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Industrialization and the Land Acquisition Conundrum
(2011-04) Bardhan, Pranab
When government officials are involved in land transactions the scope for arbitrary decision making and corruption is large, and the land issue can turn into a political football among rival political parties.
The Effect of Refugee Inflows on Host Communities
(World Bank, 2010-02-15) Alix-Garcia, Jennifer; Saah, David
Despite the large and growing number of humanitarian emergencies, there is little economic research on the impact of refugees and internally displaced people on the communities that receive them. This analysis of the impact of the refugee inflows from Burundi and Rwanda in 1993 and 1994 on host populations in western Tanzania shows large increases in the prices of nonaid food items and more modest price effects for aid-related food items. Food aid is shown to mitigate these effects, though its impact is smaller than that of the increases in the refugee population. Examination of household assets suggests positive wealth effects of refugee camps on nearby rural households and negative wealth effects on households in urban areas.
Policy Reforms Affecting Agricultural Incentives
(World Bank, 2010-02-01) Anderson, Kym
For decades, earnings from farming in many developing countries have been depressed by a pro-urban bias in own-country policies, as well as by governments of richer countries favoring their farmers with import barriers and subsidies. Both sets of policies reduce national and global economic welfare and inhibit agricultural trade and economic growth. They almost certainly add to inequality and poverty in developing countries, since three-quarters of the world's billion poorest people depend on farming for their livelihood. During the past two decades, however, numerous developing country governments have reduced their sectoral and trade policy distortions, while some high-income countries also have begun reducing market-distorting aspects of their farm policies. The author surveys the changing extent of policy distortions to prices faced by developing-country farmers over the past half century, and provides a summary of new empirical estimates from a global economy-wide model that yield estimates of how much could be gained by removing the interventions remaining as of 2004. The author concludes by pointing to the scope and prospects for further pro-poor policy reform in both developing and high-income countries.
The Millennium Challenge Account : Making U.S. Foreign Assistance More Effective?
(World Bank, 2009-02) Herrling, Sheila; Radelet, Steve
The U.S. and Germany each undertook a major effort to reform their respective development aid programs. Their paths were different, but both programs incorporate principles present in the AAA. To what extent have these reform efforts succeeded?
Brazil as an Emerging Donor
(World Bank, 2009-02-01) Sotero, Paulo
This article offers an examination of Brazil's experience as a new donor: its purposes, goals, and the effectiveness of its approach.