Other ESW Reports

298 items available

Permanent URI for this collection

https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2209
This includes miscellaneous ESW types and pre-2003 ESW type reports that are subsequently completed and released.

Filters

2020 - 20242
Browse document type tree
Reset filters

Settings

Statistics
Citations
Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 13: Climate Action × Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy × Has files: true × Start date: 2020 ×

Items in this collection

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Transmission Pricing Methodologies for use in the Pan-Arab Electricity Market
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-22) Kamh, Mohamed Zakaria; Alhaddad, Waleed Tayseer; Bowman, Doug
    The Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed in 2017 sets the vision and governance framework for establishing a Pan-Arab Electricity Market (PAEM). The signing of the MOU officially launched a five-stage development plan. The World Bank has engaged with the League of Arab States (LAS) to support establishing the envisaged PAEM and enhance the enabling environment for advancement of trade in the region. In this regard, detailed market rules and a formal transmission pricing regime have not yet been developed for the approval of the Arab Ministerial Council for Electricity (AMCE). Few, if any, PAEM countries have unbundled their domestic electricity markets and introduced competition via a fair and open transmission access and pricing regime with multiple buyers and sellers. For this and other reasons, cross-border electricity trade among the countries in the Pan Arab region has been limited, and only 5–7 percent of cross-border interconnection capacity is utilized. Electricity trade in the Pan-Arab region is generally negotiated between governments on a country-to-country basis. Transmission pricing is for the most part ignored (trade takes place only when adequate transmission capacity is available), except in cases when third-party transit/ wheeling is involved, e.g., Jordan and the United Arab Emirates. In such cases, the involved countries enter into a wheeling arrangement for each individual trade, an inefficient and time-consuming process and a deterrent to cross-border electricity trade. Historically, countries have been paid for providing wheeling service, but the pricing formula for wheeling has not been transparent or published. A transparent and uniform approach to pricing third party wheeling transactions is needed to eliminate one of the many barriers to electricity trade in the region. The purpose of this report is twofold: 1. Provide background material on what constitutes mainstream regulatory practice with respect to transmission tariff design to inform and guide the Pan-Arab Advisory and Regulatory Committee (ARC), the Arab Transmission System Operators (TSOs) Committee, and PAEM stakeholders on transmission tariff design as the PAEM evolves. 2. Propose a simple transmission tariff design for pricing wheeling transactions between PAEM members in the near term. The recommended wheeling tariff design is an option among others than can be used by the Pan Arab ARC , when established, in its review and approval of transmission tariffs applied to trade in the PAEM.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Supporting the Implementation of Residential Heating Measures in Bulgaria’s National Air Quality Improvement Program and National Air Pollution Control Program
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06) World Bank
    These programs have been prepared by the Government of Bulgaria (GoB) with technical support by the World Bank. In the course of the work it became clear that national and local institutions would face multi- faceted challenges in implementing the NAQIP and NAPCP, relating mainly to overcoming financial, administrative, and technical difficulties. The swift evolution of EU policy frameworks for countering climate change, improving energy security, reducing energy poverty, as well as the need to improve health and wellbeing in Bulgaria, add to those challenges though they may be regarded instead as presenting significant economic opportunities. The NAQIP proposes measures for phasing out the use of thermally inefficient, polluting old stoves and boilers that burn solid fuels, replacing them with cleaner, more efficient heating arrangements. It is expected that the measures will reduce PM10 emissions from the residential heating sector by about 78 percent. Other measures target the road transport sector though its contribution to local emissions is minor in comparison. The NAPCP focuses on meeting air pollutant emission targets for 2030 as required in the Revised NECD. NAQIP measures to reduce PM10 emissions from the residential heating sector are incorporated in full in the NAPCP. Other sectors where policies and measures to reduce emissions were considered have included large combustion plants in the power generation and industrial sectors, road transport, agriculture, and industrial processes. The preparation of these two programs was complemented by capacity strengthening, including the development of tools to help municipalities undertake essential planning and project preparation. All guidance documentation to accompany the tools were collated to form a Resource Toolkit. Communication and coordination issues were also tackled in the engagement.