Sector/Thematic Studies
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Economic and Sectoral Work are original analytic reports authored by the World Bank and intended to influence programs and policy in client countries. They convey Bank-endorsed recommendations and represent the formal opinion of a World Bank unit on the topic. This set includes the sectoral and thematic studies which are not Core Diagnostic Studies. Other analytic and advisory activities (AAA), including technical assistance studies, are included in these sectoral/thematic collections.
Sub-collections of this Collection
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Country Gender Assessment -
Recent Economic Development in Infrastructure -
Emerging Technologies -
Energy Study -
Energy-Environment Review -
Equitable Growth, Finance & Institutions Insight -
Debt and Creditworthiness Study -
General Economy, Macroeconomics, and Growth Study -
Legal and Judicial Sector Assessment -
Gender Innovation Lab Federation Causal Evidence Series
Items in this collection
1 - 10 of 64
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Publication
The RISE Framework
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-01-17)The world has witnessed unparalleled economic progress in the last three decades. But success is not preordained, and several headwinds threaten this hard fought progress. Inequality is leaving many people and subgroups behind and excluding them from enjoying the benefits of this great economic expansion. More recently, the world has awakened to the reality of a new type of risk. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) struck at a time when the world was healthier and wealthier than ever before. There is little disagreement over the need to enable a recovery that is fairer, safer, and more sustainable. This report describes how these ambitious objectives can be achieved by providing evidence based tools and information to guide countries to spend better and improve policies. It is in this context that this document presents policy guidance to identify and diagnose key development challenges and develop solutions to help countries build better. -
Publication
Not-So-Magical Realism: A Climate Stress Test of the Colombian Banking System
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-11-01)This report identifies and assesses relevant physical and transition risks with focus on the banking sector. Banks constitute the largest segment of the Colombian financial sector with asset holdings of Colombian peso (Col dollars) 720 trillion (US209 billion dollars or 78 percent of gross domestic product [GDP]) in 2020. This includes both foreign and domestic banks. Some banks are parts of larger conglomerates in which the related entities could be exposed to similar climate-related financial risks, such as foreign banks, insurance companies, and asset managers. Insurance companies and asset managers are, however, not part of this report. The scope of our analysis includes both physical risks (that is, those emanating from weather-related events and gradual changes in climatic conditions) and transition risks (that is, those emanating from decarbonization of the global economy in line with targets in the Paris Agreement). The authors note that we use a broad definition of physical risks, covering both climate-related disaster risks and the effects of climate change on their probability distribution. In the remainder of the report, authors refer to the collection of these risks as climate-related financial risks, or climate-related risks in short. The report also builds on quantitative data from a range of sources to explore the vulnerability of banks in specific scenarios. The report bases its analysis on data provided by the SFC, the Central Bank of Colombia (BR), the National Planning Department (DNP), and the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM), and further desk research. In general, the report focuses on three main channels through which climate-related risks affect Colombian banks’ balance sheet: the effects on credit risk in the loan portfolio, the effects on the market value of government bonds, and the effects on exposures through investments in other financial institutions. These three channels represent the most important asset classes, covering 79 percent of total assets in the Colombian banking sector. However, in some of our quantitative assessments, we limit our scope further owing to data limitations, including investments in related entities and noncorporate loans (the latter only for transition risk). Because data are not available for all potential channels that affect the financial sector, our outcomes can be conservative and lead to an underestimation of the total effect of climate risks on banks. -
Publication
Climate Risk Country Profile: Pakistan
(World Bank, Washington, DC and Asian Development Bank, Manila, 2021-09-24)Pakistan is characterized by diverse topography, ecosystems, and climate zones. Rich in natural resources, including fertile agricultural lands, natural gas reserves, and mineral deposits, Pakistan faces challenges in balancing competing objectives between economic development and environmental protection. This document aims to succinctly summarize the climate risks faced by Pakistan. This includes rapid onset and long-term changes in key climate parameters, as well as impacts of these changes on communities, livelihoods, and economies, many of which are already underway. This is a high-level synthesis of existing research and analyses, focusing on the geographic domain of Pakistan, therefore potentially excluding some international influences and localized impacts. The core data presented is sourced from the database sitting behind the World Bank Group’s (WBG) climate change knowledge portal (CCKP), incorporating climate projections from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). This document is primarily meant for WBG and Asian Development Bank (ADB) staff to inform their climate actions and to direct readers to many useful sources of secondary data and research. -
Publication
Climate Risk Country Profile: Vietnam
(World Bank, Washington, DC and Asian Development Bank, Manila, 2021-09-24)Vietnam is a Southeast Asian nation with an extensive coastline and diverse but generally warm climate including temperate and tropical regions. Given that a high proportion of the country’s population and economic assets are located in coastal lowlands and deltas and rural areas face issues of poverty and deprivation, Vietnam has been ranked among the five countries likely to be most affected by climate change. This document aims to succinctly summarize the climate risks faced by Vietnam. This includes rapid onset and long- term changes in key climate parameters, as well as impacts of these changes on communities, livelihoods and economies, many of which are already underway. Climate change is a major risk to good development outcomes, and the World Bank Group is committed to playing an important role in helping countries integrate climate action into their core development agendas. The World Bank Group (WBG) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) are committed to supporting client countries to invest in and build a low-carbon, climate resilient future, helping them to be better prepared to adapt to current and future climate impacts. -
Publication
Climate Risk Country Profile: Kyrgyz Republic
(World Bank, Washington, DC and Asian Development Bank, Manila, 2021-09-24)The Kyrgyz Republic is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest, and China to the east. A wide variety of natural hazards also affect the Kyrgyz Republic. Earthquakes are common and have led to loss of life and significant damage to infrastructure and livelihoods, typically occurring every 5 to 10 years. Climate related hazards are also common and diverse. This document aims to succinctly summarize the climate risks faced by PNG. This includes rapid onset and long-term changes in key climate parameters, as well as impacts of these changes on communities, livelihoods, and economies, many of which are already underway. This is a high-level synthesis of existing research and analyses, focusing on the geographic domain of PNG, therefore potentially excluding some international influences and localized impacts. The core data presented is sourced from the database sitting behind the World Bank Group’s (WBG) climate change knowledge portal (CCKP), incorporating climate projections from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). This document is primarily meant for WBG and Asian Development Bank (ADB) staff to inform their climate actions. The document also aims to direct the reader to many useful sources of secondary data and research. -
Publication
Climate Risk Country Profile: Kazakhstan
(World Bank, Washington, DC and Asian Development Bank, Manila, 2021-09-24)The Republic of Kazakhstan is located in Central Asia, the country shares borders with the Russian Federation to the north, China to the east, and Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and the Kyrgyz Republic to the south. The Caspian Sea forms a natural boundary to the west. Kazakhstan contains forest-steppe, steppe, semi-arid, and desert climate zones and precipitation is low throughout. This document aims to succinctly summarize the climate risks faced by Kazakhstan. This includes rapid onset and long- term changes in key climate parameters, as well as impacts of these changes on communities, livelihoods, and economies, many of which are already underway. This is a high-level synthesis of existing research and analyses, focusing on the geographic domain of Kazakhstan, therefore potentially excluding some international influences and localized impacts. The core data presented is sourced from the database sitting behind the World Bank Group’s (WBG) climate change knowledge portal (CCKP), incorporating climate projections from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). This document is primarily meant for WBG and Asian Development Bank (ADB) staff to inform their climate actions. The document also aims and to direct the reader to many useful sources of secondary data and research. -
Publication
Climate Risk Country Profile: Afghanistan
(World Bank, Washington, DC and Asian Development Bank, Manila, 2021-09-24)Climate change is a major risk to good development outcomes, and the World Bank Group is committed to playing an important role in helping countries integrate climate action into their core development agendas. The World Bank Group (WBG) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) are committed to supporting client countries to invest in and build a low-carbon, climate resilient future, helping them to be better prepared to adapt to current and future climate impacts. This document aims to succinctly summarize the climate risks faced by Afghanistan. This includes rapid onset and long-term changes in key climate parameters, as well as impacts of these changes on communities, livelihoods, and economies, many of which are already underway. This is a high-level synthesis of existing research and analyses, focusing on the geographic domain of Afghanistan, therefore potentially excluding some international influences and localized impacts. The core data presented is sourced from the database sitting behind the World Bank Group’s Climate Change Knowledge Portal (CCKP), incorporating climate projections from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). This document is primarily meant for WBG and ADB staff to inform their climate action and to direct them to many useful sources of secondary data and research. -
Publication
Climate Risk Country Profile: Georgia
(World Bank, Washington, DC and Asian Development Bank, Manila, 2021-09-24)Georgia is located in the South Caucasus region, sharing land borders with Russia to the north, Turkey to the southwest, Armenia to the south, and Azerbaijan to the east. Over the past two decades, Georgia has experienced significant economic change, urbanization, and displaced populations (due to conflict and disasters triggered by natural hazards). This document aims to summarize the climate risks faced by Georgia. This includes short and long-term changes in key climate parameters, as well as impacts of these changes on communities, livelihoods, and economies, many of which are already underway. This is a high-level synthesis of existing research and analyses, focusing on the geographic domain of Georgia, as such this profile potentially overlooks some localized impacts and transboundary flow dynamics. The core data presented is sourced from the database sitting behind the World Bank Group’s climate change knowledge portal (CCKP). This document also aims to direct the reader to many useful sources of secondary data and research. -
Publication
Climate Risk Country Profile: Thailand
(World Bank, Washington, DC and Asian Development Bank, Manila, 2021-09-24)Thailand is the twentieth most populous country in the world, located at the center of Southeast Asia. The southern end of the country is a peninsula with the Andaman Sea to the west and Gulf of Thailand. Located in the tropical region, Thailand’s climate is relatively warm all year round. Thailand has experienced negative growth due to the impacts form the Coronavirus (COIVD-19) pandemic, which has adversely affected Thailand’s small, open economy, its export and the country’s tourism sector. To counter this, Thailand has placed emphasis on self-reliance and resilience to external factors in its economic planning. This document aims to succinctly summarize the climate risks faced by Thailand. This includes rapid onset and long-term changes in key climate parameters, as well as impacts of these changes on communities, livelihoods and economies, many of which are already underway. Climate change is a major risk to good development outcomes, and the World Bank Group is committed to playing an important role in helping countries integrate climate action into their core development agendas. The World Bank Group (WBG) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) are committed to supporting client countries to invest in and build a low-carbon, climate resilient future, helping them to be better prepared to adapt to current and future climate impacts. -
Publication
Climate Risk Country Profile: Sri Lanka
(World Bank, Washington, DC and Asian Development Bank, Manila, 2021-09-24)Sri Lanka is a small island nation lying in the Indian Ocean and consists of a mountainous area in the south-central region and a surrounding coastal plain. The climate of Sri Lanka is wet and warm, ideal for forest growth. Over the last century, more than two-thirds of this forest cover, rich in biodiversity, has been removed to accommodate human use. Nonetheless, rich natural resources remain and, alongside its vibrant cultures, contribute to the nation’s successful tourism industry. This document aims to succinctly summarize the climate risks faced by Sri Lanka. This includes rapid onset and long-term changes in key climate parameters, as well as impacts of these changes on communities, livelihoods, and economies, many of which are already underway. Climate change is a major risk to good development outcomes, and the World Bank Group is committed to playing an important role in helping countries integrate climate action into their core development agendas. The World Bank Group (WBG) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) are committed to supporting client countries to invest in and build a low-carbon, climate resilient future, helping them to be better prepared to adapt to current and future climate impacts.