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Sistemas de gestión de información en salud en el Perú
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-08-29) World Bank
Los Sistemas de Gestión de Información en Salud (SGIS) se han convertido en un instrumento elemental para la operación óptima de los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. El Perú está desplegando esfuerzos por impulsar el avance de los SGIS y enfrenta grandes desafíos. Este documento busca sintetizar el diagnóstico y la ruta para solucionar los factores que inhiben el desarrollo saludable de los SGIS en el Perú. La propuesta está centrada en contribuir a la implementación de un SGIS que apoye al Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) a brindar un efectivo cuidado a la salud de las personas. Este cuidado se evalúa en términos de cobertura y calidad, acorde a las políticas de protección social del estado peruano. Desde esa perspectiva y siguiendo la dualidad de los SGIS en cuanto a sistemas administrativos y asistenciales, se plantea ese doble rol: como soporte (i) de las decisiones vinculadas a una mejor gestión administrativa de los recursos, la logística y el financiamiento y, por otro lado, (ii) de la prestación de servicios de salud, que evoluciona a un papel cada vez más protagónico, en la gestión clínica a través de la Historia Clínica Electrónica (HCE) y otras estrategias e instrumentos en el marco de la transformación digital. La estructura del documento, incluyendo el diagnóstico y recomendaciones, se da a lo largo de cinco capítulos. Luego de un primer capítulo introductorio, el Capítulo II: Antecedentes plantea una línea de base para el sector y los SGIS sobre la cual se desarrolla el resto del análisis. En el Capítulo III: Descripción de los SGIS en el Perú, se realiza descripción del estado de los SGIS en el Perú ahondando en la evolución de las reformas planteadas y los nudos críticos enfrentados. Los Capítulos IV y V realizan el diagnóstico y recomendaciones, respectivamente siguiendo la organización por componentes de un SGIS: Infraestructura, Infoestructura, Recursos Humanos, Utilización de Información y Gobernanza.
Collapse and Recovery: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded Human Capital and What to Do about It
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023) Schady, Norbert; Holla, Alaka; Sabarwal, Shwetlena; Silva, Joana; Yi Chang, Andres
Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has been an enormous shock to mortality, economies, and daily life. But what has received insufficient attention is the impact of the pandemic on the accumulation of human capital—the health, education, and skills—of young people. How large was the setback, and how far are we still from a recovery? Collapse and Recovery estimates the impacts of the pandemic on the human capital of young children, school-age children, and youth and discusses the urgent actions needed to reverse the damage. It shows that there was a collapse of human capital and that, unless that collapse is remedied, it is a time bomb for countries. Specifically, the report documents alarming declines in cognitive and social-emotional development among young children, which could translate into a 25 percent reduction in their earnings as adults. It finds that 1 billion children in low- and middle-income countries missed at least one year of in-person schooling. And despite enormous efforts in remote learning, children did not learn during the unprecedentedly long school closures, which could reduce future lifetime earnings around the world by US$21 trillion. The report quantifies the dramatic drops in employment and skills among youth that resulted from the pandemic as well as the substantial increase in the number of youth neither employed nor enrolled in education or training. In all of these age groups, the impacts of the pandemic were consistently worse for children from poorer backgrounds. These losses call for immediate action. The good news is that evidence-based policies can recover these losses. Collapse and Recovery reviews governments’ responses to the pandemic, assessing why there was a collapse in human capital accumulation, what was missing in the policy architecture to protect human capital during the crisis, and how governments can better prepare to withstand future shocks. It offers concrete policy recommendations to recover losses in human capital—programs that will end up paying for themselves in the long term. To better prepare for future shocks such as climate change and wars, the report emphasizes the need for solutions that bring health, education, and social protection programs together in an integrated human development system. If countries fail to act, the losses in human capital documented in this report will become permanent and last for multiple generations. The time to act is now.
Comparing Policy Responses to COVID-19 among Countries in the Latin American and Caribbean Region
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-12-16) Allin, S.; Haldane, V.; Jamieson, M.; Marchildon, G.; Morales Vazquez, M.; Roerig, M.
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) accounts for over a quarter of the world's total cases, and a third of the total deaths, from the COVID-19 pandemic (1-3) (4). In the absence of a vaccine to prevent the transmission of the virus, LAC countries have introduced several public health, health system, and economic policies to reduce the spread and impacts of COVID-19 (4,5). However, contextual factors such as fragmented health systems, limited social safety nets, and high levels of informal employment and inequality have further challenged the response to the pandemic in many of these countries (4,6,7). Furthermore, these underlying conditions intensify the impact of COVID-19, particularly for the most disadvantaged, including the unemployed, informal, and low-income workers, many of whom live in overcrowded households (4,7). In this study, we aim to describe policy interventions in 10 LAC countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, to compare these responses based on the experiences in two relatively high-performing jurisdictions, South Korea and Uruguay, and to support cross-jurisdictional policy learning for pandemic preparedness in the LAC region through knowledge exchange activities.
Case Study on the Role of Primary Health Care in the SARS COV-2 Pandemic in Colombia: Initial Phase - Period of 11th of March to May 31st, 2020
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-12) World Bank Group
The reforms of the Colombian Health System in the last decade have sought to position primary health care (PHC) as an essential strategy to guarantee integrated and comprehensive care of the population’s health needs. The Primary Health Care approach includes three integrated, interdependent components: health services, intersectoriality, and social participation in terms of empowering individuals, families and communities to take charge of their own health. Within this conceptual framework, Colombia has tackled the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic formally announcedby the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. This report examines the role of PHC in Colombia›s preparation for, response to, and recovery from the pandemic. The main features of the pandemic affecting the country are described first, followed by observations stemming from analysis of the regulatory component, the healthcare services delivered, and the role of public health communication and surveillance. The report ends with conclusions on the analysis.
Protecting People and Economies: Integrated Policy Responses to COVID-19
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-05) World Bank
The COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed a global health emergency and an unprecedented economic crisis of historic magnitude. Governments facing this threat are in uncharted territory, but three policy priorities addressed in this note are clear. Disease containment is a first-order concern to combat the pandemic, and measures such as testing and tracing, coupled with isolating and treating the infected can bring first-order gains. The economic crisis requires a parallel and simultaneous effort to save jobs, protect income, and ensure access to services for vulnerable populations. As governments act to slow the pandemic and protect lives and livelihoods now, they will need to maintain macro stability, continue to build trust, and communicate clearly to avoid deeper downturns and social unrest. Looking forward, this crisis can be an opportunity to rethink policy to build back with stronger systems for people and economies.
Remarks from the G20 Finance Ministers Conference Call on COVID-19
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-03-23) Malpass, David
David Malpass, World Bank Group President, issued his remarks from the G20 Finance Ministers conference call, on the COVID-19 pandemic. These are difficult times for all, especially for the poorest and most vulnerable. For the World Bank Group, the first goal is to provide prompt support during the crisis, based on a country’s needs. It is also vital to shorten the time to recovery and create confidence that the recovery can be strong. On March 17, the World Bank and IFC Boards approved a USD14 billion package to respond to COVID-19. Of that, IFC is making USD8 billion available in relatively fast-acting financial support for private companies. IBRD and IDA will be making USD6 billion available in the near term to support health care. The Bank is currently restructuring existing projects in 23 countries, many of these through the use of contingent emergency response components. The Bank is also preparing projects in 49 countries in a new fast-track facility, with decisions expected this week on as many as 16 country programs. The World Bank’s Board will meet shortly, and it is expected that this first round of countries will provide a framework to quickly scale up over the next few weeks. The Bank and the IMF are ready to work quickly with official bilateral creditors and with other international organizations as partners to finalize a process by the Spring Meetings of our organizations in April.