C. Journal articles published externally
2,064 items available
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These are journal articles by World Bank authors published externally.
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Publication
Relationship of Freshwater Aquaculture Production to Renewable Freshwater Resources
(Taylor and Francis, 2012-05-25)At the country-level, freshwater aquaculture production was correlated (P 1,000 ton/km3 (n = 12). Most renewable freshwater isin countries with no freshwater aquaculture or low AFR; countries with high AFR contain 11.1% of global renewable freshwater. By FAO region, AFR values were: Oceania,1.56 ton/km3; Latin America and Caribbean, 31.1 ton/km3; North America, 50.0 ton/km3; Europe, 68.7 ton/km3; Africa, 84.1 ton/km3; and Asia, 2,409 ton/km3. Renewable freshwater appears adequate for considerable expansion of aquaculture, especially outside Asia. -
Publication
Rising Food Prices and Coping Strategies : Household-level Evidence from Afghanistan
(Taylor and Francis, 2012-02-28)This article investigates the impact of rising wheat prices on household food security in Afghanistan. Exploiting a unique nationally-representative household survey, we find evidence of large declines in the real value of per capita food consumption. Smaller price elasticities with respect to calories than with respect to food consumption suggest that households trade off quality for quantity as they move away from nutrient-rich foods such as meat and vegetables toward staple foods. Our work improves upon country-level simulation studies by providing estimates of actual household food security during a price shock in one of the world's poorest, most food-insecure countries. -
Publication
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) Projects : Lessons for Future Policy Design and Implementation
(Taylor and Francis, 2012-01-24)In response to the pressing global challenges of climate change, initiatives under the auspices of ‘reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation’ (REDD) have been implemented in over 30 developing and least-developed countries since 2005. The initiatives cover nearly every significant and vulnerable forest ecosystem worldwide. In this study we review six representative initiatives, two each from Africa, Asia and Latin America. Strength, weakness, opportunity and threat analysis is done to evaluate each initiative's policy framework, design, implementation and results thus far. The main policy and project implementation factors that appear to lead to effective and successful REDD project outcomes include having clearly formulated project design; governance, land tenure rights and capacity; equity and transparency; indigenous peoples' rights and knowledge; local–international coordination; and enhancing local and institutional capacities. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for future REDD policy action and project implementation to make it work for the poor and achieve its intended goals. -
Publication
Seasonal Migration to Mitigate Income Seasonality : Evidence from Bangladesh
(Taylor and Francis, 2011-12-19)In north-west Bangladesh, some 36 per cent of poor households migrate every year during the lean (monga) period to cope with seasonal deprivation. Analysis of household survey data shows that the probability of seasonal migration is high for households with a high dependency ratio, high dependency on wage employment, and in villages with high unemployment; but low in villages with microcredit access. Findings show that seasonal migration helps households to smooth consumption and that non-migrant households who suffer during monga would likely benefit from deciding to migrate. But the cost of migration and lack of networking are potential barriers. -
Publication
The Structure and Composition of a Tropical Dry Forest Landscape After Land Clearance : Azuero Peninsula, Panama
(Taylor and Francis, 2011-11-14)Characterization of preexisting flora is an essential preliminary step for successful land rehabilitation projects. This descriptive study was undertaken in a fragmented, dry tropical forest region in Panama. Five different habitat types were selected: active pasture, 2-yr and 5-yr abandoned pastures, forested riparian zones, and a forest fragment. Species richness, density, basal area, dispersal modes, and phenology of trees as well as their uses were determined. Diversity of preexisting seed resources as well as natural regeneration was poor after 2- and 5-yr postcattle removal, suggesting that at an early successional stage, enrichment planting is necessary. Guazuma ulmifolia and Cordia alliodora dominated the pastoral landscape, representing 63% of all inventoried trees in the active pasture. More than half the trees within pastures (76%) had some use, with shade for cattle as the most common reason for leaving trees in the landscape. The largest trees and the greatest diversity were found within the less managed forested riparian zones because of inaccessibility and water conservation. The pastoral landscape is largely shaped by farm management as well as ecological selection process which will in turn affect successional processes. -
Publication
Toward an Agenda for Improving Wastewater Use in Agriculture
(Taylor and Francis, 2011-08-10)This paper sets out the trends and challenges of wastewater use in agriculture; identifies the risks and benefits of wastewater irrigation; describes the risk-assessment and management framework adopted by the World Health Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and other international and national organizations; and proposes measures for applying the framework to reduce health risks by moving from unplanned to a planned, integrated, approach to wastewater use for irrigation.