Accounting and Auditing Assessment

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https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2111

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FYR Macedonia: Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Accounting and Auditing, Update
(2014-09) World Bank
This assessment of accounting and auditing requirements and practices in Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) Macedonia is part of a joint initiative implemented by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to prepare reports on the observance of standards and codes (ROSC). The assessment focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the accounting and auditing (A and A) environment that influences the quality of corporate financial reporting, and includes a review of both statutory requirements and actual practice. The assessment also considers the extent of compliance with European Union (EU) requirements under the acquis communautaire. The strategic objective of this report is to support government efforts to improve the business climate in FYR Macedonia, and achieve the country s overarching goal of EU integration. The three essential pillars of institutional infrastructure are: (i) adequate and appropriate legal requirements, (ii) capacity sufficient to implement those requirements, and (iii) effective enforcement mechanisms. This report updates the first ROSC A and A prepared in 2003. This report provides policy recommendations to improve financial transparency in the domestic corporate sector and to strengthen accounting and audit practices in line with international benchmarks and EU Directives.
Slovenia Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes: Accounting and Auditing
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2014-05) World Bank
This assessment of accounting and auditing practices in Slovenia is part of a joint initiative of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) to prepare Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The assessment focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the accounting and auditing environment that influence the quality of corporate financial reporting and includes a review of both mandatory requirements and actual practice. This is the second A&A ROSC for Slovenia and based on information collected in 2013, early 2014. The first one was published in 2004. As the requirements of the EU acquis communautaire and international standards have already been adopted in the financial sector this assessment focuses on the proper application of these requirements, with the view that improved financial information raises the capacity of regulators to maintain financial stability, and improve the level of trust in the financial system, in the context of an ongoing recapitalization exercise. In the State Owned Enterprises, or SOEs, the report focuses on the requirements applicable to them and how well these are enforced, as well as to what extent the government uses the financial reporting and audit process to monitor SOEs and hold their management teams accountable. This report also considers SMEs financial reporting, including how current requirements compare with the latest revisions to the EU Accounting Directive, which further simplified requirements for smaller companies. Finally, audit oversight and quality assurance systems are assessed, including the feasibility of incorporating the audit oversight body as part of the financial sector supervisor.
Moldova : Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Accounting and Auditing, Update
(Washington, DC, 2013-06-01) World Bank
This assessment of accounting and auditing practices in Moldova is part of a joint initiative that is implemented by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to prepare Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The assessment focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the accounting and auditing environment that influence the quality of corporate financial reporting, and includes a review of both statutory requirements and actual practice. It uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as benchmarks and draws on international experience and good practices, as well as the European Union's acquis communautaire given Moldova's strategy of further integration with the European Union. In the medium term, improvement in Moldova's business environment is essential to put the country on a sustainable growth path. The strategic objective of this task is to support the Government in its efforts to improving the business environment in Moldova by contributing to an elevated level of competitiveness and productivity across the economy through business enterprises providing timely and reliable financial information, formulated according to internationally accepted standards, while also observing standards of governance that create confidence among local and foreign investors. These will enable companies to have greater access to finance, invest and increase their productivity. This assessment was drawn up at the request of the Government of Moldova and builds on the previous Accounting and Auditing ROSC that was prepared in 2004. The 2004 ROSC had the following objectives: (i) to spell out the ingredients of a good set of national accounting and auditing practices; (ii) to assess how Moldovan practices and its accounting profession perform relative to those practices; and (iii) to lay out the reforms needed to bring those practices and the profession into compliance with the generic model of good practices.
Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Accounting and Auditing Update: Czech Republic
(World Bank, Vienna, 2013-05) World Bank
Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) Accounting and Auditing (A&A) assess accounting and auditing practices in participating countries. They form part of a joint initiative that is implemented by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to review the quality of implementation of twelve internationally recognized core standards (the ROSC program). These standards and their related codes are relevant to economic stability and private and financial sector development. The program was developed at the end of the 1990s, in the wake of financial crises that affected many countries in several regions of the world. Since its inception in early 2000, the ROSC A&A program has concluded evaluations of the A&A environment in more than one hundred countries around the world. ROSC A&A reports have been produced for all countries of the Europe and Central Asia Region, except Russia. Initiatives to reassure investors about the quality of financial reporting of public interest entities, including listed companies, banks and insurance companies will also be essential.
Republic of Tajikistan : Accounting and Auditing
(Washington, DC, 2009-12) World Bank
This report describes the results of a ROSC assessment of the accounting, financial reporting and auditing requirements and practices of the Republic of Tajikistan's enterprise and financial sectors. The report assesses the quality of the Tajik financial reporting framework and makes policy recommendations for improvement. With a gross national income per capita of US$430, Tajikistan remains the poorest country in the former Soviet Union. Despite various reforms over the past several years, the business climate still lags behind other transition countries. Many of the country's problems stem from the 1992-1997 civil war, which so damaged the country's economic infrastructure that it precipitated a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Although there has been moderate domestic growth since 1997, real output is currently just over 50 percent of the 1989 level. The Republic of Tajikistan's small financial system is dominated by a few banks. The level of financial activity is among the lowest in the world, with Tajik lending amounting to merely 7.1 percent of GDP in 2007. More than 80 percent of the country s small- to medium-sized enterprises do not use the banking sector. The Republic of Tajikistan needs to improve and strengthen its corporate financial reporting system to ensure that public interest entities, such as banks and state-owned entities, become more accountable and transparent. The country needs enhanced accounting, disclosure and auditing regulations, more power for regulators and professional bodies to enforce accounting and auditing regulations and more extensive, practical and continuing professional education. All of this should be done without adding excessive regulatory burdens on medium-sized, small and micro entities.
The Republic of Uzbekistan : Accounting and Auditing
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008-12) World Bank
This report describes the results of an assessment of the accounting, financial reporting and auditing requirements and practices of the Republic of Uzbekistan's enterprise and financial sectors. The report uses, inter alia, International Accounting Standards (IAS), International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as benchmarks, and draws on international experience and good practices in the field of accounting and audit regulation, to assess the quality of Uzbek financial information and make policy recommendations
Accounting and Auditing : Romania
(Washington, DC, 2008-12) World Bank
This assessment of accounting and auditing practices in Romania is part of a joint initiative by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) to prepare Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The assessment focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the accounting and auditing environment that influence the quality of corporate financial reporting, and includes a review of both statutory requirements and actual practice. It uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as benchmarks and draws on international experience and best practices. This assessment updates the findings of the previous accounting and auditing ROSC conducted in Romania in 2002 and published in 2003. It is important to note that there has been significant growth in the credit environment including significant increases in the granting of foreign currency denominated credit. The proportion of loans denominated in foreign currency has risen recently to 50 per cent of all loans granted. Provisions to convert outstanding loan amounts into local currency under certain thresholds often exist in foreign currency denominated loan contracts. These provisions aim to address the potential credit risk arising from the foreign exchange risk borne by the borrowers. While the National Bank of Romania is monitoring the situation closely and requiring higher bank reserves for loans denominated in foreign currency (to curb the growth of such loans), these aspects could provide significant challenges to the National Bank of Romania in future years.
Accounting and Auditing: Ukraine
(Washington, DC, 2008-12) World Bank
This assessment of accounting and auditing practices in Ukraine is part of a joint initiative of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) to prepare Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The assessment focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the accounting and auditing environment that influence the quality of corporate financial reporting and includes both a review of both mandatory requirements and actual practice. The report uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as benchmarks and draws on international experience and good practice in the field of accounting and auditing regulation. All the key economic sectors in Ukraine rely on high quality financial information, which requires high quality private sector accounting and auditing. As Ukraine moves towards further reforms, liberalization and deregulation in efforts to foster an investment-friendly business environment enhanced financial transparency and improved accounting and auditing practices must support this. In this context, this report sets out policy recommendations to enhance the quality of corporate financial reporting and foster a financial reporting platform conducive to sustainable private and financial sector growth, thus increasing access to global financial markets and other tools of the market economy.
The Kyrgyz Republic : Accounting and Auditing
(Washington, DC, 2008-11) World Bank
This report provides an assessment of accounting, financial reporting, and auditing requirements and practices within the enterprise and financial sectors in the Kyrgyz Republic. The report uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as benchmarks and draws on international experience and good practices in the field of accounting and audit regulation to assess the quality of financial information and make policy recommendations. The main finding of this report is that enhancements in accounting and auditing legislation have often not been carried through to improvements in practice. Greater efforts need to be made to apply and enforce legal requirements properly. Compounding this challenge is the lack of compliance with existing public disclosure requirements and there is a need for greater public availability of financial information. Otherwise, even if accounting and auditing improves, users will not be able to access and make use of this information, reducing the overall benefits to society and the potential for private-sector-led economic growth. The Kyrgyz economy has achieved moderate growth (5.4 percent in 2004, -0.2 percent in 2005, and 2.7 percent in 2006); however, in order to enhance growth, promote further economic development, and decrease the cost of capital, additional reforms in accounting and auditing are required to produce financial information of high quality.
Accounting and Auditing: Armenia
(Washington, DC, 2008-06) World Bank
This report provides an assessment of accounting, financial reporting and auditing requirements and practices within the enterprise and financial sectors in Armenia. The report uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) formerly International Accounting Standards (IAS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as benchmarks and draws on international experience and good practices in the field of accounting and audit regulation, including in European Union (EU) member states, to assess the quality of financial information and make policy recommendations. This assessment of accounting and auditing practices in Armenia is part of a joint initiative of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) to prepare Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The assessment focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the accounting and auditing environment that influence the quality of corporate financial reporting and includes a review of both mandatory requirements and actual practice.