Publication: Ethiopia - Public Finance Review
Loading...
Published
2009-11-01
ISSN
Date
2012-03-19
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
The 2009 Public Finance Review (PFR) has three chapters. The first deals with broad public finance topics such as aggregate fiscal management, efficient allocation of public spending, revenue performance, and trends and usage of external aid. The second chapter deals with how inflation affects the government budget. Inflation has sharply increased the cost of creating and maintaining public infrastructure and delivering public services, however, most people seem to be unaware of its true cost. By estimating the cost of inflation on the budget, the report hopes to raise awareness about debilitating effects of high inflation on development through its effect on the public exchequer. Finally, the third chapter scrutinizes various financing modalities in the rural water supply to find which one has been most effective and sustainable in the Ethiopian context.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank. 2009. Ethiopia - Public Finance Review. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3202 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Ethiopia : Public Finance Review 2010(Washington, DC, 2010-08)Ethiopia Public Finance Review (PFR) is an analytical input to the regular Government-Donor dialogue on public finance and aid effectiveness. It forms the basis for policy focused analyses and sustained dialogue that facilitate close partnership and enhanced mutual accountability between Government and the development partners. The PFR is also an important instrument for determining the level and quality of aid and it fulfills a due diligence requirement for operations like the Protection of Basic Services. The 2010 PFR analyzes the effectiveness of decentralized service delivery in Ethiopia. While the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) has pursued decentralization for the last two decades, neither a comprehensive documentation of the functioning of the system nor a thorough evaluation of its effectiveness is available. This study attempts to fill this gap by linking policy and institutional variables related to decentralization with service delivery outcomes at the sub-national level.Publication Ethiopia : Focusing Public Expenditures on Poverty Reduction, Volume 3. Public Expenditure Review of Oromiya Region(Washington, DC, 2001-12-20)The topics for this review were determined by the Government in consultation with a core group of donors at a workshop in Brussels organized by the European Commission in November 2000. The Government suggested reviewing public expenditures at the regional level, starting with three regions. This public expenditure review (PER) marks the first explicit attempt at Regional PERs. This integrated report draws on draft reports from the January-April 2000 mission as well as from a workshop held in Addis Ababa during September 17-18, 2001. The theme amd the focus topics for this PER emerged out of consultations between the Ethiopian governmentand a core donor group at a workshop in Brussels organized by the European Commission in November 2000. This PER is set on three premises: 1) It is thematically set in the context of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries document; 2) It focuses on getting a better understanding of the budgetary institutions, systems and processes at the regional level; and 3) the PER analysis and recommendations are intended to harmonize with the sequence and pace of the Government of Ethiopia's Expenditure Management and Control Program.Publication Ethiopia Public Expenditure Review : The Emerging Challenge, Volume 2. Medium-term Trends and Recent Developments in Public Spending (including Statistical Annexes)(Washington, DC, 2004-06)This Public Expenditure Review (PER) features the expenditure requirements confronting the government which are enormous; and, the expenditure requirements confronting Ethiopia which are compounded by rapid population growth. The expenditure consequences are significant, because social programs are intensive in their demands on recurrent resources, so the expansions being committed to today, could overwhelm budget obligations in 20 years time, crowding out the capacity to fund other investments for growth. Furthermore, because of the very limited capacity to finance these needs domestically, they will heavily influence foreign aid requirements over the next two decades. Finally, because the cost of these programs fall primarily on the regional and local governments, they imply the need for a major increase in the share of resources transferred to lower level governments. The object of this PER is to put the numbers on the table to inform this debate. Current spending on education, health, population, food security transfers, and water supply is examined, along with an assessment of its adequacy, effectiveness, and absorptive capacity. The PER then projects the costs of alternative coverage targets over the next 20 years, including the costs of reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and examines the implications for financing, and sectoral policy choices. Three cost scenarios are forecast for each sector: a 'business-as-usual' scenario that shows the cost of just keeping up with population growth; an 'Extended (Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper ) PRSP' scenario, that projects the costs of continuing with moderately ambitious targets developed over the past few years; and, finally an 'MDGs Plus' scenario that forecasts the full costs of implementing the most ambitious plans that government is currently proposing in various policy documents. The report comprises two volumes: public spending in the social sectors 2000-2020 (V. 1), and, medium trends and recent developments in public spending (v. 2), that includes statistical annexes.Publication Ethiopia Public Expenditure Review : The Emerging Challenge, Volume 1. Public Spending in the Social Sectors 2000-2020(Washington, DC, 2004-06)This Public Expenditure Review (PER) features the expenditure requirements confronting the government which are enormous; and, the expenditure requirements confronting Ethiopia which are compounded by rapid population growth. The expenditure consequences are significant, because social programs are intensive in their demands on recurrent resources, so the expansions being committed to today, could overwhelm budget obligations in 20 years time, crowding out the capacity to fund other investments for growth. Furthermore, because of the very limited capacity to finance these needs domestically, they will heavily influence foreign aid requirements over the next two decades. Finally, because the cost of these programs fall primarily on the regional and local governments, they imply the need for a major increase in the share of resources transferred to lower level governments. The object of this PER is to put the numbers on the table to inform this debate. Current spending on education, health, population, food security transfers, and water supply is examined, along with an assessment of its adequacy, effectiveness, and absorptive capacity. The PER then projects the costs of alternative coverage targets over the next 20 years, including the costs of reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and examines the implications for financing, and sectoral policy choices. Three cost scenarios are forecast for each sector: a 'business-as-usual' scenario that shows the cost of just keeping up with population growth; an 'Extended (Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper ) PRSP' scenario, that projects the costs of continuing with moderately ambitious targets developed over the past few years; and, finally an 'MDGs Plus' scenario that forecasts the full costs of implementing the most ambitious plans that government is currently proposing in various policy documents. The report comprises two volumes: public spending in the social sectors 2000-2020 (V. 1), and, medium trends and recent developments in public spending (v. 2), that includes statistical annexes.Publication Croatia - Restructuring Public Finance to Sustain Growth and Improve Public Services : A Public Finance Review(Washington, DC, 2008-02)The year 2000 was a turning point in Croatian history, marked by closing the chapter of the war and the first phase of transition. With that, the country turned its attention to the "second transition,"the principle goal of which is to place Croatia on a path to the European Union (EU). While opening the economy to global markets through World Trade Organization (WTO) and CEFTA memberships and reestablishing cooperation with its Southeast European neighbors, the signing of the Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) marked the first firm milestone on Croatia's path to EU. In October 2005, Croatia opened EU accession negotiations, with the screening phase concluded a year after. Benefiting from successful economic transformation and the EU accession negotiations, growth has remained solid, and is roughly on par with the average for the European transition countries. Inflation has been modest despite higher prices for imported oil, and has been kept in check partly due to exchange rate appreciation. In fact, the central bank has intervened to prevent stronger appreciation in the face of robust capital inflows. However, the oil and commodity price increases and the aggregate demand pressures have contributed to a widening of the current account deficit in 2005-2007, despite somewhat tighter fiscal policy. Building on this foundation, the Government has an unparalleled opportunity to place Croatia on a sustainable growth path to achieve better living standards for all and to integrate into EU. To seize this opportunity, Croatia needs to sustain macroeconomic stability and continue creating a better climate for investment. In this context, key priorities for the public sector will include: reducing the size of the state and the fiscal deficit, and thereby helping to increase private sector productivity and competitiveness; and improving public sector efficiency and effectiveness. This report will suggest ways in which these twin priorities may best be addressed.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication World Development Report 2006(Washington, DC, 2005)This year’s Word Development Report (WDR), the twenty-eighth, looks at the role of equity in the development process. It defines equity in terms of two basic principles. The first is equal opportunities: that a person’s chances in life should be determined by his or her talents and efforts, rather than by pre-determined circumstances such as race, gender, social or family background. The second principle is the avoidance of extreme deprivation in outcomes, particularly in health, education and consumption levels. This principle thus includes the objective of poverty reduction. The report’s main message is that, in the long run, the pursuit of equity and the pursuit of economic prosperity are complementary. In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Development Indicators 2005‹an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development.Publication Digital Africa(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-03-13)All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. "Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs" shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing, digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, it can support not only countries’ short-term objective of postpandemic economic recovery but also their vision of economic transformation with more inclusive growth. These outcomes are not automatic, however. Mobile internet availability has increased throughout the continent in recent years, but Africa’s uptake gap is the highest in the world. Areas with at least 3G mobile internet service now cover 84 percent of Africa’s population, but only 22 percent uses such services. And the average African business lags in the use of smartphones and computers as well as more sophisticated digital technologies that catalyze further productivity gains. Two issues explain the usage gap: affordability of these new technologies and willingness to use them. For the 40 percent of Africans below the extreme poverty line, mobile data plans alone would cost one-third of their incomes—in addition to the price of access devices, apps, and electricity. Data plans for small- and medium-size businesses are also more expensive than in other regions. Moreover, shortcomings in the quality of internet services—and in the supply of attractive, skills-appropriate apps that promote entrepreneurship and raise earnings—dampen people’s willingness to use them. For those countries already using these technologies, the development payoffs are significant. New empirical studies for this report add to the rapidly growing evidence that mobile internet availability directly raises enterprise productivity, increases jobs, and reduces poverty throughout Africa. To realize these and other benefits more widely, Africa’s countries must implement complementary and mutually reinforcing policies to strengthen both consumers’ ability to pay and willingness to use digital technologies. These interventions must prioritize productive use to generate large numbers of inclusive jobs in a region poised to benefit from a massive, youthful workforce—one projected to become the world’s largest by the end of this century.Publication Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21)This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.Publication Doing Business 2014 : Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises(Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2013-10-28)Eleventh in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 185 economies, Doing Business 2014 measures regulations affecting 11 areas of everyday business activity: Starting a business, Dealing with construction permits, Getting electricity, Registering property, Getting credit, Protecting investors, Paying taxes, Trading across borders, Enforcing contracts, Closing a business, Employing workers. The report updates all indicators as of June 1, 2013, ranks economies on their overall “ease of doing business”, and analyzes reforms to business regulation – identifying which economies are strengthening their business environment the most. The Doing Business reports illustrate how reforms in business regulations are being used to analyze economic outcomes for domestic entrepreneurs and for the wider economy. Doing Business is a flagship product by the World Bank and IFC that garners worldwide attention on regulatory barriers to entrepreneurship. More than 60 economies use the Doing Business indicators to shape reform agendas and monitor improvements on the ground. In addition, the Doing Business data has generated over 870 articles in peer-reviewed academic journals since its inception.Publication World Development Report 2011(World Bank, 2011)The 2011 World development report looks across disciplines and experiences drawn from around the world to offer some ideas and practical recommendations on how to move beyond conflict and fragility and secure development. The key messages are important for all countries-low, middle, and high income-as well as for regional and global institutions: first, institutional legitimacy is the key to stability. When state institutions do not adequately protect citizens, guard against corruption, or provide access to justice; when markets do not provide job opportunities; or when communities have lost social cohesion-the likelihood of violent conflict increases. Second, investing in citizen security, justice, and jobs is essential to reducing violence. But there are major structural gaps in our collective capabilities to support these areas. Third, confronting this challenge effectively means that institutions need to change. International agencies and partners from other countries must adapt procedures so they can respond with agility and speed, a longer-term perspective, and greater staying power. Fourth, need to adopt a layered approach. Some problems can be addressed at the country level, but others need to be addressed at a regional level, such as developing markets that integrate insecure areas and pooling resources for building capacity Fifth, in adopting these approaches, need to be aware that the global landscape is changing. Regional institutions and middle income countries are playing a larger role. This means should pay more attention to south-south and south-north exchanges, and to the recent transition experiences of middle income countries.