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Country: Uruguay × Document Type: Publications & Research × Item Type: Publication × Topic: Health, Nutrition and Population ×

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    Research for Innovation in Health Systems - Improving the Management of Health Care Services for Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions in Three Latin American Countries: Brazil, Colombia and Uruguay - Key Messages
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-06-24) World Bank
    The accelerated aging of the Brazilian population, alongside the gradual increase in the concomitant occurrence of multiple chronic diseases in the same individual, brings important challenges to the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). n Colombia, during 2012 - 2016, multimorbidity had a prevalence of 19.5 percent for all ages, according to data from the study carried out by the World Bank and the Ministry of Health and Social Protection. The investigation also showed an increase in the use and cost of health services associated with older age and the complexity of multimorbidity, in an aging population that shifts its epidemiological profile towards chronic diseases. The expenditure with patients with multimorbidity in Uruguay is high. Persons with five or more of diseases (Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure, Diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Degenerative Neurological Disease) represent 8.44 percent of the total patient population, but their care accounts for 42.07 percent of the total expenditure, and 50.48 percent of the expenditure on medications.
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    Proposal to Optimize the Care Model for People with Chronic Diseases and Multimorbidity in Uruguay
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-06-20) World Bank
    The importance of Chronic Disease (CD) in Uruguay has been widely analyzed for many years and in multiple studies and reports 1, 2, 3. Its impact on mortality and its high cost of care was decisive in creating various health promotion and primary and secondary prevention strategies, whose impact has begun to be perceived in the change in trends in some specific areas, such as cardiovascular diseases. However, beyond measures to include specific programs and benefits for CD care and general organization guidelines for health services to satisfy the spontaneous demand generated by CD, there have not been many review initiatives of the care models for CD, especially about the multimorbidity problem, except for the development by the Ministry of Public Health (MPH) of the “Guide to Frailty in Older Adults: Practical Criteria and Research Instruments in The First Level of Care”, an aspect of great clinical relevance about both CD and multimorbidity for human resources and providers of the National Integrated Health System (NIHS). This document presents the work carried out in Uruguay, which culminates with the proposal of the Comprehensive Model of Care for Multimorbidity and includes the study’s results. As such, the authors present the general and specific objectives, the methodology for each of the proposed phases, the results and main contributions to the country and the region, and finally, future projections or possibilities.
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    Discrimination in Latin America : An Economic Perspective
    (Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank and World Bank, 2010) Moro, Andrea; Nopo, Hugo; Chong, Alberto; Nopo, Hugo; Chong, Alberto; Moro, Andrea
    The chapters presented in this volume adopt a variety of these methodological tools in order to explore the extent to which discrimination against women and demographic minorities is pervasive in Latin America. In chapter two, Castillo, Petrie, and Torero present a series of experiments to understand the nature of discrimination in urban Lima, Peru. They design and apply experiments that exploit degrees of information on performance as a way to assess how personal characteristics affect how people sort into groups. Along similar lines, in chapter three, Cardenas and his research team use an experimental field approach in Colombia to better understand pro-social preferences and behavior of both individuals involved in the provision of social services (public servants) and potential beneficiaries of those services (the poor). In chapter four, Elias, Elias, and Ronconi try to understand social status and race during adolescence in Argentina. They asked high school students to select and rank ten classmates with whom they would like to form a team and use this information to construct a measure of popularity. In chapters five and six, Bravo, Sanhueza, and Urzua present two studies covering different aspects of the labor market using different methodological tools. Based on an audit study by mail, their first study attempts to detect gender, social class, and neighborhood of residence discrimination in hiring practices by Chilean fir. In a second study, they use a structural model to analyze gender differences in the Chilean labor market. In chapter seven, Soruco, Piani, and Rossi measure and analyze possible discriminatory behaviors against international emigrants and their families remaining in southern Ecuador (the city of Cuenca and the rural canton of San Fernando). Finally, in chapter eight, Gandelman, Gandelman, and Rothschild use micro data on judicial proceedings in Uruguay and present evidence that female defendants receive a more favorable treatment in courts than male defendants.