Sector/Thematic Studies

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http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2110

Economic and Sectoral Work are original analytic reports authored by the World Bank and intended to influence programs and policy in client countries. They convey Bank-endorsed recommendations and represent the formal opinion of a World Bank unit on the topic. This set includes the sectoral and thematic studies which are not Core Diagnostic Studies. Other analytic and advisory activities (AAA), including technical assistance studies, are included in these sectoral/thematic collections.

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Djibouti Economic Monitor, Fall 2022

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-10) World Bank

Djibouti’s economic activity has slowed since the beginning of 2022, after the rebound observed in 2021. Fiscal pressure has increased as a result of measures to mitigate the impact of the war in Ukraine, worsening drought, and a sharp increase in debt service in 2022. Rising international energy and food prices generated high year-on-year inflation. The external current account’ deteriorated further in 2022. The banking sector has remained generally stable and sound, despite the many shocks facing the Djibouti economy. Djibouti’s economy is expected to recover gradually over the medium term. There are several risks to Djibouti’s mediumterm prospects: (i) a further deterioration in the fiscal situation resulting from a continued accumulation of public debt, a continued decline in revenues, and increased tax exemptions; (ii) potential shocks in the global transport and logistics value chains (particularly important for the activities of port-related public enterprises); (iii) the continuation or possible intensification of the Ethiopian crisis; and (iv) climatic shocks, including drought and floods. To strengthen its resilience to the multiple exogenous shocks it faces, Djibouti is implementing a strategy to diversify its port activities in order to capture more value added in international trade. This strategy includes the development of a ship repair yard, a new oil terminal and a new business district at the old port. In addition, to address the impact of climate change, Djibouti is developing a national strategy for the promotion of a green economy whose activities will help generate additional income for the population through the development of ecotourism activities in addition to their beneficial impact on climate change. In this context, the development of networks and the use of digital technology offer Djibouti significant potential for creating economic and social opportunities.
Building a Responsive and Resilient Vocational Education and Training System in Benin

(Washington, DC, 2022-05) World Bank

Benin has embarked on an ambitious reform of rapid expansion of its technical and vocational education training (TVET) sector with the goal, among others, to increase enrollment tenfold by 2030. Investments in the Benin’s human development are important to support the government’s economic growth objectives. A specific area of focus and one that has received support from the very highest levels of government is the focus on skills development and TVET. The government has put in place significant reforms to support this subsector with the aim to increase the skills base of the Beninese workforce and the population more generally, to enhance the coordination and functioning of the sector, to strengthen sectoral and institutional governance, and to improve system efficiency and relevance of programs to the needs of the labor market. The objective of this policy note is to inform the ongoing TVET reforms. The note assesses the effectiveness of the TVET system in Benin and provides policy recommendations for improvements. This policy note also presents a perspective on the plans to rapidly expand the sector, drawing on the experience of other economies including high-growth East Asian countries, and considers global trends, technological advances, climate change, and structural challenges, including the high level of informal employment and gender inequality. The report is organized into five chapters. Chapter one presents background information outlining opportunities, challenges, and reforms in the Benin TVET system. Chapter two provides broader analysis of the TVET system in Benin. Chapter three analyzes the recent developments and reforms to system of governance and financing. While chapter four assesses the quality assurance (QA) system in TVET, chapter five summarizes the key reform options and policy recommendations.
Trauma Incidence and Emergency Medical Services in Malawi

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-01-19) World Bank

This report provides insights into the current situation and overall burden of trauma and RTCs in Malawi, shares what we have learned about how to effectively run a digital trauma registry in a low-resource setting, and highlights lessons learned from the implementation of the EMS pilot.
Towards a Trash-Free Addis Ababa: Pathways for Sustainable, Climate-Friendly Solid Waste Management

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-12-16) Xie, Jian ; Mito, Toshikazu

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, has experienced significant population growth and an increase in living standards for years, resulting in increased solid waste generation and solid waste management (SWM) challenges. Inadequate SWM in the city causes land, water, and air pollution as well as negative impacts on natural ecosystems, local economies, public health, social equality, and the global environment. Despite efforts made by the Addis Ababa government and some stakeholders, the city’s SWM systems urgently need to be upgraded and modernized. This report prioritizes and proposes a set of SWM interventions that Addis Ababa may include in its investment program over the next decade. The interventions are grouped in institutional strengthening, research and technical assistance, and physical investments. Additionally, the report designs three scenarios to implement the interventions for SWM in Addis Ababa: Business-as-usual, conservative, and aggressive. The changes in waste generation, treatment, and greenhouse gas emissions in 2020-2030 across the three scenarios were projected.
Safe to Breathe Analyses and Recommendations for Improving Ambient Air Quality Management in Ethiopia

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-09-16) Xie, Jian ; Jia, Wenyu ; Croitoru, Lelia ; Guttikunda, Sarath ; Grutter, Jurg

This report is the synthesis of the key findings and recommendations of the studies carried out under the World Bank’s Advisory Services & Analytics program entitled “Ethiopia: Air Quality Management and Urban Mobility.” The report is organized as follows. After an introduction, Chapter two is an overview of air pollution issues, including air pollutants and impacts, the air quality situation in Addis Ababa (AA), and institutional arrangements for AQM in Ethiopia. Chapter three assesses the health impact of air pollution in AA and valuates its economic costs. Chapter four summarizes the study results of emission inventory and source apportionment, while Chapter five proposes and prioritizes the mitigation measures for transport air pollution control. The final chapter provides recommendations and a road map that Ethiopia might take to address emerging air pollution problems and improve AQM nationwide and in AA over the next ten years.
Trauma Incidence and Care in Tanzania: Report of Trauma Cases in a Sample of Health Facilities with a Focus on Road Traffic Crashes (2019-2020)

(Washington, DC, 2021-05) World Bank

Injuries due to road traffic crashes (RTCs) are one of the major causes of mortality in developing countries, with higher numbers of fatalities in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) region and specifically in Tanzania, where fatalities due to RTCs are almost 1.7 times the global rate. This critical problem was at the heart of the Government of Tanzania’s decision to adopt the road safety policy, 2009 with the key aim of reducing mortality and morbidity for crash victims. The outcomes for the crash victims can be improved by strengthening emergency medical services (EMS) and better, reliable trauma data. Yet, survey findings from the report the state of EMS in SSA reveal that very few countries in the SSA region have developed systematic and sustainable EMS systems at scale. The goal of this report is to present some of the insights that can be gained from the one year of detailed trauma data collection across 13 health facilities in Tanzania in order to encourage further use of these data to help inform policymakers on the current situation and help feed into more data-informed decisions.
The Cost of Coastal Zone Degradation in Nigeria: Cross River, Delta and Lagos States

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-10) Croitoru, Lelia ; Miranda, Juan Jose ; Khattabi, Abdellatif ; Lee, Jia Jun

Nigeria is Africa’s richest economy. The country has a large population, abundant natural resources, and diverse cultures. Coastal areas are particularly unique: extending along more than 800 km, they are home to rich ecosystems, thriving industries, and booming opportunities. But these areas are also fragile. Every year, floods, erosion, and pollution of air and water have alarming consequences: they cause death, sicken children, and wash away land and houses. The poor bear the brunt. How big is the damage? This report provides a clear answer to this important question. Using a consistent valuation methodology, it estimates the cost of coastal degradation in three Nigerian states: Cross River, Delta and Lagos. The results are striking: in 2018 alone, floods, erosion and pollution in these three states cost society US$9.7 billion, or 2.4 percent of the country’s GDP. As this estimate covers less than a half of the country’s coastline, the total cost of coastal degradation in Nigeria is certainly higher. This report demonstrates the benefits of doing a coordinated study that builds on state and local level analyses. Its findings will inform the country’s multi-sectoral investment plan for the coastal zone, and will support its efforts to mobilize financing for coastal resilience as part of the West Africa Coastal Areas program. Investing in coastal resilience will save lives and prevent future damages. The time is now.
Rwanda: Food Smart Country Diagnostic

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-09-28) World Bank

The term “food smart” refers to a food system that is efficient, meets the food needs of a country, and is environmentally sustainable. Reducing food loss and waste (FLW) is one of the critical pillars of building a smart food system. This diagnostic focuses on the FLW pillar, from farm to fork to landfill, with the objective of alerting policymakers to the role that addressing food loss and waste can play in meeting their various global and national policy commitments. Across Sub-Saharan Africa, FLW contributes to food insecurity, reduced income to farmers and communities, and greenhouse gas emissions. In Rwanda specifically, a growing population — set to nearly double to 22 million in the next 30 years — will exacerbate the food security challenge. Even today, undernourishment affects 35.6% of Rwanda’s population, and 36.9% of children are stunted.
Nigeria: Food Smart Country Diagnostic

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-09-28) World Bank

This study of Nigeria food loss and waste (FLW) analyzes the potential policy impacts of reducing FLW along the value chain for three strategically selected commodities: maize, tomatoes, and catfish. The study takes into account the differences between food-producing regions of the north (a poor, rural, closed economy challenged by civil conflict) and largely food-consuming regions of the south (an open economy with an increasingly urbanized population). The study found that reducing FLW for all three commodities will allow Nigeria to address key policy priorities, chief among them improving food security. Other priorities include improving rural, low-income farmer welfare; meeting Nigeria’s international commitments to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions produced by food waste; increasing food exports; and reducing food imports while satisfying the nation’s large urbanized population’s shift towards a more diversified diet.
Lesotho Policy Notes

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-08) World Bank

This policy notes seek to distill key findings from a broad range of World Bank Group engagements in Lesotho, including policy dialogue, analytical work, strategic documents, project lending, and trust funded activities. It builds on discussions with government counterparts, development partners, non-governmental organizations, representatives of the private sector, and other stakeholders. The policy note includes synopses on each topic, highlighting key issues and challenges, and concluding with actionable policy recommendations. It covers a broad range of policy issues but are not intended to be comprehensive or exhaustive. The policy notes start with the overview of the World Bank program and structured under five broad thematic groupings. It begins with key issues and challenges, and unmaterialized opportunities. The first part is reflected in policy measures in both short term and medium to long term.