note. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31352 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Digital Object Identifier
Associated URLs
Associated content
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    Islamic Republic of Iran : Power Sector Note
    (Washington, DC, 2007-01-09) World Bank
    Over the past decade, the Iranian electricity sector's ability to supply reliable service has come under increasing pressure. This is evidenced by more frequent gas supply constraints to generation plants, high levels of debt and increasing losses in the network. The key roots of the problems in the sector are the under-pricing of natural gas which fuels the majority of the power generation, and the low retail electricity tariffs which lead to high per capita consumption of electricity and thus large investment requirements in new generation capacity to keep up with the demand. The Government of Iran is aware of the challenges and is pursuing a number of reforms to improve the performance of the sector, including private sector participation in the generation of electricity and implementation of a power pool with a view of developing a competitive market. While these reforms will eventually contribute towards a more sustainable sector, their implementation and success will require tackling the under-pricing of natural gas and electricity. Without tackling these issues, the impact of reform efforts will remain limited and to some extent academic, and run the risk of increasing the Government's fiscal exposure as under-writer of the policies and transactions in the sector. This Note reviews some key challenges in the sector and highlights their strategic implications. The Note also provides some suggested next steps in the form of a "road-map" to address these issues.
  • Publication
    Islamic Republic of Iran : Power Sector Note
    (Washington, DC, 2007-01-09) World Bank
    Over the past decade, the Iranian electricity sector's ability to supply reliable service has come under increasing pressure. This is evidenced by more frequent gas supply constraints to generation plants, high levels of debt and increasing losses in the network. The key roots of the problems in the sector are the under-pricing of natural gas which fuels the majority of the power generation, and the low retail electricity tariffs which lead to high per capita consumption of electricity and thus large investment requirements in new generation capacity to keep up with the demand. The Government of Iran is aware of the challenges and is pursuing a number of reforms to improve the performance of the sector, including private sector participation in the generation of electricity and implementation of a power pool with a view of developing a competitive market. While these reforms will eventually contribute towards a more sustainable sector, their implementation and success will require tackling the under-pricing of natural gas and electricity. Without tackling these issues, the impact of reform efforts will remain limited and to some extent academic, and run the risk of increasing the Government's fiscal exposure as under-writer of the policies and transactions in the sector. This Note reviews some key challenges in the sector and highlights their strategic implications. The Note also provides some suggested next steps in the form of a "road-map" to address these issues.
  • Publication
    Latin America and the Caribbean Region Energy Sector : Retrospective Review and Challenges
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2009-06) Byer, Trevor; Crousillat, Enrique; Dussan, Manuel
    During the 90s, most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean Region (LCR) supported by the World Bank, implemented a market-oriented reform in the energy sector to promote competition, economic regulation and greater private sector participation, as the main instruments to improve the quality, reliability and efficiency of energy services, and improve the government's fiscal position and increase affordable access to modern energy services for the poor. This report comprises an assessment of the energy sector reform in the region: its achievements, difficulties, lessons learnt and current status; an assessment of the future needs of the energy sector investment and financing requirements, constraints, and challenges; and a review of the role of development agencies in supporting the region's energy needs. The study is not a systematic analysis of the reform experience and needs of individual countries, which is not deemed necessary to define an energy strategy for the region, but rather an analysis of the main themes that are common to most countries, with reference to specific cases of individual countries, based on a review of the documentation available on the reform, and on current energy plans. The power sector reform in the region had a substantial positive fiscal impact. During the past 15 years, private investment in electricity in LCR amounted to about US$103 bn, about 60 percent in divestiture of public assets, and 40 percent in green-field projects. Investments in divestiture peaked at about US$21 bn at the time of the privatization of major distribution assets in Brazil, and almost vanished by 2002. Investments in green-field projects have been more stable during the past 10 years.
  • Publication
    Uzbekistan : Energy/Power Sector Issues Note
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2013-06) Kochnakyan, Artur; Khosla, Sunil Kumar; Buranov, Iskander; Hofer, Kathrin; Hankinson, Denzel; Finn, Joshua
    This note focuses on the energy and power sector in Uzbekistan with the purpose of identifying some of the key issues faced by the sector and outlining potential solutions. In particular, the note aims to inform the Government thinking by providing input on priorities in the sector. The note also outlines potential solutions the Government may want to consider to address the identified challenges in the short and longer time and highlights the areas where the Government can start acting immediately. The analysis is based on the information and data provided by the Government during preparation of the Bank's investment lending operations, other analytical work as well as data/information collected from public sources. The note is structured as follows: section one discusses the importance of the energy sector to the economy and provides an overview of the sector. Section two provides a more detailed overview of the power sector. Section three identifies the principal challenges in the power sector. Section four proposes potential solutions to address these challenges. Finally, section five outlines a potential role for the World Bank in supporting the Government to address power sector challenges.
  • Publication
    Syrian Arab Republic Electricity Sector Strategy Note
    (Washington, DC, 2009-08-15) World Bank
    This electricity sector strategy note was prepared by the World Bank, at the request of the Government of Syria. It identifies options for the Government to improve the financial and technical performance of the electricity sector. The note focuses in particular on the following major sector objectives: a) increasing the efficiency of the electric power sector, including by reducing large technical and commercial losses now standing at 27 percent of demand; b) reducing the growing gap between demand and supply of electricity through capacity expansion, thus enhancing security of electricity supply and reducing power outages; c) increasing security of supply further in an environmentally sustainable manner by developing vigorous energy efficiency and renewable energy programs; d) encouraging regional energy integration through a series of targeted investments in electric power and natural gas; e) attracting private sector investment into generation capacity expansion, including in renewable energy, through independent power producers; and f) making the electricity sector financially viable and coordinating natural gas production plans with electricity generation requirements.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    Job Displacement and Reallocation Failure
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2023-01) Alfani, Federica; Molini, Vasco; Pallante, Giacomo; Palma, Alessandro
    This paper investigates the effects of severe drought shocks in Morocco’s agriculture sector. Using a staggered difference-in-differences design, the estimates show that climatic shocks produced job displacement of about 6.5 percentage points for workers who were exposed to severe drought events. Overall, about 45 percent of these workers remained unemployed, generating a partial reallocation failure. The effects are significant only for severe and extreme shocks; they last for at least five years, and are more pronounced among females and the least educated workers.
  • Publication
    The Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic for Children in Kenya
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-04) Cameron, Emma; Delius, Antonia; Devercelli, Amanda; Pape, Utz; Siewers, Samuel
    Based on survey data for more than 5,000 Kenyan households, this study shows that, despite government efforts to introduce remote learning options, access to education declined markedly during a nine-month-long period of school closures. Remote learning was adopted by only a small minority of students, and disadvantaged children fell further behind. During the first semester of 2021, reports of alterations in children’s externalizing and internalizing behavior more than tripled, with one in five children being affected by June 2021. After schools reopened, children learning remotely or through alternative means were more likely to suffer from these disruptions in emotional well-being than those who returned to school. While the medium- and long-term effects on learning outcomes and human capital remain unknown, the findings suggest that girls and children from poorer and less educated households have been disproportionately affected.
  • Publication
    Job Tenure and Structural Change in the Transition Economies of Europe
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-10) Oviedo, Nicolás; Bussolo, Maurizio; Lokshin, Michael M.; Torre, Iván
    This paper uses labor force survey data for 1995–2020 to analyze the dynamics of job tenure in seven transition economies of Europe and a comparator country (Türkiye). The country-specific age-period-cohort decomposition demonstrates that, except in Albania, the job tenure of the cohort of workers entering the labor market in the 2000s is four to nine years shorter than that of workers who started working in the 1970s. This difference is at least twice as large as the difference in job tenure observed among workers from the same cohorts in European Union countries. These trends in tenure persist after accounting for changes in cohort composition, but they are significantly attenuated by controlling for differences in individual worker characteristics. These results suggest that the evolution of tenure in the transition economies of Europe is still driven mainly by the transition-induced structural change processes in the labor market.
  • Publication
    FY 2025 China Country Opinion Survey Report
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-08-04) World Bank
    The Country Opinion Survey in China assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in China perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in China on 1) their views regarding the general environment in China; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in China; 3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in China; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in China.
  • Publication
    Digital Africa
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-03-13) Begazo, Tania; Dutz, Mark Andrew; Blimpo, Moussa
    All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. "Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs" shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing, digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, it can support not only countries’ short-term objective of postpandemic economic recovery but also their vision of economic transformation with more inclusive growth. These outcomes are not automatic, however. Mobile internet availability has increased throughout the continent in recent years, but Africa’s uptake gap is the highest in the world. Areas with at least 3G mobile internet service now cover 84 percent of Africa’s population, but only 22 percent uses such services. And the average African business lags in the use of smartphones and computers as well as more sophisticated digital technologies that catalyze further productivity gains. Two issues explain the usage gap: affordability of these new technologies and willingness to use them. For the 40 percent of Africans below the extreme poverty line, mobile data plans alone would cost one-third of their incomes—in addition to the price of access devices, apps, and electricity. Data plans for small- and medium-size businesses are also more expensive than in other regions. Moreover, shortcomings in the quality of internet services—and in the supply of attractive, skills-appropriate apps that promote entrepreneurship and raise earnings—dampen people’s willingness to use them. For those countries already using these technologies, the development payoffs are significant. New empirical studies for this report add to the rapidly growing evidence that mobile internet availability directly raises enterprise productivity, increases jobs, and reduces poverty throughout Africa. To realize these and other benefits more widely, Africa’s countries must implement complementary and mutually reinforcing policies to strengthen both consumers’ ability to pay and willingness to use digital technologies. These interventions must prioritize productive use to generate large numbers of inclusive jobs in a region poised to benefit from a massive, youthful workforce—one projected to become the world’s largest by the end of this century.