Other ESW Reports

308 items available

Permanent URI for this collection

https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2209

This includes miscellaneous ESW types and pre-2003 ESW type reports that are subsequently completed and released.

Items in this collection

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Green Competitiveness in Ethiopia: An Overview of How Environmental and Climate Factors Increasingly Shape Ethiopia's Economic Outlook in Selected Value Chains
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-11-12) World Bank
Environmental and climate factors play an increasing role in shaping Ethiopia’s economic competitiveness, and this report aims to provide an overview of these shifts. This novel report is a high-level assessment of how certain factors could affect Ethiopia’s economic competitiveness: (i) supply side impacts of climate change and environmental degradation, and (ii) demand-side changes caused by a growing number of sustainability requirements in key export markets, notably sustainability regulations and decisions by international buyers. Concentrating on four sectors that are both critical to Ethiopia’s economy and exposed to environmental and climate factors - coffee, textiles and garments, cut flowers, and aviation - illustrates these shifts. The objective is to identify cross-cutting trends of how sustainability factors affect Ethiopia’s economic competitiveness, but the sector-specific angle helps identify pressing challenges that policy makers in Ethiopia need to address. Note that the selected sectors are used to illustrate the trends described in this report and do not imply a recommended prioritization. Many other sectors essential to Ethiopia’s green transformation are not discussed. Moreover, although the report acknowledges that social and environmental aspects are deeply intertwined, it does not cover topics such as occupational health and safety, inclusion, living wages, and gender rights. The assessment applies a mixed methods approach by drawing on insights from interviews with experts conducted online and in person in Ethiopia (conducted mainly between November 2023 and April 2024), analysis of trade and economic data, and an extensive literature review. This report underlines the macro criticality of green competitiveness for Ethiopia, embedded in the wider economic and political context.
Playbook for Enabling Civilian Drone Operations
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-08-09) Anderson, Edward; Ochoa, Catalina; Engelmann, Gregor; Guerin, David; Soesilo, Denise; Juskauskas, Tautvydas; Slater, Jonathan; Osman Ali, Aymen
Emerging economies worldwide are on the rise in terms of both rapidly growing economies and younger populations. The labor force across many countries is also doubling, with millions of young people seeking opportunities. Much of this growth focuses on Metropolitan areas in Africa, with most Africans expected to live in urban areas by 2035. Ensuring this growth is shared broadly will be a crucial challenge, as rural areas, home to most of the world’s poor, cannot be left behind. In Africa, only 34 percent of citizens live within 2km of an all-weather road compared to over 90 percent in East Asia. The visible results are higher costs for goods and services, long wait times for deliveries, reduced productivity of rural facilities, and fewer opportunities for rural citizens. Bridging the gap between urban and rural in a way that brings greater reach and resilience to hard-to-reach communities requires us to rethink how to deliver mobility and set up supply chains better. Drones provide an opportunity to overcome persistent infrastructure deficiencies and address the needs and demand for more specialized transport and logistics, digitalization, and other services. They can support delivery operations to smaller airfields and hard-to-reach communities and operations in more hazardous conditions. Enabling safe, efficient and scalable drone operations will require new infrastructure and policy and regulatory reforms, greater engagement with specialized private operators, cross-sectoral and cross-governmental collaboration, and the leveraging of different investment streams to deliver and ensure efficient use of opportunities afforded by drones. This guidebook brings together experiences and lessons learned from a range of initiatives and operations within the context of the African experience of drone operations. In doing so, it provides detailed guidance and recommendations regarding the needed infrastructure, regulations, and management approaches that underpin the establishment of enabling ecosystems conducive to drone operations anywhere internationally. The World Bank looks forward to working closely with governments, the private sector, and other Development Partners to unlock the lower skies and bring the region’s development visions to life.
Livelihoods Lost - Findings from two rounds of the Somalia Displacement Phone Survey (2022)
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-19) World Bank
Displacement features prominently in Somalia and is characterized by complex and interconnected conflict, economic, and climatic factors. Millions of people have been displaced internally within the country over the past years. Somalia also hosts 38,463 refugees or asylum-seekers from a variety of countries of origin, while some 8,993 former refugees have returned between 2020 and 2004 with assistance from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (UNHCR, 2024). Among internally displaced people (IDPs), more than half were displaced from 2016 onwards following five consecutive failed rainy seasons in much of the country (UNHCR, 2023). They often live alongside refugee returnees, particularly those from Kenya, as well as refugees and asylum seekers, the majority from Yemen and Ethiopia. These populations endure precarious livelihood and food security conditions, overcrowded environments with limited access to essential services and face an increased risk of gender-based violence, loss of productive assets and strained relations with host communities.
Unblocking Transformative Development in Amman: A Way Forward for Planning Law Reform
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-05-31) Berrisford, Stephen; Alexander, Christian; Jonker, Vivienne; Kaw, Jon Kher
Amman sits at a crossroads. The city's growth presents new opportunities for development that can be both efficient and sustainable. However, rapid urbanization also strains public infrastructure and services, and could result in unsustainable urban patterns that can only be fixed later only with great effort. The Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) needs the right tools and systems to properly guide new development and recoup sufficient revenues to re-invest in meeting the needs of residents and businesses. Unfortunately, the current legal framework governing land development in Amman is outdated and does not meet the city's current needs. Recent legislation has provided GAM with the opportunity to put in place much needed legal structures at the local level, while the national government works on implementing broader reforms. But this work has to be focused and efficient if it is to be effective. Unless GAM makes critical legal changes the city will continue to face significant challenges in guiding urban growth or raising revenues to pay for services and infrastructure. GAM is currently working on these reforms, which are critical to setting Amman on the right path towards more sustainable development. This report reviews the Greater Amman Municipality’s (GAM) urban planning, land use and governance legal framework to identify any gaps and propose ways in which the laws could be improved, so that GAM can better meet the development demands of Amman.
Charting a Course for Sustainable Hydrological and Meteorological Observation Networks in Developing Countries
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022) Grimes, David R.; Rogers, David P.; Schumann, Andreas; Day, Brian F.
Over the past 20 years, developing countries have invested in upgrading hydrological and meteorological networks, often with the assistance of development partners. In most of these projects, the share of the investment in the modernization of networks has been between 40 and 50 percent of the total project costs. The objectives of these initiatives have been to create reliable analyses, numerical predictions, and forecasts to inform early action, response, and planning across the whole of society. In some countries, monitoring networks have been sustained and improved over the decades. But in others, maintaining them operationally has remained elusive, resulting not only in inoperable or poorly maintained observational infrastructure and systems but also in a failure to realize the intended benefits. Why did some succeed where others did not That is a question that this report tries to answer by exploring the underpinnings of the successes and the possibilities of replicating these successes elsewhere, and thereby contribute to the body of knowledge on observation networks. This report aims to facilitate the development of more strategic and viable roadmaps for investments in weather and climate observation networks where those investments are likely to be substantial in the coming decades, as countries improve resilience to natural hazards and economies transform in response to climate change challenge.