Publication:
Malaria Booster Program for Africa : Gaining Ground against a Major Challenge to Health and Development

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Files in English
English PDF (419.71 KB)
258 downloads
English Text (17.63 KB)
25 downloads
Date
2008-02
ISSN
Published
2008-02
Editor(s)
Abstract
Malaria is a treatable and preventable disease yet it remains a major challenge to achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Africa. It is not only a serious health problem, but an issue that cripples development. Every year, malaria infects more than 500 million people around the world and is one of the leading causes of child deaths on in Africa, with 3,000 children dying from it every day. It is estimated that malaria costs Africa $12 billion a year in direct costs and lost productivity. The key features of the Booster Program are the following: (i) support for country-led operations to reduce illnesses and avoidable deaths from malaria while improving the capacity for service delivery; (ii) emphasis on both effective scale-up of critical disease control interventions and the strengthening of health systems; (iii) partnerships to broker global agreements and support country led programs; (iv) monitoring results against monies spent; and v) knowledge generation and innovations to finance global public goods for malaria control. Due in part to the efforts of the Booster Program, countries and regions are closing gaps in their health systems and employing springboard for the ultimate goal of eradicating malaria.
Link to Data Set
Citation
Qamruddin, Jumana; Constantinou, Nansia. 2008. Malaria Booster Program for Africa : Gaining Ground against a Major Challenge to Health and Development. Africa Region Findings & Good Practice Infobriefs; No. 287. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9535 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Associated URLs
Associated content
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    Intensifying the Fight Against Malaria : The World Bank's Booster Program for Malaria Control in Africa
    (Washington, DC : World Bank, 2009) World Bank
    This document describes the purpose and context of the Booster Program, its first three years of operation and the proposed design of phase two of the program. Phase two seeks to build on the successes of and lessons learned from phase one and to enable the World Bank to play its expected role in scaling up and sustaining malaria control interventions to reach the new ambitious but achievable global goal set by the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Partnership, of eliminating malaria as a major public health problem in Africa by 2015. The Bank has subscribed fully to this agenda, as illustrated by statements made by senior management in several public forums.
  • Publication
    Impact of Malaria Control on the Demand for ACTs
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008-06) Laxminarayan, Ramanan; Klein, Eili; Smith, David
    As planning for malaria shifts from control to elimination and eventual eradication, policymakers are faced with decisions about resource allocation, and best approaches for financing malaria control interventions. At the operational level, these decisions will determine the relative emphasis on different tools such as insecticide treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS) and artemisinin-based combinations (ACTs) in various local settings. At a global level, these decisions will guide the appropriate role of global financing mechanisms such as the Affordable Medicines Facility for Malaria (AMFm) in the malaria elimination effort. Previous papers have separately examined the cost-effectiveness of individual tools like IRS and ITNs and financing mechanisms such as the AMFm. Here we look at the cost-effectiveness of AMFm at different transmission intensities and levels of malaria control. We find that deaths averted as a result of AMFm are maximized when other control measures such as ITNs are simultaneously applied. Although policymakers have to tradeoff between investments in AMFm and malaria prevention tools, our results indicate strong synergies that get stronger as malaria control is amplified.
  • Publication
    The Roll Back Malaria Partnership : Defining the role of the World Bank
    (Washington, DC, 1999-10) World Bank
    Malaria kills over one million people and causes 300-500 million episodes of illness each year. The majority of the 3,000 deaths each day and ten new cases every second occur in Africa. The disease not only takes a high human toll; it also impedes development. Malaria has economic impacts through labor efficiency and land use; adversely affects school attendance, performance and cognitive ability; and translates in monetary costs in terms of expenditures by households and the public health sector. The poor are affected most, as they have less access to services, information and protective measures (e.g. nets, screens, prophylaxis), and have less power to avoid living or working within malaria-affected areas. Malaria is on the rise. While efforts to control malaria in the past fifty years have achieved a decline in malaria mortality and morbidity in some regions, the gains have often not been sustained (e.g. Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Central Asia). Emerging drug and pesticide resistances threaten to reduce the availability of effective and affordable prevention and treatment of malaria. Recent epidemics indicate a resurgence of the disease in previously low-risk areas (e.g. the highlands of Kenya), and climate changes are expected to lead to further changes in intensity of transmission. While there is no magic bullet for malaria, a range of cost-effective interventions exists, namely antimalarials for treatment, prophylaxis, insecticide treated materials and residual spraying with insecticide. New tools are available and are continually being developed, such as treatment for severe malaria, rapid diagnostic tests, and combination drug therapy to prevent resistance. As access to prevention, diagnosis and treatment are essential to reducing the burden; malaria can only be effectively controlled within the context of broader health sector development. The main strategies for addressing malaria are timely care-seeking, diagnosis and effective treatment, the use of prophylaxis during pregnancy, and the use of insecticide-treated bednets and materials.
  • Publication
    Rolling Back Malaria : The World Bank Global Strategy and Booster Program
    (Washington, DC, 2005) World Bank
    This report translates the Bank's corporate commitment into increased efforts to control malaria. It lays the basis for a Booster Program for Malaria Control, through which the Bank will make an important contribution to malaria control in the years ahead. This effort will be undertaken in support of country-led programs, and in partnership with community service organizations, specialized agencies, and financiers of malaria control at all levels. Consistent with the new Global Strategic Plan of the Roll Back Malaria Partnership, the Bank's work will combine measures to increase coverage of malaria-specific interventions with effective service delivery, broader health-system development, and capacity building across multiple sectors. The new business model combines an emphasis on outcomes with flexibility in approaches. Products and services related to malaria control will be tailored to client segments, in order to meet the needs of countries, and deploy the Bank's comparative advantages, while strengthening collaboration with partner agencies, co-financiers, and civil society. In the short to medium term, the new Booster Program for Malaria Control will provide increased financing, and technical support to accelerate program design and implementation, increase coverage, and improve outcomes rapidly. Henceforth, malaria control will be mainstreamed into the Poverty Reduction Strategies, and large sector-development programs that emphasize outcomes.
  • Publication
    Impregnated Nets Cannot Fully Substitute for DDT : Field Effectiveness of Malaria Prevention in Solomon Islands
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2003-05) Over, Mead; Bakote'e, Bernard; Velayudhan, Raman; Wilikai, Peter; Graves, Patricia M.
    The incidence of malaria in Solomon Islands has been declining since 1992, but there is a large geographical variation between areas in the incidence level and the rate of decline. The authors used a mix of control interventions, including DDT residual house spraying and insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Data on monthly incidence and control activities performed from January 1993 to August 1999 were gathered for 41 out of the 110 malaria zones in the country. Monthly reports on the number of fevers seen at outpatient health clinics in the same zones over the same period were also extracted from the clinical health information system. The authors used multivariate random effects regression, including calendar month as an instrumental variable, to investigate the relationship between the number of malaria or fever cases and the control measures applied by month and zone, while adjusting for rainfall and proximity to water. The results showed that DDT house spraying, insecticide treatment of nets, and education about malaria were all independently associated with reduction in incident cases of malaria or fever, while larviciding with temephos was not. This was true for confirmed malaria cases even when a variable representing the passage of time was included in the models. The results show how much each method used was contributing to malaria control in Solomon Islands and how it can be used to design the most cost-effective package of interventions. The evidence suggests that impregnated bednets cannot easily replace DDT spraying without substantial increase in incidence, but impregnated nets do permit a substantial reduction in the amount of DDT spraying.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    Guide to the Debt Management Performance Assessment Tool
    (Washington, DC, 2008-02-05) World Bank
    The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and supplemental information to assist with country assessments of debt management performance, using the Debt Management Performance Assessment (DeMPA) tool. The DeMPA is a methodology used for assessing public debt management performance through a comprehensive set of 15 performance indicators spanning the full range of government Debt Management (DeM) functions. It is based on the principles set out in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank guidelines for public debt management, initially published in 2001 and updated in 2003. It is modeled after the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) framework for performance measurement of public financial management. The DeMPA has been designed to be a user-friendly tool to undertake an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in government DeM practices. This guide provides additional background and supporting information so that a no specialist in the area of debt management may undertake a country assessment effectively. The guide can be used by assessors in preparing for and undertaking an assessment. It is particularly useful for understanding the rationale for the inclusion of the indicators, the scoring methodology, and the list of supporting documents or evidence required, and the questions that could be asked for the assessment.
  • Publication
    Crime and Violence in Central America : A Development Challenge - Main Report
    (World Bank, 2011-01-01) World Bank
    Crime and violence are now a key development issue for Central American countries. In three nations El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras crime rates are among the top five in Latin America. This report argues that successful strategies require actions along multiple fronts, combining prevention and criminal justice reform, together with regional approaches in the areas of drug trafficking and firearms. It also argues that interventions should be evidence based, starting with a clear understanding of the risk factors involved and ending with a careful evaluation of how any planned action might affect future options. In addition, the design of national crime reduction plans and the establishment of national cross-sectoral crime commissions are important steps to coordinate the actions of different government branches, ease cross-sectoral collaboration and prioritize resource allocation. Of equal importance is the fact that national plans offer a vehicle for the involvement of civil society organizations, in which much of the expertise in violence prevention and rehabilitation resides. Prevention efforts need to be complemented by effective law enforcement. The required reforms are no longer primarily legislative in nature because all six countries have advanced toward more transparent adversarial criminal procedures. The second-generation reforms should instead help deliver on the promises of previous reforms by: (i) strengthening key institutions and improving the quality and timeliness of the services they provide to citizens; (ii) improving efficiency and effectiveness while respecting due process and human rights; (iii) ensuring accountability and addressing corruption; (iv) increasing inter-agency collaboration; and (v) improving access to justice, especially for poor and disenfranchised groups. Specific interventions reviewed in the report include: information systems and performance indicators as a prerequisite to improve inter-institutional coordination and information sharing mechanisms; an internal overhaul of court administration and case management to create rapid reaction, one-stop shops; the strengthening of entities that provide legal counseling to the poor and to women; and the promotion of alternative dispute-resolution mechanisms and the implementation of community policing programs.
  • Publication
    Argentina Country Climate and Development Report
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-11) World Bank Group
    The Argentina Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) explores opportunities and identifies trade-offs for aligning Argentina’s growth and poverty reduction policies with its commitments on, and its ability to withstand, climate change. It assesses how the country can: reduce its vulnerability to climate shocks through targeted public and private investments and adequation of social protection. The report also shows how Argentina can seize the benefits of a global decarbonization path to sustain a more robust economic growth through further development of Argentina’s potential for renewable energy, energy efficiency actions, the lithium value chain, as well as climate-smart agriculture (and land use) options. Given Argentina’s context, this CCDR focuses on win-win policies and investments, which have large co-benefits or can contribute to raising the country’s growth while helping to adapt the economy, also considering how human capital actions can accompany a just transition.
  • Publication
    The Mexican Social Protection System in Health
    (World Bank, Washington DC, 2013-01) Bonilla-Chacín, M.E.; Aguilera, Nelly
    With a population of 113 million and a per-capita Gross Domestic Product, or GDP of US$10,064 (current U.S. dollars), Mexico is one of the largest and highest-income countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The country has benefited from sustained economic growth during the last decade, which was temporarily interrupted by the financial and economic crisis. Real GDP is projected to grow 3.8 percent and 3.6 percent in 2012 and 2013, respectively (International Monetary Fund, or IMF 2012). Despite this growth, poverty in the country remains high; with half of the population living below the national poverty line. The country is also highly heterogeneous, with large socioeconomic differences across states and across urban and rural areas. In 2010, while the extreme poverty ratio in the Federal District and the states of Colima and Nuevo Leon was below 3 percent, in Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca it was 25 percent or higher. These large regional differences are also found in other indicators of well-being, such as years of schooling, housing conditions, and access to social services. This case study assesses key features and achievements of the Social Protection System in Health (Sistema de Proteccion Social en Salud) in Mexico, and particularly of its main pillar, Popular Health Insurance (Seguro Popular, PHI). It analyzes the contribution of this policy to the establishment and implementation of universal health coverage in Mexico. In 2003, with the reform of the General Health Law, the PHI was institutionalized as a subsidized health insurance scheme open to the population not covered by the social security schemes. Today, the PHI covers all of its intended affiliates, about 52 million people
  • Publication
    Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21) Luna-Bazaldua, Diego; Levin, Victoria; Liberman, Julia; Gala, Priyal Mukesh
    This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.