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Publication
Yemen Civil Society Organizations in Transition : A Mapping and Capacity Assessment of Development-Oriented Civil Society Organizations in Five Governorates
(Washington, DC, 2013-06)Civil society in Yemen is vibrant and diverse but highly fragmented. It includes independent registered and organized civic groups, less organized local self-help organizations, and charity oriented groups. The first period, from 1950 to 1963, saw a growth in associational activity in the modern enclave of late colonial Aden and within the protectorates of the northern imamate amidst heavy immigration and modernization. A second stage of development took place in the late 1970s and 1980s with very little central control but exceptional affluence thanks to remittances from citizens employed in the Gulf. As the political transition in Yemen continues, there is renewed interest in engaging local Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in the process of service delivery, decentralization, institution building and in encouraging inclusion and greater citizen participation. The Government has requested that the World Bank update its earlier work on CSOs in Yemen to map and to assess the capacities of present-day, development-oriented CSOs in five governorates. Nearly all of the CSOs that participated in this study were formally registered, non-governmental organizations that were generally independent of tribal or religious affiliation. There is an important opening in Yemen at present to encourage greater social accountability among CSOs and through CSO-Government partnerships. Social accountability includes a growing emphasis on beneficiary engagement in monitoring and assessing government performance as well as service providers, particularly in providing feedback on, and voicing demand for, improved service delivery. Based on this study's findings, it is recommended that the Government reform CSOs-related procedures, including registration, re-licensing, and decentralize avenues for CSO-ministry collaboration on service delivery and standards development to the governorate-level branches of the respective Ministries. Finally, it is recommended that training be made available for Yemeni journalists that cover the work of the country's civic sector or development issues in general. -
Publication
Yemen - Mineral Sector Review
(World Bank, 2009-06-01)Dependence on the oil sector as a source of economic growth is no longer sustainable given the rate at which oil reserves are being depleted. Yemen will come to rely on other sectors of the economy, some of which have potential but remain under-developed. The mineral sector is one of these. The third five year plan for development and poverty alleviation 2006-2010, identified the mineral sector as one of the key sources of future growth for the country, along with tourism and agriculture. This study was conducted to assess the potential contribution of the mineral sector to sustainable growth and poverty alleviation in Yemen and to define the constraints that will need to be overcome if this potential is to be realized. In so doing it helps to define those areas of government action and donor support that will need to be sustained over the medium to long term. -
Publication
The Republic of Yemen - Economic Growth : Sources, Constraints and Potentials
(Washington, DC, 2002-05-31)High and sustained rate of economic growth in Yemen is a necesary, though not sufficient, condition for reduction of the high incidence of poverty and for raising the living standards of Yemeni citizens. Evidence in this report suggests that the main obstacle to rapid and sustained economic growth is the weak governance that characterizes Yemen in addition to the weaknesses in domestic security, property rights, and rule of law systems. Weak governance in Yemen is characterized/manifested by widespread corruption, lack of transparency and accountability, inefficiency in the interaction of public officials and private business, ineffective or absent market promoting institutions such as those enforcing contracts (courts, tribunals, etc.), poor performance of the public sector in terms of delivering essential goods and implementing programs, associated lack of incentives and skills in the civil service, and weak enforceability of contracts and rulings. Along with ordering the governance situation, there are areas that should receive government priority in the short and medium term, including: 1) enhancing domestic security to boost economic activity in all economic sectors; 2) removing excessive and arbitrary regulations to strengthen basic infrastructure and other services and to attract private investment into these sectors; 3) legal and judicial reform; and 4) sustained implementation of civil service reforms. -
Publication
Economic Growth in the Republic of Yemen : Sources, Constraints, and Potentials
(Washington, DC, 2002)High and sustained rate of economic growth in Yemen is a necesary, though not sufficient, condition for reduction of the high incidence of poverty and for raising the living standards of Yemeni citizens. Evidence in this report suggests that the main obstacle to rapid and sustained economic growth is the weak governance that characterizes Yemen in addition to the weaknesses in domestic security, property rights, and rule of law systems. Weak governance in Yemen is characterized/manifested by widespread corruption, lack of transparency and accountability, inefficiency in the interaction of public officials and private business, ineffective or absent market promoting institutions such as those enforcing contracts (courts, tribunals, etc.), poor performance of the public sector in terms of delivering essential goods and implementing programs, associated lack of incentives and skills in the civil service, and weak enforceability of contracts and rulings. Along with ordering the governance situation, there are areas that should receive government priority in the short and medium term, including: 1) enhancing domestic security to boost economic activity in all economic sectors; 2) removing excessive and arbitrary regulations to strengthen basic infrastructure and other services and to attract private investment into these sectors; 3) legal and judicial reform; and 4) sustained implementation of civil service reforms.