01. Annual Reports & Independent Evaluations

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FY 2021 India Country Opinion Survey Report

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-08) World Bank Group

The Country Opinion Survey in India assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in India perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in India on 1) their views regarding the general environment in India; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in India; 3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in India; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in India.
The Government Monitoring and Evaluation System in India : A Work in Progress

(Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank Group, Washington, DC, 2013-10) Mehrotra, Santosh

This paper is discusses the evolution of India s approach to monitoring and evaluation of government programs. It is organized into 8 sections. (1) Describes the Indian government structure and sets the context for the challenges of building a government-wide M&E system in India. (2) Outlines a short history of the evaluation system under the planning commission and its stages of development. (3) Examines the demand side of evaluation the sources of demand for accountability, especially in recent years, and for evaluation in particular, and the locus of decisions regarding the selection of which programs to monitor and evaluate. (4) Discusses supply-side and operational issues such as staffing and capacity, and technical approaches (including the type or range of methodology applied). This section also examines the role of the private sector, think tanks, and civil society. (5) Examines the new institutional arrangements M&E. This section also examines the state of management information systems (MISs), outcome budgeting encouraged by the Ministry of Finance, and the performance management system as it operates in India. (6) Discusses the new Independent Evaluation Office (which became functional recently, in 2013). (7) Highlights the fiscal issues underpinning the emerging accountability and effectiveness processes. It outlines the current system of fiscal transfers from the center to the states and the highly centralized central-state fiscal relations, and how they may affect performance and evaluation. (8) Concludes with some observations about ways forward.
World Bank Engagement at the State Level : The Cases of Brazil, India, Nigeria, and the Russian Federation

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2010) Independent Evaluation Group

This report summarizes the past 10 years (1998-2008) of World Bank engagement at the state level in four selected large federal countries: Brazil, India, Nigeria, and the Russian Federation. The report identifies lessons and good practice examples that warrant further examination and wider dissemination. First, the study confirms the desirability of continued selective lending in a few focus states. The Bank's engagement with progressive, reformist states has added value and has been highly appreciated, but to enhance the poverty impact of state-level interventions, greater weight should be given to the needs of the poorest states by balancing states' propensity to reform and the concentration of poverty within them. Experience shows that it has been possible to achieve results in some of the poorer, low-capacity states through persistent work with committed state counterparts and partnerships with other donors. Second, continued focus on public finance management appears sound, irrespective of whether engagement is confined to this area or serves as an entry point for broader engagement. Third, there is considerable scope for greater impact from knowledge transfer and expanded knowledge services.
The Quality of Growth: Fiscal Policies for Better Results

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2008) López, Ramón E. ; Thomas, Vinod ; Wang, Yan

The world faces unprecedented opportunities to reduce global poverty and improve human welfare. Strong global growth and better economic policies in recent years have substantially reduced poverty in many developing countries. However, with the recent financial turmoil in the United States and rising prices for food, oil, and other commodities, the world economy faces heightened risks and volatility. Policymakers around the world face the challenge of maintaining momentum in growth, as well as of improving the quality of growth. This concern over quality is reflected in the highly uneven reduction in poverty, rising inequality in numerous countries, and widening environmental degradation during the past decade, a period of unprecedented high economic growth in developing countries. Unless these issues are confronted, gains from growth are likely to be undermined and the pace of growth, itself, will not be sustained. Growth is clearly linked to reductions in poverty. But the strength of this relationship depends on the quality or nature of growth. Various studies show that some growth patterns systematically reduce poverty and inequality, but others do not. And some growth patterns lead to underinvestment in human capital, overexploitation of natural resources, and degradation of the environment, patterns inimical to the sustainability of growth.
India : Environmental Sustainability in the 1990s, A Country Assistance Evaluation

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2002) Ringskog, Klas ; Chow, Nola

India's environmental problems are deep-rooted and severe. Estimates of annual environmental damage range from 4.5 percent to 8 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), in line with annual economic growth. Since 1990 the World Bank has lent India 1.94 billion dollars for 19 projects to mitigate environmental damage and another 97 million dollars was granted under global environmental facility (GEF) and Montreal protocol trust funds for four projects to protect the global environment. The Bank has also supported a spectrum of economic and sector work (ESW) that address environmental issues based on country assistance strategies. The report identifies eight conclusions for the Bank s future environmental assistance to India: integrate safeguards earlier in the project cycle; provide alternatives to public sector management of water supply and sewerage systems; greatly expand support of sanitation programs; air pollution needs to be targeted as a priority measure; step up efforts to promote rational pricing of natural resources; monitoring and enforcement of environmental standards is lagging and undermines the whole regulatory effort; links between poverty reduction and ecological balance must be more fully documented; and better recognition of global environmental threats will also address local concerns.
India : The Challenges of Development, A Country Assistance Evaluation

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001-05) Zanini, Gianni

This country assitance evaluation assesses the development effectiveness of World Bank assistance to India during the 1990s. The Bank has been India's largest source of external long-term capital and has financed a sizable share of its public investment. Its lending and nonlending services have been thinly spread over many central and state agencies and have addressed many different objectives. Overall the strategic goals of the Bank during the decade were relevant and the design of the assitance strategy improved. Efficacy is rated as modest, mainly because of the Bank's limited impact on fiscal and other structural reforms, the failure to develop an effective assistance strategy for rural poverty reduction, and the mediocre quality of projects at exit. Institutional development impact has also been modest and sustainability incertain, given the serious remaining fiscal imbalances, high environmental costs, and governance weaknesses. Taken together, these ratings gauge the overall outcome of assistance for the decade as moderately satisfactory. But these ratings must be viewed in light of the recent, subtantial improvement in the relevance of the assistance strategy, largely prompted by the innovations embodied in the 1997 Country Assistance Strategy (CAS). The focus on poverty reduction has been sharpened, a more selective approach to state assistance put in place, and greater attention given to governance and institutions, although it is still too early to judge efficacy.