01. Annual Reports & Independent Evaluations

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FY 2022 China Country Opinion Survey Report

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-07) World Bank Group

The Country Opinion Survey in China assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in China perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral and bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in China on: (1) their views regarding the general environment in China; (2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in China; (3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in China; and (4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in China.
World Bank Support for Irrigation Service Delivery: Responding to Emergent Challenges and Opportunities

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-09-30) Independent Evaluation Group

This evaluation seeks to inform the World Bank’s efforts to support client countries to deliver sustainable irrigation and drainage services and achieve development impacts. The results of this evaluation can help the World Bank improve strategic approaches in an evolving context. Irrigation service delivery is increasingly challenged by multiple factors that are driving demand for agricultural production, water scarcity, and variability in water precipitation. These factors include population growth and urbanization leading to increasing demand for agricultural products, and greater competition for water resources from domestic and industrial users. Untreated urban wastewater released into water bodies affects irrigation water quality. Water availability is increasingly variable because of the effects of climate change.
FY2019 China Country Opinion Survey Report

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-07) World Bank Group

The country opinion survey in China assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in China perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral and bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in China on: (1) their views regarding the general environment in China; (2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in China; (3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in China; and (4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in China.
FY15 China Country Opinion Survey Report

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-11) World Bank Group

The Country Opinion Survey in China assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in China perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in China on 1) their views regarding the general environment in China; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in China; 3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in China; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in China.
The Imperative of Skills Development for the Structural Transformation of Sub-Saharan Africa: Potential for China-World Bank-Africa Collaboration

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-05) Bashir, Sajitha

This paper proposes three ways in which China and the World Bank could collaborate in the area of skills development in Africa, building on the experience of both and recent efforts at collaboration. First, under the PASET initiative, China and the World Bank could undertake joint analytical work to assess the skills needs for different sectors in individual countries, continue the benchmarking of African universities piloted with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, share the development experience of China through targeted learning visits, and share experiences in skills development through regional forums. Second, China could support the regional initiatives of the PASET such as the establishment of the Regional Scholarship Fund for postgraduate studies in applied sciences, engineering and technology; the proposed regional TVET centres of excellence; and co-financing of the regional Africa Centres of Excellence project, currently financed by the World Bank. This would supplement China’s on-going investments, which could also benefit from the experience of well-designed programs with strong monitoring and evaluation. Third, China could co-finance country-level projects which are being prepared with World Bank assistance, focusing on technical/vocational and higher education. This will enable Chinese Ministries and institutions to learn from the experience of the World Bank and contribute to the development of the education and training system in Sub-Saharan African countries, while also contributing China’s experience in a concrete fashion.
China Country Opinion Survey Report (July 2012 - June 2013)

(Washington, DC, 2014-03-14) World Bank Group

The Country Opinion Survey for FY2012 in China assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in China perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in China on 1) their views regarding the general environment in China; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in China; 3) overall impressions of the WBG s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in China; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG s future role in China.
Energy Efficiency Finance : Assessing the Impact of IFC's China Utility-based Energy Efficiency Finance Program

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2010) Independent Evaluation Group

This evaluation assesses the performance of International Finance Corporations (IFC's) energy efficiency finance program in China aimed at stimulating energy efficiency investments through bank guarantees and technical assistance. The program's significance is underpinned by the fact that China's size, rapid economic growth, and inefficiencies in energy use make it one of the world's largest emitters of carbon dioxide (CO2.). The utilization of IFC's program has been rapid compared with other similar programs. The difference made by the program is traced along the chain of interventions: (i) at the level of banks, the program is narrowly based on one of the two partner banks, which, with the help of the program, expanded its energy efficiency lending as a new business line; (ii) at the level of energy management companies, the program's technical assistance improved the program participants' access to finance; and (iii) at the end-user level, it promoted the use of energy efficiency investments that achieved reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The evaluation recommends areas of improvement to realize greater impact. First, the program needs to emphasize areas where the potential additionality is high, such as small enterprises. Second, the program needs to concentrate more on activities that have the potential to reduce emissions significantly, such as energy efficiency for buildings. Third, the program's subsidy elements need to be reoriented to the areas of market failure, with IFC increasing its coverage of first loss from its own resources.
The Quality of Growth: Fiscal Policies for Better Results

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2008) López, Ramón E. ; Thomas, Vinod ; Wang, Yan

The world faces unprecedented opportunities to reduce global poverty and improve human welfare. Strong global growth and better economic policies in recent years have substantially reduced poverty in many developing countries. However, with the recent financial turmoil in the United States and rising prices for food, oil, and other commodities, the world economy faces heightened risks and volatility. Policymakers around the world face the challenge of maintaining momentum in growth, as well as of improving the quality of growth. This concern over quality is reflected in the highly uneven reduction in poverty, rising inequality in numerous countries, and widening environmental degradation during the past decade, a period of unprecedented high economic growth in developing countries. Unless these issues are confronted, gains from growth are likely to be undermined and the pace of growth, itself, will not be sustained. Growth is clearly linked to reductions in poverty. But the strength of this relationship depends on the quality or nature of growth. Various studies show that some growth patterns systematically reduce poverty and inequality, but others do not. And some growth patterns lead to underinvestment in human capital, overexploitation of natural resources, and degradation of the environment, patterns inimical to the sustainability of growth.
The Effectiveness of World Bank Support for Community-Based and -Driven Development: Safeguard Policy Review

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2006) Whitford, Peter ; Mathur, Kavita

The Safeguards Policy Review is one of two thematic studies, called the effectiveness of World Bank support for community-based and -driven development, (CBD/CDD Study). The study reviewed project appraisal, supervision, and completion documents for a sample of 84 projects to assess their compliance with the Bank's safeguard policies. A further review of the design and implementation experience of the same sample of CBD/CDD projects was done to help identify challenges CBD/CDD operations face in applying the Bank's safeguards and assess the extent to which the interventions complied with safeguard requirements. Four broad themes emerge from the analysis: (a) although there has been clear improvement, safeguard compliance in CBD/CDD projects does not yet fully meet Bank standards; (b) while quality at entry needs improvement, safeguards compliance during implementation warrants much greater attention by the Bank and borrowers, and may indicate the need for greater allocation of supervision resources; (c) gaps in the compliance system may be leading to significant environmental and social impacts, which may not be caught by the monitoring and reporting systems typically used; and (d) the Bank appears to have particular difficulty in ensuring safeguard compliance in its largest borrowers.
The World Bank's Assistance for Water Resources Management in China

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2005-04-27) Varley, Robert C.G.

China has an ancient tradition of hydraulic engineering but in the past half century the intensity of exploitation of water resources has accelerated as a result of population and economic growth. The three major issues for Chinese water management are water shortages, flood control and pollution. The World Commission on Dams noted that since 1949 the number of large dams in China had increased from 22 to 22,000, almost half the global total. China has over 80,000 reservoirs and 240,000 km of dikes. Most rivers and streams are now used for irrigation, power generation, transport, urban water supply or waste disposal, some for all of these purposes. The main constraints to integration of Water Resource Management, or WRM arise from the interaction of fairly objective needs for new institutions, incentives and procedures, on the one hand, and bureaucratic interests and political resistance to demand management on the other. China s water problems are not unique, involving a balancing act between economic growth and resource depletion, protection of the environment, health and other non-economic objectives, mediated by strong governments at both central and federal (provincial levels). This paper focuses on the role that the World Bank operations have played in changing WRM policy and strategy during the 1990s.