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Sistemas de gestión de información en salud en el Perú

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-08-29) World Bank

Los Sistemas de Gestión de Información en Salud (SGIS) se han convertido en un instrumento elemental para la operación óptima de los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. El Perú está desplegando esfuerzos por impulsar el avance de los SGIS y enfrenta grandes desafíos. Este documento busca sintetizar el diagnóstico y la ruta para solucionar los factores que inhiben el desarrollo saludable de los SGIS en el Perú. La propuesta está centrada en contribuir a la implementación de un SGIS que apoye al Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) a brindar un efectivo cuidado a la salud de las personas. Este cuidado se evalúa en términos de cobertura y calidad, acorde a las políticas de protección social del estado peruano. Desde esa perspectiva y siguiendo la dualidad de los SGIS en cuanto a sistemas administrativos y asistenciales, se plantea ese doble rol: como soporte (i) de las decisiones vinculadas a una mejor gestión administrativa de los recursos, la logística y el financiamiento y, por otro lado, (ii) de la prestación de servicios de salud, que evoluciona a un papel cada vez más protagónico, en la gestión clínica a través de la Historia Clínica Electrónica (HCE) y otras estrategias e instrumentos en el marco de la transformación digital. La estructura del documento, incluyendo el diagnóstico y recomendaciones, se da a lo largo de cinco capítulos. Luego de un primer capítulo introductorio, el Capítulo II: Antecedentes plantea una línea de base para el sector y los SGIS sobre la cual se desarrolla el resto del análisis. En el Capítulo III: Descripción de los SGIS en el Perú, se realiza descripción del estado de los SGIS en el Perú ahondando en la evolución de las reformas planteadas y los nudos críticos enfrentados. Los Capítulos IV y V realizan el diagnóstico y recomendaciones, respectivamente siguiendo la organización por componentes de un SGIS: Infraestructura, Infoestructura, Recursos Humanos, Utilización de Información y Gobernanza.
Remarks at the World Health Organization Media Briefing on COVID-19 and Vaccine Equity

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-06-01) Malpass, David

World Bank Group President David Malpass stated that the immediate priority is for countries that have sufficient supply to quickly release doses to countries that have vaccination deployment programs. He said that by the end of June, the World Bank will have approved vaccination operations in over 50 countries. It is vital to speed up the supply chain. The World Bank is providing transparent access to very detailed information about projects through an online portal available at https://www.worldbank.org/vaccines. He urged other development partners to publish detailed information about their vaccine financing and deployment programs and their delivery schedules. The World Bank is also working to expand supply and will be making announcements of investments by IFC, the World Bank Group’s private sector development arm.
Remarks at the Human Capital Conclave

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-04-05) Malpass, David

David Malpass, President of the World Bank, discussed the importance of investing in human capital for a green, resilient, and inclusive recovery from the Coronavirus disease crisis. He highlighted three important measures: 1) investing in people; 2) efficient expenditures and good governance; and 3) freeing up fiscal space.
Health at a Glance: Latin America and the Caribbean 2020

(Paris: OECD Publishing, 2020-12-21) OECD ; World Bank

This report presents key indicators on health and health systems in 33 Latin America and the Caribbean countries. This first Health at a Glance publication to cover the Latin America and the Caribbean region was prepared jointly by OECD and the World Bank. Analysis is based on the latest comparable data across almost 100 indicators including equity, health status, determinants of health, health care resources and utilisation, health expenditure and financing, and quality of care. The editorial discusses the main challenges for the region brought by the COVID‑19 pandemic, such as managing the outbreak as well as mobilising adequate resources and using them efficiently to ensure an effective response to the epidemic. An initial chapter summarises the comparative performance of countries before the crisis, followed by a special chapter about addressing wasteful health spending that is either ineffective or does not lead to improvement in health outcomes so that to direct saved resources where they are urgently needed.
Comparing Policy Responses to COVID-19 among Countries in the Latin American and Caribbean Region

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-12-16) Allin, S. ; Haldane, V. ; Jamieson, M. ; Marchildon, G. ; Morales Vazquez, M. ; Roerig, M.

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) accounts for over a quarter of the world's total cases, and a third of the total deaths, from the COVID-19 pandemic (1-3) (4). In the absence of a vaccine to prevent the transmission of the virus, LAC countries have introduced several public health, health system, and economic policies to reduce the spread and impacts of COVID-19 (4,5). However, contextual factors such as fragmented health systems, limited social safety nets, and high levels of informal employment and inequality have further challenged the response to the pandemic in many of these countries (4,6,7). Furthermore, these underlying conditions intensify the impact of COVID-19, particularly for the most disadvantaged, including the unemployed, informal, and low-income workers, many of whom live in overcrowded households (4,7). In this study, we aim to describe policy interventions in 10 LAC countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, to compare these responses based on the experiences in two relatively high-performing jurisdictions, South Korea and Uruguay, and to support cross-jurisdictional policy learning for pandemic preparedness in the LAC region through knowledge exchange activities.
Case Study on the Role of Primary Health Care in the SARS COV-2 Pandemic in Colombia: Initial Phase - Period of 11th of March to May 31st, 2020

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-12) World Bank Group

The reforms of the Colombian Health System in the last decade have sought to position primary health care (PHC) as an essential strategy to guarantee integrated and comprehensive care of the population’s health needs. The Primary Health Care approach includes three integrated, interdependent components: health services, intersectoriality, and social participation in terms of empowering individuals, families and communities to take charge of their own health. Within this conceptual framework, Colombia has tackled the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic formally announcedby the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. This report examines the role of PHC in Colombia›s preparation for, response to, and recovery from the pandemic. The main features of the pandemic affecting the country are described first, followed by observations stemming from analysis of the regulatory component, the healthcare services delivered, and the role of public health communication and surveillance. The report ends with conclusions on the analysis.
Primary Health Care Vital Signs Profile Assessment for Colombia

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-12) World Bank Group

Since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed, on March 6, 2020, the Primary Health Care (PHC) system in Colombia has been on trial, displayinga variability in governance capacity across the national territory. The response of the Colombian health system to COVID-19 and the role that PHChas played highlight several of its strengths and weaknesses. Barriers to access to health services related to distance and cost perceived by the Colombian population have steadily decreased since 2010, while barriers corresponding to perceived quality of services have remained relativelyconstant. Although barriers have been reduced and the availability of services has increased in the Health Service Delivery Institutions (HSDI) of the country, aspects related to the quality of care they provide continue to show weaknesses such as in the continuity of care, adherence of providers to clinical guidelines and aspects of patient safety. In the system, inequities of access, quality and coverage of PHC services persist throughout the national territory. To achieve a high-performing PHC system, this report proposes a series of recommendations, including: (a) Implement a new model of care focused on PHC, which offers a comprehensive package of services and reflects the health needs of the population; (b) Prepare the next generation of technicians and health professionals in PHC to work in multidisciplinary teams, and (c) Use PHC as a strategy to reduce inequities in health.
When We're Sixty-Four: Opportunities and Challenges for Public Policies in a Population-Aging Context in Latin America

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2020-10-02) Rofman, Rafael ; Apella, Ignacio

Latin American countries are in the midst of a demographic transition and, as a consequence, a population-aging process. Over the next few decades, the number of children will decline relative to the number of older adults. Population aging is the result of a slow but sustained reduction in mortality rates, given increases in life expectancy and fertility. These trends reflect welcome long-term improvements in welfare and in economic and social development. But this process also entails policy challenges: many public institutions—including education, health, and pension systems and labor market regulations—are designed for a different demographic context and will need to be adapted. When We’re Sixty-Four discusses public policies aimed at overcoming the two main challenges facing Latin American countries concerning the changing demographics. On one hand, older populations demand more fiscal resources for social services, such as health, long-term care, and pensions. On the other, population aging produces shifts in the proportion of the population that is working age, which may affect long-term economic growth. Aging societies risk losing dynamism, being exposed to higher dependency rates, and experiencing lower savings rates. Nonetheless, in the interim, Latin American countries have a demographic opportunity: a temporary decline in dependency rates creates a period in which the share of the working-age population, with its associated saving capacity, is at its highest levels. This constitutes a great opportunity in the short term because the higher savings may result in increases in capital endowment per worker and productivity. For that to happen, it is necessary to generate institutional, financial, and fiscal conditions that promote larger savings and investment, accelerating per capita economic growth in a sustainable way.
Building Human Capital for the Institutional Strengthening of the Nicaraguan Ministry of Health

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-07) Gordillo-Tobar, Amparo ; Herrera, Emilce ; Rodriguez, Evelyn

The Nicaraguan Ministry of Health of through the Health Education Directorate implements the Guideline 8 of the National Health Policy, which states the development of Human Talent as an essential axis for transforming the National Health System, because human resources are the most decisive factor for bringing about changes towards an effective, efficient and humanized approach to care. To do so, it has formulated staff education and training programs to help improve and deepen continuously the Family and community health model (MOSAFC) healthcare delivery and management model. Through the technical and financial support of the strengthening the public health care system project, the Ministry of Health (MINSA) implements a health continuing education process that includes in-service training, public health system workers' knowledge update, and community network training for midwives and voluntary collaborators.
Nicaragua: Integration of Natural Medicine and Complementary Therapies, Revival of Traditional Ancestral Medicine in Indigenous Peoples and Afro-descendants

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-07) Mendoza, Maria Jose ; Aviles, Maritza Ruiz ; Gordillo-Tobar, Amparo ; Colchao, Maria ; Herrera, Emilce ; Rodriguez, Evelyn

Since its inception in 2014, the Institute of Natural Medicine and Complementary Therapies (IMNTC) has set up a strategy for providing, promoting, and developing traditional and natural medicine and complementary therapies based on two key lines of action: revival of ancestral knowledge and practices of indigenous peoples and afro-descendants, and integration of IMNTC into the community and family health model (MOSAFC). Based on this and with World Bank (WB) - led technical and financial support under the Strengthening the Public Health Care System Project, the healthcare staff training plan is being implemented, along with the promotion, education, and dissemination of natural medicine, research, and the strengthening of complementary therapy and holistic pain management clinics nationwide.