Accounting and Auditing Assessment
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Publication
Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Accounting and Auditing: Republic of the Philippines
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017-09-28)Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes Accounting and Auditing (‘ROSC A&A’) assess financial reporting and auditing standards, institutions and practices in participating countries. These reports form part of a joint initiative implemented by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to review the quality of implementation of internationally recognized standards and principles in 12 key areas (‘the ROSC program’) with a view to promoting financial and economic stability. This report provides an assessment of financial reporting and auditing requirements and practices within the corporate sector2 in the Philippines and sets forth areas for consideration for improving the institutional environment for A&A. The ROSC A&A used international benchmarks of good practice governing financial reporting and auditing in the assessment, including International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA). This report updates an earlier assessment which was published in 2006 and was undertaken following a formal request from the Government of the Philippines. -
Publication
Papua New Guinea Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes: Accounting and Auditing
(Washington, DC, 2015-02)The main purpose of the Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes, Accounting and Auditing (ROSC A&A) review exercise, conducted at the request of the Government of Papua New Guinea, is to propose policy recommendations that will strengthen the institutional framework that underpins accounting and auditing practices in the country. Implementation of the policy recommendations will enhance the quality of financial reporting for corporations a key pillar that directly contributes to enhancing the business environment and the advancement of governance and financial accountability in both private and public sector entities. The ROSC A&A review for Papua New Guinea focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the accounting and auditing environment that influence the quality of corporate financial reporting, and involves both a review of mandatory requirements and actual practices. The international standards that have been used as reference points for the preparation of this report are International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), clarified International Standards on Auditing (ISA), and international good practice in the field of accounting and auditing regulation. It is critical at this stage of development that PNG manage its resources well. The PNGLNG project shipped its first cargo in June 2014 and it is expected the LNG project to expand GDP by as much as one-quarter in 2014 and 2015, and national income by about 8 per cent. This requires significantly stepping up the quality, compliance, and enforcement of benchmark financial reporting and auditing practices. This is a key development challenge for PNG to channel this windfall revenue into investments that positively impact peoples lives. -
Publication
Indonesia : Accounting and Auditing
(Washington, DC, 2011-04)This report is part of a joint initiative of the World Bank and IMF to prepare Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The ROSC Accounting and Auditing review for Indonesia mainly focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the accounting and auditing environment that influences the quality of corporate financial reporting. It involves both a review of mandatory requirements and actual practices. The reference points of international standards used in this report are International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) International Standards on Auditing (ISA) and international experience and good practice in the field of accounting and auditing regulation. The methodology used to conduct the analytical work for preparing this report includes application of the ROSC Accounting and Auditing diagnostic review. Developed by the World Bank, the diagnostic template was complemented by a comprehensive due diligence exercise. The World Bank ROSC team met with key stakeholders involved in accounting and auditing and corporate reporting in Indonesia. Also, several discussion forums were held with groups of preparers and auditors of financial statements, investors, and financial analysts. -
Publication
Kingdom of Thailand : Accounting and Auditing
(Washington, DC, 2008-04)Thailand has made great efforts over the past ten years to improve the quality of corporate financial reporting. Considerable progress has been made on various fronts to strengthen the institutional framework of accounting and auditing, and to move towards converging Thai national accounting and auditing standards with international benchmarks. This report focuses on areas where stakeholders in the accounting profession in Thailand could consider making changes to strengthen the profession and increase consistency with global benchmarks. The Federation of Accounting Professions (FAP) is the self-regulatory professional body, which is a member of the International Federation of Accountants. The FAP is also the standard-setter, perhaps overly stretched with many responsibilities covered by the volunteer efforts of its members. The FAP develops and reviews accounting standards, as well as audit and ethics standards in line with international good practices. Thailand has in place legislation governing the creation and responsibilities of entities engaged in commercial activities: the accounting act, the accounting professions act, and the public limited companies act. The accounting standard-setting committee reviews international standards and issues these as national standards, through the government processes, thereby significantly reducing the gap between Thai accounting standards and international standards. To aid in the implementation of Thai accounting and auditing standards, there is a need to improve the institutional framework, including the development of a standard-setting strategy and implementation plan, to enhance practical compliance and enforcement of standards. The Securities and Exchange Commission of Thailand (SEC) has established a monitoring and enforcement process. The SEC accounting supervision department co-operates with the federation of accounting professions on evaluation of the quality of auditors. Enriched by significant input from stakeholders, this report makes recommendations for enhancements to the statutory framework, for institutional and policy development; independent reviews of audit practices; development of a strategy for continued convergence of Thai and international accounting standards with adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for public interest entities; broader training programs on practical application of the new accounting and auditing standards, and code of ethics for professional accountants; and continued development of accountancy curricula and teaching in universities throughout the country. -
Publication
Mongolia : Accounting and Auditing
(Washington, DC, 2008-03)This report provides an assessment of corporate sector accounting, financial reporting, and auditing requirements and practices within the enterprise and financial sectors in Mongolia. For purposes of this report, the corporate sector includes all private sector and state-owned enterprises. The report uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as benchmarks and draws on international experience and good practices in the field of accounting and audit regulation to evaluate institutional capacity and make policy recommendations. Since 1993, the World Bank and other development partners of Mongolia have provided financial and technical support to help Mongolia develop a legal framework, facilitate accounting education and adoption of IFRS and ISA by enterprises, constitute a new professional body, establish the examination of certified public accountants, and strengthen accounting and auditing in both public and private sectors. As a result, Mongolia has made significant changes from the old accounting for planned economic system to a new market-oriented accounting system that follows international good practices. All key economic sectors in Mongolia rely on high-quality financial information, which requires high-quality private sector accounting and auditing. Reforms, liberalization, and deregulation to further enhance the Mongolian business environment must be supported by enhanced financial transparency and improved accounting and auditing practices. Increased levels of both foreign direct investment and domestic investment demand higher-quality financial information consistent with international standards. Continuing the strengthening and development of financial reporting, accounting and auditing, and the regulatory framework that governs them, will bring benefits to Mongolia and its citizens. In this context, this report sets out policy recommendations to enhance the quality of corporate financial reporting and foster a financial reporting platform conducive to sustainable private and financial sector growth, thus increasing access to global financial markets and other tools of the market economy. -
Publication
Cambodia : Accounting and Auditing
(Washington, DC, 2007-05)This report provides an assessment of accounting and auditing practices within the corporate sector in Cambodia with reference to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), and the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) issued by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). This assessment is positioned within the broader context of the Cambodia's institutional framework and capacity needed to ensure the quality of corporate financial reporting Cambodia is putting in place an institutional framework with regard to accounting, auditing, and financial reporting practices. However, institutional weaknesses in regulation, compliance, and enforcement of standards and rules still exist. The accounting and auditing statutory framework suffers from inconsistencies among different laws. Although the national accounting standards and auditing standards are based on IFRS, and ISA, respectively, they appear outmoded and have gaps in comparison with the international equivalents. There are varying compliance gaps in both accounting and auditing practices. These gaps could primarily stem from lack of clearer understanding by professional accountants, inadequate technical capacities of the regulators, absence of implementation guidance, lack of independent oversight of the auditing profession, and shortcomings in professional education and training. There is little awareness of the importance of quality financial information in Cambodia. Financial reporting is driven primarily by complying with requirements of shareholders, obtaining bank loans, and satisfying the taxation regime. Auditing in Cambodia is perceived as an exercise of little value. The law does not outline which standards should be followed in conducting audits. Cambodia's accounting profession is largely dominated by the members of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants of the United Kingdom. The Kampuchea Institute of Certified Public Accountants and Auditors is in its early stage of development and should be geared to contribute in creating an enabling environment for high-quality corporate financial reporting and auditing practices in the country. -
Publication
Republic of Indonesia : Accounting and Auditing
(Washington, DC, 2005-06)The Government of Moldova's Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (EGPRSP) lays out an ambitious plan for sustaining growth and poverty reduction and reshaping the government to meet the needs of a market economy. The public expenditures envisaged under this ambitious plan, however, vastly exceed the domestic resources available to the Government. Additional foreign budgetary support may help alleviate some of that resource constraint. Recognizing that the share of tax revenues and expenditures to GDP in Moldova already greatly exceed comparable international levels, generating additional domestic tax resources risks crowding out the private sector and undermining growth prospects. This suggests that in order to finance higher order public expenditures priorities, the Government needs to create fiscal space from within the existing resource envelope. This will require inter and intra-sectoral reallocation of expenditures and an increase in the efficiency of public spending rather than increasing the relative size of government. -
Publication
Republic of Korea : Accounting and Auditing
(Washington, DC, 2004-06-30)This report provides an assessment of accounting and auditing practices in the Republic of Korea (Korea). Korean Accounting Standards, which have been established by an independent standard setting body, the Korea Accounting Standards Board (KASB), are largely consistent with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Korean Auditing Standards, which have been established by the Korean Institute of Certified Public Accountants (KICPA), are a translation of the International Standards on Auditing. The statutory regulator's audit engagement reviews have been strengthened in the last few years. However, opportunities still exist for noncompliance with established accounting and auditing standards. The policy recommendations of this report focus on strengthening the monitoring and enforcement of established accounting, reporting, and auditing requirements. -
Publication
The Philippines : Accounting and Auditing
(Washington, DC, 2001-12-17)Historically, accounting and auditing in the Philippines has been heavily influenced by practices of the United States. More recently, efforts have been made to adapt International Accounting Standards and International Standards on Auditing to national circumstances. However, there are gaps between the current international standards and the applicable Philippine standards, and in compliance of Philippine standards. Established in 1929, the Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants (PICPA) is one of the oldest professional accountancy bodies in Asia. The passage of the Accountancy Act 1923 led to the creation of the Board of Accountancy, with authority to issue certificates for certified public accountants. The PICPA presently lacks effective mechanisms either for monitoring members' professional activities or for taking appropriate actions against errant members. There are gaps in the capacity of the SEC and the Central Bank to monitor and enforce rules and regulations with reference to accounting, auditing, and financial reporting by the enterprises under their regulatory authority. The Board of Accountancy, under the Professional Regulation Commission, has the authority and responsibility to regulate the accounting profession, but is handicapped by lack of resources. Policy recommendations to improve accounting and auditing practices in the Philippines were discussed and agreed by a group of national stakeholders at the conclusion of the accounting and auditing review exercise conducted in May - June 2001, under the joint World Bank-IMF Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) initiative.