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Enrollment and Eligibility Process of Brazil’s Auxílio Emergencial: Data Processing and Use of Administrative Registries

(Washington, DC, 2021-01) World Bank

In order to support the systematization of institutional learning processes provided by the implementation of Auxílio Emergencial in Brazil and disseminate the best practices derived from the Brazilian experience to social policy operators and administrators in other developing countries, the World Bank headed up a study on the social protection response to the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. Financed by the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), which is linked to the Foreign Secretary of the Government of the United Kingdom, this study was conducted at the request and with the cooperation of the Brazilian Government. This project encompasses the preparation of a main Report covering the stages of the Auxílio Emergencial, together with four Technical Notes exploring specific implementation aspects in greater depth. One of them addresses registration and eligibility verification strategies, which form the subject of this text.
When We're Sixty-Four: Opportunities and Challenges for Public Policies in a Population-Aging Context in Latin America

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2020-10-02) Rofman, Rafael ; Apella, Ignacio

Latin American countries are in the midst of a demographic transition and, as a consequence, a population-aging process. Over the next few decades, the number of children will decline relative to the number of older adults. Population aging is the result of a slow but sustained reduction in mortality rates, given increases in life expectancy and fertility. These trends reflect welcome long-term improvements in welfare and in economic and social development. But this process also entails policy challenges: many public institutions—including education, health, and pension systems and labor market regulations—are designed for a different demographic context and will need to be adapted. When We’re Sixty-Four discusses public policies aimed at overcoming the two main challenges facing Latin American countries concerning the changing demographics. On one hand, older populations demand more fiscal resources for social services, such as health, long-term care, and pensions. On the other, population aging produces shifts in the proportion of the population that is working age, which may affect long-term economic growth. Aging societies risk losing dynamism, being exposed to higher dependency rates, and experiencing lower savings rates. Nonetheless, in the interim, Latin American countries have a demographic opportunity: a temporary decline in dependency rates creates a period in which the share of the working-age population, with its associated saving capacity, is at its highest levels. This constitutes a great opportunity in the short term because the higher savings may result in increases in capital endowment per worker and productivity. For that to happen, it is necessary to generate institutional, financial, and fiscal conditions that promote larger savings and investment, accelerating per capita economic growth in a sustainable way.
Remarks at High-Level Event on Financing for Development in the Era of COVID-19 and Beyond

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-05-28) Malpass, David

David Malpass, World Bank Group President, spoke at the United Nations high-level event on financing for development in the era of Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Beyond. He spoke about two institutions, the IMF and World Bank working closely together on financial and economic challenges, including and especially those affecting the world’s poor. He highlighted on the announcement of milestone by IMF and World Bank Group that emergency health operations approved and up and running in over hundred developing countries. He described the new support programs that, in following weeks, will help developing countries overcome the pandemic and reclaim focus on growth and sustainable development. He invited the participants of the UN event to join the efforts with additional financing. He strongly welcomed the prompt support of the G20 countries for a suspension of debt service by all official bilateral creditors, which included G20 endorsement for comparable treatment by commercial creditors. He said that the World Bank Group is supporting countries that are participating in the moratorium. He welcomed President Xi Jinping’s recent commitment to China’s full participation in the debt moratorium. He invited commercial creditors to agree on terms of reference to encourage their participation, especially given the focus of the initiative on debt relief for the IDA countries, the world’s poorest. He mentioned that the UN’s call for Multilateral Development Bank debt suspension would be harmful to the world’s poorest countries. He spoke about the recent mischaracterizations by parts of the UN regarding the World Bank Group’s involvement as an observer to Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan’s negotiations regarding the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. He concluded by saying that the World Bank Group now has available COVID-19 financing programs in over one hundred developing countries, and invited use of those pathways to expand the financing of the health emergency and expand the response so that we can meet the full brunt of the crisis in the world’s poorest countries.
Protecting People and Economies: Integrated Policy Responses to COVID-19

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-05) World Bank

The COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed a global health emergency and an unprecedented economic crisis of historic magnitude. Governments facing this threat are in uncharted territory, but three policy priorities addressed in this note are clear. Disease containment is a first-order concern to combat the pandemic, and measures such as testing and tracing, coupled with isolating and treating the infected can bring first-order gains. The economic crisis requires a parallel and simultaneous effort to save jobs, protect income, and ensure access to services for vulnerable populations. As governments act to slow the pandemic and protect lives and livelihoods now, they will need to maintain macro stability, continue to build trust, and communicate clearly to avoid deeper downturns and social unrest. Looking forward, this crisis can be an opportunity to rethink policy to build back with stronger systems for people and economies.
Remarks at the 2019 UN High-Level Meeting on Universal Health Coverage

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-09-23) Malpass, David

David Malpass, President of the World Bank Group, spoke about the importance of accelerating progress toward universal health coverage (UHC), which is critical in alleviating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. He highlighted on the role of IDA in funding the low-income countries for healthcare. He stated that the IDA funding was not enough and estimated a financing gap to achieve UHC in fifty-four of the poorest countries. He proposed four priority areas to close that gap. He concluded by saying that the country leadership is critical to build a healthier, prosperous, promising future for their people.
Remarks from World Bank Group President David Malpass at the G20 Leaders Summit

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-06-29) Malpass, David

These remarks were delivered by David Malpass, President of the World Bank Group, at the G20 Leaders Summit held in Osaka, Japan. He spoke about how giving women better access to economic opportunities is critical to eliminate differences in living standards between men and women. He highlighted We-Fi which is so important and how the Bank was proud to celebrate its two-year anniversary in Osaka. He spoke about the developing countries and the Bank's role in actively identifying changes in the private sector environment that will attract investment and enable higher living standards and better lives. He explained the Bank's work in fragile states, such as the Sahel and the Horn of Africa, to help countries build stronger foundations so that young people are more able to stay rather than seeking to immigrate. He discussed reducing inequality and realizing inclusive and sustainable growth around the world, and how addressing these requires jobs, education, healthcare, attention to the environment, and robust commerce and trade among neighbors and nations. He concluded by saying that the Bank would continue to work with all the nations on these challenges.
Toward More Efficient and Effective Public Social Spending in Central America

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017-05-18) Acosta, Pablo A. ; Almeida, Rita ; Gindling, Thomas ; Lao Pena, Christine

Central America has come a long way both in terms of economic and political stability. Increasingly the region is focusing on implementing productivity-enhancing reforms as well as supporting reductions in poverty and inequality. This report analyzes recent trends in public social spending in Central America from 2007 to 2014, conducts international benchmarking, examines measures of the effectiveness and efficiency of social spending, and discusses the quality of selected institutions influencing this spending. We examine total social spending, as well as detailing its four components: public spending on the education, health, and social protection and labor (SPL) sectors. In analyzing public social spending, the report addresses three crucial policy issues: (a) how to improve the coverage and redistributional incidence of public social spending; (b) how to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of public social spending; and (c) how to strengthen the institutions governing public spending in the social sector. While based heavily on a series of recent analytical social spending studies in six countries in the subregion—Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama—this report also takes a broader regional perspective and includes some comparisons to countries in other regions.
Impact Evaluation in Practice, Second Edition

(Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank and World Bank, 2016-09-13) Gertler, Paul J. ; Martinez, Sebastian ; Premand, Patrick ; Rawlings, Laura B. ; Vermeersch, Christel M. J.

The second edition of the Impact Evaluation in Practice handbook is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to impact evaluation for policy makers and development practitioners. First published in 2011, it has been used widely across the development and academic communities. The book incorporates real-world examples to present practical guidelines for designing and implementing impact evaluations. Readers will gain an understanding of impact evaluations and the best ways to use them to design evidence-based policies and programs. The updated version covers the newest techniques for evaluating programs and includes state-of-the-art implementation advice, as well as an expanded set of examples and case studies that draw on recent development challenges. It also includes new material on research ethics and partnerships to conduct impact evaluation. The handbook is divided into four sections: Part One discusses what to evaluate and why; Part Two presents the main impact evaluation methods; Part Three addresses how to manage impact evaluations; Part Four reviews impact evaluation sampling and data collection. Case studies illustrate different applications of impact evaluations. The book links to complementary instructional material available online, including an applied case as well as questions and answers. The updated second edition will be a valuable resource for the international development community, universities, and policy makers looking to build better evidence around what works in development.
Central America Social Expenditures and Institutional Review: Nicaragua

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-08-30) World Bank

Nicaragua has had decent economic growth in the past decade, which has contributed to substantial poverty reduction (the largest in Central America), as well as improvements in human development indicators. Fiscal accounts have deteriorated recently, which may pose some challenges to the sustainability of current levels of financing for social sector expenditures. Better planning and monitoring of social spending are needed to improve Nicaragua’s budget management. While Nicaragua has a medium-term development plan, the use of results-oriented budget formulation is still in its early stages. Low and inefficient public spending in education, coupled with outdated legal and institutional frameworks and high dropout rates present are significant barriers to increasing enrollment and providing quality education. Progress in key areas such as child and maternal mortality, but lowest per capita health spending in Central America, as well as institutional and governance challenges limit coverage and quality of services. There is need for increased spending in social assistance interventions, better coordination among implementing agencies, and revised targeting to ensure decent coverage of programs among the poorest. Government policies also reflect the need for improved controls and implement social audits, which are considered a pillar of participatory governance. However, these still need to be implemented on a broader scale and publicly disseminated.
Central America Social Expenditures and Institutional Review: Guatemala

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-08-25) World Bank

Social spending in Guatemala needs to achieve efficiency gains and increase to minimum levels to meet basic human development objectives. Current levels are so low that fiscal reform (in revenue generation and spending allocation) is urgently needed so that the state can fulfill its mandated coverage and quality in social service provision. In the last ten years, Guatemala has had decent economic growth but failed to improve human development indicators or reduce poverty (which has increased). Low and inefficient public spending, coupled with outdated legal and institutional frameworks, are significant barriers to increasing enrollment and providing quality education. Moving forward, more efficient, equitable, and cost-effective public education spending will require some important policy and institutional changes, including greater use of the incipient monitoring and evaluation system. There is need for increased spending in social assistance interventions, better coordination among implementing agencies, and revised targeting to ensure decent coverage of programs among the poorest. On the institutional side, the launching of the Ministry of Social Development (MIDES) provided a platform to manage the different programs of the sector under one umbrella; however, MIDES has not yet been able to tackle technical deficiencies in implementation.