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MIGA Annual Report 2023
(Washington, DC, 2023-10-17) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
Celebrating thirty-five years since its founding, in FY23 MIGA issued a record 6.4 billion in new guarantees across forty projects. Through these projects, the Agency remained focused on encouraging private investors to help host governments manage and mitigate political risks. In FY23, as it did during the COVID-19 pandemic, MIGA demonstrated its agility to respond to crisis, employing multiple products during the year to assist the embattled people of Ukraine following Russia’s invasion. An institution of the World Bank Group, MIGA is committed to strong development impact and supporting projects that are economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. MIGA helps investors mitigate the risks of restrictions on currency conversion and transfer, breach of contract by governments, expropriation, and war and civil disturbance. It also offers trade finance guarantees, as well as credit enhancement on obligations of sovereigns, sub-sovereigns, state-owned enterprises, and regional development banks.
A Roadmap for Climate Action in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2021-2025
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022) World Bank Group
In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) the rapidly changing climate is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather‑related events. The year 2020 saw the most catastrophic fire season over the Pantanal region and a record number of storms during the Atlantic cyclone season. Eta and Iota, two category 4 hurricanes, affected more than 8 million people in Central America, causing tens of billions of dollars in damage. In Honduras, annual average losses due to climate‑related shocks are estimated at 2.3 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). In rankings of the impacts of extreme weather events from 2000 to 2019, five Caribbean nations figure among the top 20 globally in terms of fatalities per capita, while in terms of economic losses as a share of GDP eight of the top 20 countries are in the Caribbean. Extreme precipitation events, which result in floods and landslides, are projected to intensify in magnitude and frequency due to climate change, with a 1.5°C increase in mean global temperature projected to result in an increase of up to 200 percent in the population affected by floods in Colombia, Brazil, and Argentina; 300 percent in Ecuador; and 400 percent in Peru. Climate shocks reduce the income of the poorest 40 percent by more than double the average of the LAC population and could push an estimated 2.4–5.8 million people in the region into extreme poverty by 2030.
Remarks at the Leaders’ Summit on Climate
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-04-22) Malpass, David
David Malpass, President of the World Bank, discussed the core plan of the World Bank’s climate change action plan. The World Bank Group has reached its highest-ever levels of climate finance in the past two years. The Bank plan commits to big increases in spending, focused on results, plus active private sector mobilization through International Finance Corporation (IFC) and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), the private sector focused entities. Also, the Bank is aligning the financing flows with the Paris Agreement. The Bank goal is to provide support, and take prompt action, in ways that create the most positive impact toward green, resilient, and inclusive development.
Emissions Trading in Practice, Second Edition: A Handbook on Design and Implementation
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-04) Partnership for Market Readiness; International Carbon Action Partnership
Currently, about 46 national jurisdictions and 35 cities, states, and regions, representing almost a quarter of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, are putting a price on carbon as a central component of their efforts to reduce emissions and place their growth trajectory on a more sustainable footing. An increasing number of these jurisdictions are approaching carbon pricing through the design and implementation of Emissions Trading Systems (ETS). As of 2021, ETSs were operating across four continents in 38 countries, 18 states or provinces, and six cities covering over 40 percent of global gross domestic product (GDP), and additional systems are under development. This handbook sets out a 10-step process for designing and implementing an ETS. These steps are interdependent, and the choices made at each step will have important repercussions for decisions in the other steps. In practice the process of ETS design will be iterative rather than linear. The need to adjust and adapt policies over time is reflected in the update of this handbook, which was first released in 2016. New insights, approaches, and designs have proliferated adjusting the way ETSs operate and further developing our understanding of them.
Remarks at the Climate Ambition Summit 2020
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-12-12) Malpass, David
World Bank Group President David Malpass spoke about the Climate change, poverty, and inequality–defining issues of our age. The global poor often suffer the most from climate events, including flooding, droughts and food insecurity. The World Bank Group is the biggest multilateral funder of climate investments in developing countries. Over the next five years, the Bank intends to go further, targeting thirty-five percent climate co-benefits on average across the World Bank Group. For IBRD and IDA, fifty percent of this climate finance will support adaptation and resilience. The Bank will support the Paris accord alignment by helping developing countries to achieve their NDCs, end their reliance on coal, and transition to lower-carbon, climate-resilient economies. He discussed the Coronavirus (COVID-19) response, targeting investment and policy financing that will help support a green, inclusive and resilient recovery. We cannot succeed in helping countries reduce poverty without rising to the challenges of climate change.
Carbon Markets for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction in a Warming World: An Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Support to Carbon Finance
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018-06-29) Independent Evaluation Group
Climate change is a threat to global development and to the core Mission of the World Bank Group. With the recognition that human activity drives global warming, the World Bank Group has pursued a long-term commitment to curb global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for more than 20 years. The purposes of this evaluation are to assess the role and contributions of the Bank Group in CF in relation to the needs and priorities of its client countries and its potential comparative advantages, and to draw lessons to inform the World Bank Group’s future strategic direction in CF. The evaluation aims to answer thefollowing overarching question: What has been the strategic objective, nature of engagement, and contribution of the Bank Group in supporting CF? What lessons can be drawn from this to inform the Bank Group’s strategic direction in supporting the next generation of marketbased carbon mitigation activities, given its potential comparative advantages?
Low-Carbon Development for Mexico
(World Bank, 2010) Johnson, Todd M.; Alatorre, Claudio; Romo, Zayra; Liu, Feng
One of the most compelling reasons for pursuing low-carbon development is that the potential impacts of climate change are predicted to be severe, for both industrial and developing countries, and that reducing greenhouse gas emissions can reduce the risk of the most catastrophic impacts. The challenge of reducing emissions is sobering: leading scientific models indicate that limiting the rise in global mean temperatures to less than two degree Celsius will require that global greenhouse gas emissions peak within the next 10-15 years and then fall by 2050 to levels about 50 percent lower than in 1990. Although many countries recognize the need to curtail carbon emissions, there is considerable uncertainty about how much this will cost in individual countries, what measures can be undertaken in both the short and longer term, and how cost-effective specific interventions are in reducing emissions. This study analyzes a range of energy efficiency options available in Mexico, including supply-side efficiency improvements in the electric power and oil and gas industries, and demand-side electricity efficiency measures addressing high-growth energy-consuming activities, such as air conditioning and refrigeration. It also evaluates a range of renewable energy options that make use of the country's vast wind, solar, biomass, hydro, and geothermal resources.