Sector/Thematic Studies

6,525 items available

Permanent URI for this collection

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2110

Economic and Sectoral Work are original analytic reports authored by the World Bank and intended to influence programs and policy in client countries. They convey Bank-endorsed recommendations and represent the formal opinion of a World Bank unit on the topic. This set includes the sectoral and thematic studies which are not Core Diagnostic Studies. Other analytic and advisory activities (AAA), including technical assistance studies, are included in these sectoral/thematic collections.

Sub-collections of this Collection

Equitable Growth, Finance & Institutions Insight

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 240

Options for Reducing Plastic Leakage to the Marine Environment from Capture Fisheries and Aquaculture

(Washington, DC, 2023-05-10) World Bank

The Government of Indonesia’s (GoI) National Plan of Action on Marine Plastic Debris (NPOA-MPD 2017-2025) outlines the ambitious objective of reducing marine plastic debris by seventy percent by 2025. Abandoned, Lost and Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) is a major component of sea-based sources of marine debris, and is another important sea-based source of plastic leakage. The cultivation of marine and aquatic species, including seaweed, uses plastic components such as buoys, ropes, harvest bins and feed sacks. The primary pathways for plastic leakage from aquaculture include mismanagement, deliberate discharge, extreme weather and catastrophic events such as tsunamis. The impacts of fishery and aquaculture plastic pollution on the environment, economy, livelihoods and food security are significant. The scale of these impacts on fisheries, marine ecosystems and human users has prompted international action. Managing and mitigating plastic pollution from fisheries and aquaculture has the potential to contribute to Indonesia’s marine plastic debris targets while also providing economic opportunities. This report presents options for reducing ALDFG and ALDAG in Indonesia, and improving the management and use of End-of-life fishing gear (EOLFG).
Management, Retrieval and Recycling of End-of-Life and Abandoned, Lost and Discarded Fishing Gear: The Evidence Base from Capture Fisheries

(Washington, DC, 2023-05-10) World Bank

The Government of Indonesia’s (GoI) National Plan of Action on Marine Plastic Debris (NPOA-MPD 2017-2025) outlines the ambitious objective to reduce marine plastic debris by seventy percent by 2025. Abandoned, Lost and Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) is considered to be a major component of sea-based sources of marine debris. ALDFG has increased in recent decades due to the expansion of fishing effort and greater use of synthetic fishing gear materials. Drivers of ALDFG generation include gear characteristics, fishery management frameworks and socioeconomic factors. The impacts of ALDFG on the environment, economy, livelihoods and food security are significant. ALDFG management and mitigation strategies have the potential to contribute to Indonesia’s marine plastic debris while also providing economic opportunities. This study aims to enhance the evidence available to support efforts to improve the management, retrieval and recycling of End-of-life fishing gear (EOLFG) and ALDFG in Indonesia.
Building a Dataset for Non-Tariff Measures and its Usage: The Case of Indonesia and Applicability for Other Countries

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2023) Montfaucon, Angella Faith ; Cali, Massimiliano ; Agnimaruto, Bayu ; Silberring, Jana Mirjam ; Hasmand, Agnesia Adhissa ; Lakatos, Csilla ; Pasha, Mochamad

As import tariffs have been declining over the past decades, non-tariff measures (NTMs) have become the most frequently used measures in trade policy. The increasing use of NTMs in global trade has highlighted the need for timely, high frequency and accurate data in order to better understand the implications that NTMs have on products, firms and the economy. This manual describes the first high-frequency panel dataset built by the World Bank on the universe of NTMs applied by a country, i.e. Indonesia. The manual includes a comprehensive overview of the purpose, building procedures and usage of the data for Indonesia. The dataset expands on and improves on existing data on Indonesian NTMs collected by other institutions (UNCTAD and ERIA) by covering a broader source base, customizing the data, and by increasing the frequency of updates. By documenting the data collection and transformation process, the manual hopes to facilitate the construction of similar datasets in other countries.
Indonesia Economic Prospects : Trade for Growth and Economic Transformation

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-12) World Bank

The Russia-Ukraine war has disrupted global trade and supply chains, exacerbating the rise in global commodity and food prices. Persistently high global inflation accompanied by tepid growth brings fears of stagflation that could endure for several years. Amidst this environment, the US Federal Reserve and other advanced economy central banks sharply tightened monetary policy to curb inflation. This has translated into tighter external financing conditions and financial stress for some emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) as capital outflows have intensified. Despite global slowdown, Indonesia has experienced strong growth in 2022 thanks to commodity windfalls and a reopening of the economy. Indonesia’s external vulnerability has been low to moderate as strong exports have supported the external balance although tighter global finances have put some pressure on the capital account. Indonesia is projected to have a robust growth over the next three years though with significant downside risks emanating from the global economic environment. To address current macrofiscal policy challenges, the report highlights three policy and institutional areas that may warrant attention going forward. The first is about continuing with the implementation of tax reforms to broaden the tax base and improve compliance of business tax collection. The second is related to public spending where the authorities could over time move towards a rules-based pricing model for energy to contain subsidy pressures. The third is improving targeting and expanding coverage of existing social assistance and social insurance programs. This means filling coverage gaps, developing a system that provides a guaranteed minimum protection across the lifecycle, and strengthening delivery systems.
Indonesia Economic Prospects, June 2022: Financial Deepening for Stronger Growth and Sustainable Recovery

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-05-31) World Bank

Indonesia’s economic recovery from the Corornavirus (COVID-19) pandemic comes amidst an increasingly challenging global environment. Indonesia’s growth accelerated at the end of 2021 as the country stepped off from a devastating Delta wave in July-August, ending the year with 3.7 percent growth. The momentum carried into the first quarter of 2022 with the economy growing at 5 percent (yoy) and absorbing a short and sharp increase in Omicron-related COVID cases. Growth drivers since end 2021 have rebalanced gradually from exports and public consumption towards private consumption and investment. Since February, the war in Ukraine has disrupted the global economic environment with rising commodity prices and de-risking in global financial markets. The positive terms-of-trade effect has benefited Indonesia in the near-term through higher export and fiscal earnings. But the country is starting to feel the pressures of rising prices and tightening external finance.
The Economics of Large-scale Mangrove Conservation and Restoration in Indonesia: Technical Report

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-04) World Bank

Development in Indonesia has resulted in reduced poverty but has also been accompanied by significant pressure on natural capital, particularly its mangrove ecosystems, which are the most carbon-rich ecosystems on earth. Mindful of the negative impacts associated with coastal ecosystems degradation, the government of Indonesia has embarked on a blue economy strategy encompassing a range of initiatives, including tackling mangrove degradation and depletion. Recently, the government of Indonesia has set an ambitious target for mangrove restoration of 600,000 hectares by 2025. How this target can be reached and the implications of the actions to be taken are subject to national debate. The objective of this report is to inform sustainable mangrove management policies in Indonesia through quantification of the values and spatial variations of the net benefits of mangrove conservation and restoration. The report compares the costs and benefits of mangrove restoration and conservation using a nation-wide spatial cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The analysis is spatially explicit, meaning that variation in costs and benefits by location are assessed, helping to identify cost-effective locations for large-scale mangrove restoration and conservation. The results of this assessment should help the government, the private sector, and other stakeholders across Indonesia better understand the costs and benefits of mangrove management decisions.
Indonesia’s Online Vacancy Outlook: From Online Job Postings to Labor Market Intelligence 2020

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-02-09) World Bank

The objective of this technical report and the accompanying skills profiles report is twofold. First, the technical report explains the methodology used to transform job postings text into OV data and in turn, illustrates how to use those data to produce labor market intelligence valuable to different users. Second, the report presents answers to questions often asked by end-users and policymakers. This work is part of a series produced by the World Bank to support the Government of Indonesia in strengthening its labor market information system (LMIS). The OVO presents the results of one of four data pilots that, if adopted by the government, will provide the information needed to fill in important data gaps and to provide key labor market intelligence services to different users. Moreover, while this work focuses on the Indonesian context, it may also inform decisions in other developing countries that are considering the utilization of these data and having concerns about their validity when there is limited access to the internet and widespread informality.
Vulnerability Map for Response to the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Case Study on Indonesia

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-02-01) Hou, Xiaohui ; Stewart, Benjamin P. ; Tariverdi, Mersedeh ; Pambudi, Eko Setyo ; Harimurti, Pandu ; Nagpal, Somil ; Jia, Wei ; Vicencio, Jasmine Marie ; Görgens, Marelize ; Garrett, Keith Patrick

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a threat to global health security. This paper uses geospatial analyses to create a COVID Vulnerability Mapping Dashboard that examines and displays social vulnerability indices at the national and subnational levels in Indonesia. The dashboard answers three main questions: 1. Where are the vulnerable populations 2. What is the capacity of local health systems and 3. What is the local trend in COVID cases The dashboard prototype presented herein was developed and used to direct attention to geographic areas where risks are expected to be greatest.
The Digital Future of Teacher Training in Indonesia: What’s Next?

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-02-01) Yarrow, Noah ; Khairina, Noviandri ; Cilliers, Jacobus ; Dini, Indah

This report reflects on the Indonesia’s online teacher training ecosystem based on unique data collected from both teachers and providers during the COVID-19 period. A detailed mapping of the eight largest providers of online teacher training in Indonesia was conducted, covering 25 programs. We find that the majority of programs are short in duration and focus on digital literacy skills and remote learning. Training programs were mostly provided using online lectures, few provided individual coaching, while none provided opportunities for personalized learning. Second, we conducted a nationally representative phone survey of 435 primary and junior secondary teachers spanning 30 provinces across Indonesia (66 percent of whom are female teachers). The teacher survey was conducted between February and March 2021 and covered teachers under both the Ministry of Education, Research, and Technology (MoECRT) and the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MoRA). We find that 44 percent of teachers participated in online learning during the pandemic, and that three quarters of these teachers had never participated in online training prior to the pandemic. Many training participants reported challenges in implementing what they learned from online training. Most of the teachers who participated (88 percent) would like to continue receiving training online even after the pandemic ends. These results suggest that demand for online training is expected to persist, but more can be done to improve their quality.
Improving Data Quality for an Effective Social Registry in Indonesia

(Washington, DC, 2022) World Bank

Investing in better data systems is critical to maximize the impact of social protection programs as more and more countries around the world are aiming to not only reduce poverty and inequality but also to achieve Universal Social Protection (USP). Globally the expansion of social safety net programs has contributed to poverty reduction and the improved well-being of the poor. Now countries are now offering more comprehensive packages of social benefits and services to serve broader population needs and to facilitate more sustainable poverty reduction outcomes. If not managed well, the expansion of services and beneficiaries can contribute to fragmentation in program processes and systems that will result in higher administrative costs, lack of coordination, and duplication in processes. Frequent climate shocks and the COVID-19 pandemic have also further highlighted critical gaps in social protection coverage, exposing the need for more and better data systems to identify and support those still excluded from social protection programs and systems. A high-quality data system is especially important to direct appropriate benefits and services to the groups that need them. Although there is no one size fits all targeting strategy, building a credible social information system (SIS) and improving social protection delivery systems (DS) are key to achieving USP everywhere. In the Indonesian context, the greatest gains are more likely to come from investment in coverage and quality of the data through better systems and expertise. This policy note summarizes options and principles for improving data quality for an effective social registry in Indonesia, to better support outreach, intake, registration and eligibility determination for Social Protection Programs. While the note is Indonesia-focused, it provides lessons applicable to other countries addressing these challenges as well.