Publication: WBG Support for Tourism Clients and Destinations During the COVID-19 Crisis
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Date
2020-03-20
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2020-03-20
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WBG support for tourism clients and destinations during the COVID-19 crisis in the form of planning and communication, reducing tax burdens, contamination support, generating alternative revenues, minimizing revenue loss, redeploying assets, and other.
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“World Bank Group. 2020. WBG Support for Tourism Clients and Destinations During the COVID-19 Crisis. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/33480 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
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Belarus has weathered the crisis so far better than most of its neighbors, in part due to the government policies to boost domestic demand in a predominantly state-owned and controlled economy. This was achieved at a considerable macroeconomic cost. The country's ability to sustain possible future shocks declined, and macroeconomic risks increased. The crisis has further exposed risks associated with the Government of Belarus (GOB) practice of heavy reliance on administratively set targets for large and medium-size enterprises, especially targets for output and average wage growth.Publication Effectiveness of Government Support for the Private Sector during the COVID-19 Crisis(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-03)This paper estimates the effectiveness of government support to the private sector during the COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador and Georgia using firm-level data collected before and during the pandemic. The two countries are selected because eligibility criteria for support involved pre-pandemic features of firms, as opposed to more prevalent criteria directly linked to firms’ experiences during the pandemic and that greatly exacerbate concerns about selection bias in estimation. Four outcome variables are studied relating to firms’ workforce, hours of operations, and expectations. Matching and panel estimation techniques are used on full and restricted samples, with the latter aimed at reducing selection bias. Government support appears to have helped firms avoid a reduction in operations in El Salvador, mainly through cash transfers, which also helped in terms of permanent workers, with the latter effect counteracted by wage subsidies. Smaller firms in Georgia appear to have benefited more from government support, mostly through fiscal relief, which was partially counteracted by wage subsidies that benefited larger firms more. 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