Accounting and Auditing Assessment
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Publication
Pakistan Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes: Accounting and Auditing
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017)Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes Accounting and Auditing (ROSC A&A) assess financial reporting and auditing practices in participating countries. These reports form part of a joint initiative implemented by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to review the quality of implementation of internationally recognized standards and principles in 12 key areas (the ROSC program) with a view to promoting financial and economic stability. This report provides an assessment of financial reporting and auditing requirements and practices within the corporate sector in Pakistan and sets forth areas of consideration for improving the institutional environment for accounting and auditing. The ROSC A&A used international benchmarks of good practice governing financial reporting and auditing in the assessment, including International Financial Reporting Standards and International Standards on Auditing. As an update to an earlier assessment that was published in 2005, this report was undertaken following a formal request from the Government of Pakistan. -
Publication
Sri Lanka Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes: Accounting and Auditing Update
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-06)The Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes, Accounting and Auditing (ROSC AA) in Sri Lanka aims to assess the progress made on implementation of the policy recommendations of the first ROSC AA in 2004 and supports the Government of Sri Lanka in preparing a country action plan. This will further enhance the quality of corporate financial reporting, and thereby contribute toward the country’s goal of improving the investment climate, attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), and fostering business development. The ROSC review, requested by the Minister of Finance and Planning, entailed an evaluation exercise that assesses the strengths and weaknesses of existing institutional frameworks that underpin financial accounting and auditing practices; determines the comparability of national accounting and auditing standards; and evaluates the effectiveness of enforcement mechanisms for ensuring compliance with existing national standards, rules, and regulations. The review was conducted from December 2013 to September 2014 using the World Bank’s multi-layered review methodology. All findings reflect this time period of the review; some stated future events may have been achieved by publication date. The data and information used for the review was gathered from a diagnostic questionnaire completed by stakeholders; by reviewing accountancy profession-related documents; and through interviews with many stakeholders from government, regulatory and accountancy bodies, accounting and auditing firms, banks, insurance companies, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs), and academia. The review focused on assessing the institutional framework underpinning accounting and auditing practices in the private sector and in SOEs of the country in comparison with international standards and good practice. -
Publication
Nepal Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes: Accounting and Auditing
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-06)This report provides an assessment of accounting, financial reporting and auditing requirements and practices in Nepal. The report uses international financial reporting standards and international standards on auditing as benchmarks and draws on international experience and good practices in the field of accounting and audit to assess the quality of financial reporting and make policy recommendations. The reports on the observance of standards and codes (ROSC) accounting and auditing addresses two strategic objectives in the Country Partnership Strategy FY14-FY18 (poverty reduction and shared prosperity). The report aims to support the Government of Nepal in preparing a country action plan aimed at further enhancing the quality of corporate financial reporting to facilitate improvement of business climate, attract foreign direct investment, and foster business development. The policy recommendations also target small and medium enterprises that form the backbone of Nepal's economy. -
Publication
Bangladesh Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes: Accounting and Auditing
(World Bank, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2015)The Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes - Accounting and Auditing (ROSC A&A) program is part of a 12-module joint World Bank-IMF initiative to assist member countries to strengthen their financial systems by improving their capacity to comply with internationally recognized standards and codes. The ROSC A&A program focuses on the institutional framework underpinning national accounting and auditing practices, and degree of conformity with international standards and good practices. This 2014 update to the Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes – Accounting and Auditing (ROSC A&A) assesses the degree to which the policy recommendations of the 2003 ROSC A&A review have been implemented, identifies issues that have emerged since the last review, and proposes a number of policy recommendations aimed at further improving the quality of corporate financial reporting and auditing which contributes to improving country’s business climate, investors’ confidence and economic growth potential of Bangladesh. The policy recommendations should form the basis for a prioritized, stakeholder-driven Country Action Plan (CAP), aimed to assist in further enhancing financial reporting processes in accordance with international standards and good practices, taking into account Bangladesh’s country specific circumstances. -
Publication
Strategic Plan for Strengthening of Internal Audit in Government of Bihar
(Washington, DC, 2012-01)The Government of Bihar (GOB) has adopted various reform measures to modernize fiscal and financial management such as passing of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, adoption of Government of India's general financial rules and decentralization of financial powers to respective departments with a view to increasing the pace of expenditure and implementation of plan schemes. However, for decentralization to be effective the supporting public financial management systems need to be also modernized. Accordingly, the Government had entrusted a project 'modernization of budget and financial rules and procedures' to Centre for Good Governance (CGG), Hyderabad. The project requires CGG to comprehensively revise the treasury code, financial rules and budget manual, and to provide a roadmap to modernize and strengthen internal audit function in the government. CGG has firstly studied the existing organization structure of the internal audit function in GOB, the skills and capacity of the internal audit staff, the working conditions in the main office and divisional offices, the perception of others about internal audit and so on. They have visited the main office in Patna and the divisional office in Gaya. After identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the system, a road map has been prepared for strengthening the internal audit in the government. -
Publication
Report on Pilot Study on Migration to Accrual Accounting : Forest and Health Departments of State Government of Madhya Pradesh (India)
(Washington, DC, 2010-05)The objective of this study is to identify gaps between the existing cash based accounting system and the accrual based accounting system to assist Government Accounting Standards Advisory Board (GASAB) to address issues related to Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) and inventories during actual migration to accrual accounting. This study also includes documentation of operational and implementation issues and suggested solutions to latent problems and road blocks if any so as to provide necessary inputs to GASAB for framing appropriate. Guidelines for migration of Government accounts from cash basis to accrual accounting system. The study is noteworthy that not only statement of financial position for the reporting entity has been prepared but it also discloses physical assets and current liabilities. Maintenance of proper records of various classes of assets (constructed, acquired or donated), inventories, receivables and carry over as prescribed in the financial rules and departmental regulations is a starting point for transition to accrual accounting. -
Publication
Bhutan - Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes : Accounting and Auditing
(World Bank, 2009-05-26)Bhutan has registered rapid economic growth in the recent past. But the private sector's contribution to this growth has not been significant. Recognizing that the private sector can play an important role as an engine of growth, the Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB) mapped out strategies to encourage the private sector to participate in the Kingdom's growth. An important strategy outlined under Bhutan's Tenth Five-Year-Plan (10FYP) is to enhance employment opportunities by encouraging private sector development, which will broaden the employment base. This strategy is also in line with another major 10FYP objective of vitalizing industry, in which the private sector is envisaged to play a major role. Bhutan's financial sector has hitherto been very small and underdeveloped, owing to the lack of adequate development in the private sector and the small size of the economy. The RGoB assessed that the lack of a clear institutional framework is one the major factors responsible for the slow growth and weak performance of industries in Bhutan, notably in the manufacturing and trade sectors. It is against this backdrop that the World Bank at the invitation of the RGoB has undertaken an assessment of accounting and auditing practices in the Kingdom of Bhutan with respect to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) issued by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). This assessment is positioned within the broader context of the country's institutional framework and capacity needed to ensure compliance with international standards and to improve the quality of financial reporting in the country. These recommendations are aimed at achieving corporate financial reporting practices of international standards and to help create a world-class working environment for professional accountants and auditors in Bhutan. -
Publication
Afghanistan : Report on Observance of Standards and Codes - Accounting and Auditing
(World Bank, 2009-02-16)This report is based on a review of the strengths and weaknesses of corporate accounting and auditing practices in Afghanistan. It forms part of a joint initiative between the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC), which covers a set of twelve internationally recognized core standards and codes relevant to economic stability and private and financial sector development. The review involved the assessment of actual practices and an analysis of the effectiveness of monitoring and enforcement mechanisms, in the area of corporate accounting and auditing in Afghanistan. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA) served as benchmarks for evaluating comparability of locally applicable accounting and auditing requirements. The review used a diagnostic template developed by the World Bank to facilitate collection of information. The information was complemented by the findings of a due diligence exercise, based on a series of meetings with key stakeholders, conducted by World Bank staff and consultants. -
Publication
Bangladesh : Public Sector Accounting and Auditing, A Comparison to International Standards
(Washington, DC, 2007-05)This assessment of public sector accounting and auditing for Bangladesh is meant generally to help implement more effective Public Financial Management (PFM) through better quality accounting and public audit processes in Bangladesh and to provide greater stimulus for more cost effective outcomes of government spending. More specific objectives are (a) to provide the country's accounting and audit authorities and other interested stakeholders with a common well-founded knowledge as to where local practices stand against the internationally developed norms of financial reporting and auditing; (b) to assess prevailing variances; (c) to chart paths for improving the accordance with international standards; and (d) to provide a continuing basis for measuring improvements. -
Publication
Pakistan : Public Sector Accounting and Auditing, A Comparison to International Standards
(Washington, DC, 2007-05)This assessment of public sector accounting and auditing is generally meant to help implement more effective public financial management (PFM) through better quality accounting and public audit processes in Pakistan and to provide greater stimulus for more cost-effective outcomes of government spending. More specific objectives are (a) to provide the country's accounting and audit authorities and other interested stakeholders with a common, strongly-founded, knowledge as to where local practices stand against the internationally developed norms of financial reporting and auditing; (b) to assess the prevailing variances; (c) to chart paths for improving the accordance with international standards; and (d) to provide a continuing basis for measuring improvements.