Publication: Variable Renewable Energy Locational Study
Loading...
Files in English
1,521 downloads
165 downloads
258 downloads
809 downloads
232 downloads
Date
2021-02
ISSN
Published
2021-02
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify the most suitable zones for solar and wind power development in Pakistan. The study was carried out by a team of expert consultants over a period of 18 months in collaboration with all the key federal organizations in power system planning, led by the National Transmission and Despatch Company (NTDC) as the primary technical counterpart, with the findings reported to the Ministry of Energy (Power Division). This study confirms that Pakistan has excellent resources for economically viable solar power and wind power generation, both of which are mostly untapped so far. Especially noteworthy is the huge potential in western Balochistan for both solar and wind power, which will require significant grid infrastructure investments to be exploited. Further excellent areas with large solar potential are to be found in Sindh and southern Punjab, and the wind corridors in southern Sindh around Jhimpir and Gharo still have more potential than what has been developed so far.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank. 2021. Variable Renewable Energy Locational Study. Pakistan Sustainable Energy Series;. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35113 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Operating and Planning Electricity Grids with Variable Renewable Generation : Review of Emerging Lessons from Selected Operational Experiences and Desktop Studies(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013-02-27)The development of wind-and solar-generating capacity is growing rapidly around the world as policy makers pursue various energy policy objectives. This paper will describe the challenges in integrating wind and solar generation, the lessons learned, and recommended strategies from both operating experience and integration studies. Case studies on the experience with wind and solar integration in China, Germany, and Spain are also included in this paper. The paper is organized as follows. First section summarizes worldwide wind and solar development, the challenges in integrating wind and solar generation, and some of the lessons learned from studies designed to evaluate the impact of higher levels of wind and solar generation and also from the operational experience in some countries with larger amounts of renewable energy. The second section summarizes some of the solutions for incorporating higher levels of wind and solar capacity into short-term system operations. This section also explains basic methodologies to implement system operations studies to understand the impacts of variability in system operation. The third section explains the contribution of variable renewables to long-term supply adequacy-commonly called 'firm' power-and the relationship of this to long-term reserves; it also explores how these issues can be incorporated into long-term planning or adequacy assessments. Overall, the variability of wind power generation adds to the variability on the grid in most time scales, and a key question that wind integration studies must address is whether there is enough existing capability on the grid to manage that increased variability, or whether new sources, such as new generation or increased levels of demand response, must be added to manage that variability.Publication Toolkit on the Appraisal of Small Renewable Energy Projects : Tanzania Case Study(Washington, DC, 2012-07)Following this introductory chapter, chapter two continues with a general description of the regulatory, institutional, and policy environment for Renewable Energy (RE) in Tanzania. The chapter describes the main existing institutional arrangements in place and shows that the country's legal framework is conducive to private sector RE initiatives. Chapter three discusses the fundamentals of project finance, the basic components of financial analysis, and common due diligence factors concerning RE investments. This discussion provides a framework for a better understanding of RE financing, which from a banker's point of view requires a different approach than the more traditional balance sheet-focused financing. Chapters 4 through 8 go over each of the most common RE technologies: chapter four: Hydropower; chapter five: biomass; chapter six: biogas; chapter seven: solar PV; and chapter eight: wind. Each of the chapters discusses both the basic technical and financial aspects of the technologies. Each chapter will provide the reader with a basic understanding of the technology in question and the associated financial challenges. In the chapters on hydropower (chapter four) and biomass (chapter five), a financial 'back-of-the-envelope' model is included as well.Publication A Guide to Operational Impact Analysis of Variable Renewables : Application to the Philippines(Washington, DC, 2013-05)This document serves as a guide for those wishing to investigate the impacts of variable renewable energy (VRE) on the operation of power systems, particularly in the Philippines. The work was commissioned by the World Bank in 2011 to enhance the understanding of power system operation issues most affected by the integration of VRE, based on international experience. The objective is to build capacity in the Philippines for determining the important issues for the national grid and to enable the Philippines to design, carry out, and interpret the results of appropriate and effective studies. The approaches presented in this guide are based on state-of-the-art international practices, adapted to suit local conditions in the Philippines. The guide was developed through a survey of international VRE integration studies, charting the relevance to the Philippines of key elements such as the physical structure of the power system, the energy mix, expected level of VRE penetration, market structure, and operation practices and standards. The study guide shows how to estimate the amount of VRE that can be integrated into the power system if no changes are made to its present configuration; however, more important, it shows how to determine the potential operational impacts if a certain percentage of renewable energy resources are to be integrated. The main modeling approaches, data requirements, and scenarios that need to be analyzed to assess different types of impacts are described, and are supported by summaries of relevant international experience and key reference studies.Publication Integrating Variable Renewable Energy into Power System Operations(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-01)Wind and solar energy is a fast-growing share of the global energy mix. But integrating them into power-system operations requires significant adaptations to compensate for their variability. Solutions include increasing the amount of flexible generation within the system, combining, and dispersing variable resources to smooth aggregate output, expanding the transmission network, using smart technology to control supply and demand, and storing electricity.Publication Variable Renewable Energy Competitive Bidding Study(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-04-28)This study was commissioned to support the government of Pakistan, the provincial energy departments, and the electricity regulator in the implementation of competitive bidding for the procurement and development of all future variable renewable energy (VRE) capacity in the country. The decision was taken in 2017 to move from a “cost-plus” tariff-setting regime for future solar and wind power capacity to one based on the principles of competitive bidding, following international trends and the very positive results seen in terms of steep cost reductions in other countries. In many locations, these cost reductions have led to solar and wind becoming the “least-cost” form of power generation, although this has already been achieved in Pakistan through gradual declines in the tariff awarded on a cost-plus basis to solar and wind projects by NEPRA, the electricity regulator. The report is structured as follows: Section 2 outlines key background issues of relevance to competitive bidding mechanisms for RE in Pakistan; Section considers potential arrangements for deployment of competitive bidding; Section 4 analyzes tender governance processes; Section 5 examines detailed arrangements for the design of competitive bidding; Section 6 evaluates implementation arrangements; Section 7 considers the impact of the forthcoming Competitive Trading Bilateral Contract Market (CTBCM) on renewable energy (RE) competitive bidding mechanisms; Section 8 reviews information technology needs; Section 9 considers communications and marketing strategies; and Section 10 reviews the potential for introducing local content arrangements.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Media and Messages for Nutrition and Health(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06)The Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) has experienced rapid and significant economic growth over the past decade. However, poor nutritional outcomes remain a concern. Rates of childhood undernutrition are particularly high in remote, rural, and upland areas. Media have the potential to play an important role in shaping health and nutrition–related behaviors and practices as well as in promoting sociocultural and economic development that might contribute to improved nutritional outcomes. This report presents the results of a media audit (MA) that was conducted to inform the development and production of mass media advocacy and communication strategies and materials with a focus on maternal and child health and nutrition that would reach the most people from the poorest communities in northern Lao PDR. Making more people aware of useful information, essential services and products and influencing them to use these effectively is the ultimate goal of mass media campaigns, and the MA measures the potential effectiveness of media efforts to reach this goal. The effectiveness of communication channels to deliver health and nutrition messages to target beneficiaries to ensure maximum reach and uptake can be viewed in terms of preferences, satisfaction, and trust. Overall, the four most accessed media channels for receiving information among communities in the study areas were village announcements, mobile phones, television, and out-of-home (OOH) media. Of the accessed media channels, the top three most preferred channels were village announcements (40 percent), television (26 percent), and mobile phones (19 percent). In terms of trust, village announcements were the most trusted source of information (64 percent), followed by mobile phones (14 percent) and television (11 percent). Hence of all the media channels, village announcements are the most preferred, have the most satisfied users, and are the most trusted source of information in study communities from four provinces in Lao PDR with some of the highest burden of childhood undernutrition.Publication Economic Recovery(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-04-06)World Bank Group President David Malpass spoke about the world facing major challenges, including COVID, climate change, rising poverty and inequality and growing fragility and violence in many countries. He highlighted vaccines, working closely with Gavi, WHO, and UNICEF, the World Bank has conducted over one hundred capacity assessments, many even more before vaccines were available. The World Bank Group worked to achieve a debt service suspension initiative and increased transparency in debt contracts at developing countries. The World Bank Group is finalizing a new climate change action plan, which includes a big step up in financing, building on their record climate financing over the past two years. He noted big challenges to bring all together to achieve GRID: green, resilient, and inclusive development. Janet Yellen, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, mentioned focusing on vulnerable people during the pandemic. Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, focused on giving everyone a fair shot during a sustainable recovery. All three commented on the importance of tackling climate change.Publication Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Fall 2024: Better Education for Stronger Growth(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-17)Economic growth in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) is likely to moderate from 3.5 percent in 2023 to 3.3 percent this year. This is significantly weaker than the 4.1 percent average growth in 2000-19. Growth this year is driven by expansionary fiscal policies and strong private consumption. External demand is less favorable because of weak economic expansion in major trading partners, like the European Union. Growth is likely to slow further in 2025, mostly because of the easing of expansion in the Russian Federation and Turkiye. This Europe and Central Asia Economic Update calls for a major overhaul of education systems across the region, particularly higher education, to unleash the talent needed to reinvigorate growth and boost convergence with high-income countries. Universities in the region suffer from poor management, outdated curricula, and inadequate funding and infrastructure. A mismatch between graduates' skills and the skills employers are seeking leads to wasted potential and contributes to the region's brain drain. Reversing the decline in the quality of education will require prioritizing improvements in teacher training, updated curricula, and investment in educational infrastructure. In higher education, reforms are needed to consolidate university systems, integrate them with research centers, and provide reskilling opportunities for adult workers.Publication Remarks at the United Nations Biodiversity Conference(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-10-12)World Bank Group President David Malpass discussed biodiversity and climate change being closely interlinked, with terrestrial and marine ecosystems serving as critically important carbon sinks. At the same time climate change acts as a direct driver of biodiversity and ecosystem services loss. The World Bank has financed biodiversity conservation around the world, including over 116 million hectares of Marine and Coastal Protected Areas, 10 million hectares of Terrestrial Protected Areas, and over 300 protected habitats, biological buffer zones and reserves. The COVID pandemic, biodiversity loss, climate change are all reminders of how connected we are. The recovery from this pandemic is an opportunity to put in place more effective policies, institutions, and resources to address biodiversity loss.Publication South Asia Development Update, April 2024: Jobs for Resilience(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-04-02)South Asia is expected to continue to be the fastest-growing emerging market and developing economy (EMDE) region over the next two years. This is largely thanks to robust growth in India, but growth is also expected to pick up in most other South Asian economies. However, growth in the near-term is more reliant on the public sector than elsewhere, whereas private investment, in particular, continues to be weak. Efforts to rein in elevated debt, borrowing costs, and fiscal deficits may eventually weigh on growth and limit governments' ability to respond to increasingly frequent climate shocks. Yet, the provision of public goods is among the most effective strategies for climate adaptation. This is especially the case for households and farms, which tend to rely on shifting their efforts to non-agricultural jobs. These strategies are less effective forms of climate adaptation, in part because opportunities to move out of agriculture are limited by the region’s below-average employment ratios in the non-agricultural sector and for women. Because employment growth is falling short of working-age population growth, the region fails to fully capitalize on its demographic dividend. Vibrant, competitive firms are key to unlocking the demographic dividend, robust private investment, and workers’ ability to move out of agriculture. A range of policies could spur firm growth, including improved business climates and institutions, the removal of financial sector restrictions, and greater openness to trade and capital flows.