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Building Effective, Accountable, and Inclusive Institutions in Europe and Central Asia: Lessons from the Region

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06) Arizti, Pedro ; Boyce, Daniel J. ; Manuilova, Natalia ; Sabatino, Carlos ; Senderowitsch, Roby ; Vila, Ermal

Countries around the world are facing the need to build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions. There has never been a more important moment to tackle this agenda, as countries grapple with increasing fragility and migration flows, more complex service delivery requirements, and greater demands for transparency and inclusion, all in a more resource-constrained environment. Moreover, the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic crisis has provided new evidence of the need for effective, accountable, and inclusive government responses. Governments’ capacity to respond to these complex challenges is understandably stretched, but this has not limited the rise of citizens’ expectations. Instead, it has often increased tensions and, in some cases, has affected the trust between governments and their citizens. This publication builds on the World Bank’s vast engagement across ECA and on the 2019 regional governance conference. It consists of six chapters, each corresponding to one of the governance areas around which governments across the world organize their institutional functions. Each chapter contains background and analysis by World Bank specialists, complemented by country case studies authored by regional experts and policymakers.
Territorial Development in Argentina: Using Differentiated Policies to Reduce Disparities and Spur Economic Growth

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020) World Bank

The National Constitution puts forward an ambitious goal for the Federal Government: a balanced territorial development; this promise has yet to be fulfilled. Within a cooperative federalism structure - where power-sharing does not always lead to clear separation of responsibilities between federal and provincial governments - Argentina struggles with overlaps in responsibilities and lack of defined roles across different government levels, which makes it difficult to coordinate policies to close territorial development gaps.
Territorial Development in Argentina: Diagnosing Key Bottlenecks as the First Step Toward Effective Policy

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020) World Bank

Argentina’s population and economic activity is highly concentrated in few places, similar to global trends. But unlike countries like South Korea, the concentration of economic activity has not been balanced by successful efforts to improve living standards across the country. How can the government reduce development gaps across the national territory while at the same time supporting growth opportunities within a context of national fiscal deficit? Using a territorial development lens that allows the identification of challenges and opportunities at the sub-national level, this report provides a framework and diagnostics to understand Argentina through three dimensions of scale, specialization, and convergence. Chapter 1 explains the territorial development framework used for the analysis. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the economic geography of Argentina and the challenges the country faces along these three dimensions. Chapter 3 presents a closer look at two provinces, Salta and Jujuy, and puts them under the same lens. Chapter 4 summarizes the key messages of the report, providing benchmarking to compare Argentina to other countries around the world in scale, specialization, and convergence.
Colombia Policy Notes

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018-12-11) World Bank Group

It is critical for the new administration to boost the reform momentum, focusing on implementation and results. The new government will face the challenge of unifying a polarized society and meeting the population’s expectations and aspirations of peace, security, prosperity and reduced inequality. The policy notes presented here focus to a large extent on ways in which this implementation can be improved, putting forward specific recommendations to advance towards the main objective.
Migration from Venezuela to Colombia: Short- and Medium-Term Impact and Response Strategy

(World Bank, Colombia, 2018-11-02) World Bank Group

El presente análisis tiene como objetivo principal determinar los impactos sociales, sectoriales y económicos que la migración sostenida de personas desde Venezuela está teniendo en Colombia, particularmente en los principales municipios receptores. Esta migración sin precedentes está teniendo impactos significativos en las áreas receptoras, particularmente pronunciados por las difíciles condiciones socioeconómicas de los migrantes. Como consecuencia, la migración está poniendo presiones significativas en las instituciones, los sistemas de provisión de servicios, el mercado laboral y las dinámicas sociales de las áreas receptoras. En este contexto, el reporte ofrece opciones de política y programáticas para su adecuado manejo, basadas en buenas prácticas internacionales.
Afro-descendants in Latin America: Toward a Framework of Inclusion

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018-08-28) Freire, German ; Diaz-Bonilla, Carolina ; Schwartz Orellana, Steven ; Soler Lopez, Jorge ; Carbonari, Flavia

About one in four Latin Americans self-identify as Afro-descendants today. They comprise a highly heterogeneous population and are unevenly distributed across the region, but share a common history of displacement and exclusion. Despite significant gains over the past decade, Afro-descendants still are overrepresented among the poor and are underrepresented in decision-making positions, both in the private and the public sector. The extent to which Latin America will be able to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity will therefore depend, to a very large degree, on the social inclusion of Afro-descendants. The objective of this study is to deepen the region's empirical understanding of the drivers behind the persistent exclusion of the afro-descendants, as a first step to design appropriate solutions. The report proposes a framework to organize and think of the myriad options available to address their situations, based on the experience accumulated by the region and the data available.