Other Rural Study

112 items available

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https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2207

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Scaling Up Rural Sanitation and Hygiene in Indonesia
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-06-06) World Bank
This report is a synthesis of the technical assistance (TA) Scaling Up Rural Sanitation and Hygiene in Indonesia, carried out by the World Bank - Water and Sanitation Program (WSP). It was developed in consultation with the Directorate of Environmental Health, Directorate General of Public Health and Centre for Health Promotion of the Ministry of Health (MoH) and with key institutions in the focus provinces in West Java, Central Java, East Java, Bali, and West Nusa Tenggara. Reform in the rural sanitation sub-sector began in 2005 following the successful introduction of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) in 6 districts. In 2007, the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) supported the Ministry of Health (MoH) to complement the use of CLTS with behavior change communication (BCC) and development of the sanitation market. This new approach was piloted at scale in 28 out of 29 districts in East Java Province in 2007-2011 under the Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing (TSSM) TA. Impressive results were achieved in just ten months, with 262 villages becoming Open Defecation Free (ODF). In response, MoH adopted the district-wide approach in 2008 and launched a new rural sanitation development strategy called Community-Based Total Sanitation (Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat) or STBM. The STBM strategy has three elements: demand creation through CLTS and BCC; supply chain improvement through developing the local sanitation market; and creation of and enabling environment through advocacy for local formal and informal regulations and resource mobilization. This project was was also complementary to a large-scale World Bank-funded program called PAMSIMAS, which has evolved from a project to a national platform through which the government intends to reach its newly adopted target of universal access to water supply and sanitation by 2019. Some of the key results and achievements are as follows : i) Well-functioning STBM Secretariat set up to co-ordinate STBM implementation nationwide, ii) Local government capacity in implementing STBM through demand creation, supply improvement and enabling environment increased, and iii) More effective STBM implementation at provincial and district Level. Some of the lesson learned: i) A capacity building framework to strengthen institutions at all levels is key for scaling up in a decentralized environment; ii) Well-crafted advocacy and communications are valuable for disseminating tested approaches and facilitating their adoption at scale; iii) Engagement of a range of institutions also strengthens campaign outreach; iv) An effective monitoring system is invaluable and it use should be formally integrated into the routine operations of government agencies; v) Local government can help to develop the rural sanitation market; and vi) The scaling up tested approaches can be enhanced greatly through their incorporation into established programmes.
Cambodia Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Improvement Support: Synthesis Report
(2016-05-26) World Bank
This synthesis report documents the implementation process, results and lessons learned under a three-year Technical Assistance (TA) program undertaken by the Water and Sanitation Program of the World Bank’s Water Global Practice (WSP) in Cambodia between May 2013 and June 2016. It also presents recommendations for the government on key steps to accelerate service delivery at scale for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (RWSSH) and for the World Bank to strategically engage in the sector. For comprehensiveness, annexes are attached that include key supporting documentation, and resources and deliverables developed under this TA are also provided in the resource pack (the resource pack is linked to Box folder which is available upon request).
Socialist Republic of Vietnam Scaling Up Rural Sanitation: Enabling Environment, Capacity Building System, Evidence Based Learning and Lesson Sharing
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-04-26) World Bank
This report concerns two streams of Technical Assistance provided by the World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) to the Government of Vietnam. They are: strengthening the enabling environment, capacity building systems and evidence-based learning and lesson sharing. Strengthening demand creation and supply chain development together these TAs make up a support program to assist the Government of Vietnam, particularly the Ministry of Health (MOH) in accelerating progress on sanitation under the third National Target Program on Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (NTP3). WSP has supported the government to improve the enabling environment for sanitation service delivery; strengthen rural sanitation supply chains; generate demand for improved sanitation; and inform service delivery models through knowledge and learning. The TAs began in Dec 2012 and are due to end in Jun 2016. This report documents the results and lessons learned from the TA, and makes recommendations for future activities in support of rural sanitation.
Socialist Republic of Vietnam Scaling Up Rural Sanitation: Strengthening Demand Creation and Supply Chain
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-04-26) World Bank
This report concerns two streams of Technical Assistance provided by the World Bank Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) to the Government of Vietnam. They are: strengthening the enabling environment, capacity building systems and evidence-based learning and lesson sharing. Strengthening demand creation and supply chain development together these TAs make up a support program to assist the Government of Vietnam, particularly the Ministry of Health (MOH) in accelerating progress on sanitation under the third National Target Program on Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (NTP3). WSP has supported the government to improve the enabling environment for sanitation service delivery; strengthen rural sanitation supply chains; generate demand for improved sanitation; and inform service delivery models through knowledge and learning. The TAs began in Dec 2012 and are due to end in Jun 2016. This report documents the results and lessons learned from the TA, and makes recommendations for future activities in support of rural sanitation.
Sanitation Marketing in Lao People's Democratic Republic
(Washington, DC, 2016-03-29) World Bank
This report summarizes the results, lessons and recommendations to the Government of Lao PDR from two Technical Assistance projects (TA) “Supporting Demand Creation for Sanitation through Community Led Total Sanitation” and “Sanitation Marketing in Lao PDR” carried out by the World Bank’s Water and Sanitation Program between October 2012 and December 2015. The development objective of the TAs was to increase improved sanitation and hygiene practices and change community behavior to achieve Open Defecation Free (ODF) status at the village level. This report documents the results and lessons learned from the TA program that includes experiences both from government-led rural sanitation service delivery within two provinces in Southern Lao PDR (Champasak and Sekong) , as well as from national-level engagement to strengthen systems, tools and capacity building approaches for scaling-up rural sanitation service delivery. The report makes recommendations to government on how - with the support of development partners – the effectiveness and scale of rural sanitation services can be increased to achieve sustainable sanitation outcomes for the rural population of Lao PDR. It also proposes recommendations for the engagement of the World Bank Water Practice in the sector in support of rural sanitation service delivery, aligned with lending operations,notably the Poverty Reduction Fund (PRF3) and the Health Governance and Nutrition Development Project (HGNDP). In addition a number of important learnings at implementation level are highlighted, so that operational processes can be improved to make last-mile delivery more effective and efficient.
Rural Development in Haiti: Challenges and Opportunities
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2014-09-01) Coello, Barbara; Oseni, Gbemisola; Savrimootoo, Tanya; Weiss, Eli
The objective of this report is to examine the linkages between rural economic activity, food insecurity and poverty in Haiti as a means of determining the barriers to rural development. The analysis draws on a newly available set of house-hold level living standards measurement data collected in 2012 (ECVMAS). About 70.7 percent of all rural households are poor, and education levels are low with an average of 2.8 years of education for the household head. Agriculture dominates economic activity (78 percent of all households are involved in agricultural activities), although almost 25 percent of the agricultural households supplement their agricultural income by engaging also in some type of nonfarm activity. Overall nonfarm activity participation (including households that engage in agricultural activities and households that do not) is reported at 46 percent. Nonfarm activities can be related to agriculture upstream (input supply) or downstream (value-adding and processing), or they can be unrelated to the sector (retailing). This report identifies the main factors of production that correlate with increased productivity in the agricultural sector and examines the determinants of nonfarm participation, poverty and food security within rural Haiti. The information and analysis presented in this report point to two priority areas for rural development interventions in Haiti: (i) promoting diversification of livelihoods sources among rural households, and (ii) improving the performance of rural markets for inputs and outputs.
Rural Road Development in India : An Assessment of Distribution of PMGSY Project Benefits in Three States by Gender and Ascribed Social Groups
(Washington, DC, 2014-06-12) World Bank
In 2000, the Government of India launched the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (hereinafter PMGSY) with the primary objective of providing all-weather road connectivity (with necessary culverts and cross-drainage structures operable throughout the year), to eligible unconnected habitations in rural areas. Currently, about 60 percent of the 170,000 eligible habitations have a road. By the end of 2010, expenditures for the program had amounted to about US$14.6 billion, and a further US$40 billion is estimated to be required to complete the program by 2020 (World Bank, 2010). The PMGSY program is a very large undertaking with the World Bank also being involved in its financing and execution all along; the most recent credit amounted to US$1.4 billion. This report summarizes findings based on data collected as part of the primary survey, coupled with findings from the qualitative survey which included focus group discussions (FGDs). It highlights findings which answer the six key questions which are relevant to decision makers as evidence to improve existing and proposed programs and for further policy dialogue. This is a short version of a separate detailed report which in addition to the key findings of the quantitative and qualitative surveys has annexes on key impacts and detailed findings by state. The detailed analysis and tables generated are part of the full statistical analysis report by international consultants and the preliminary findings report which will serve as background reports for reference as required. It is hoped that the report(s) will make a useful contribution to the process of drawing up recommendations to improve PMGSY's impact in the sphere of ascriptive distribution - in short, on its 'inclusiveness'.
Randomized Impact Evaluation of Afghanistan's National Solidarity Programme: Final Report
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2013-07-01) Beath, Andrew; Christia, Fotini; Enikolopov, Ruben
The National Solidarity Programme (NSP) is the largest development program in Afghanistan. Since its inauguration in 2003, NSP has established 32,000 Community Development Councils (CDCs) across 361 districts in all of Afghanistan's 34 provinces and has financed nearly 65,000 development projects. NSP seeks to improve the access of rural villagers to basic services and to create a foundation of village governance based on democratic processes and female participation. The program is structured around two major village-level interventions: 1) the creation of a gender-balanced CDC through a secret-ballot, universal suffrage election; and 2) the disbursement of block grants, valued at $200 per household up to a community maximum of $60,000, to fund village-level projects selected, designed, and managed by the CDC in consultation with villagers. The NSP Impact Evaluation (NSP-IE) is a multi-year randomized control trial designed to measure the effects of implementation of the second phase of NSP on a broad range of economic, political, and social indicators. While there have been a number of qualitative studies of NSP, the NSP-IE is the first large-sample quantitative assessment capable of providing rigorous estimates of program impact. The study tests a series of hypotheses which examine the impacts at midline and end line of NSP on the access of villagers to utilities, services and infrastructure; on the economic welfare of villagers; on local governance; on political attitudes and state-building; and on social norms. NSP improves the access of villagers to basic utilities. NSP also increases access to education, health care, and counseling services for women. As NSP does not usually fund such services, these impacts arise indirectly from other changes induced by NSP. NSP increases girls' school attendance and their quality of learning, but there is no impact on boys' school attendance. NSP also increases child doctor and prenatal visits and the probability that an illness or injury is attended to by a medical professional, although does not affect other health outcomes. Finally, NSP raises the proportion of women who have a group or person with whom they can discuss their problems. NSP-funded utilities projects deliver substantial increases in access to drinking water and electricity, but infrastructure projects are less effective.
ICT in Agriculture : Connecting Smallholders to Knowledge, Networks, and Institutions
(Washington, DC, 2011-11) World Bank
The livelihoods of the world's poor rise and fall with the fate of agriculture. Enhancing the ability of smallholders to connect with the knowledge, networks, and institutions necessary to improve their productivity, food security, and employment opportunities is a fundamental development challenge. Where once rural areas were largely disconnected from the greater world, today, networks of information and communication technologies (ICTs) enmesh the globe and represent a transformational opportunity for rural populations, both as producers and consumers. However, climate change and price fluctuations in the global food market remind us that realizing this opportunity requires a long-term commitment to mobilizing appropriate resources and expertise. It is for this reason that we are particularly pleased to introduce the ICT in agriculture e-sourcebook. This resource was designed to support practitioners, decision-makers, and development partners who work at the intersection of ICT and agriculture. The authors hope is that it becomes a practical guide in understanding current trends, implementing appropriate interventions, and evaluating the impact of those programs. It combines cutting-edge expertise in ICT with empirical knowledge of a wide range of agricultural sectors, from governance to supply chain management. As an online knowledge source, it will continue to evolve and be updated to reflect the emerging and changing challenges and opportunities facing the sector. This activity was carried out as part of the program on creating sustainable businesses in the knowledge economy, for which the Government of Finland provided generous support. The publication represents a partnership of infoDev and the Agriculture and Rural Development Department of the World Bank Group, with significant contributions from outside experts.
Madagascar: Reforming Land Administration and Management for Equitable Growth and Social Cohesion
(Washington, DC, 2010-03) World Bank
A well-functioning land administration and management system is crucial for Madagascar's economic and social future. Land is implicated in Madagascar's ongoing economic development and social transformation in many important ways, as key a factor in its quest for economic growth, urbanization, transparent decision-making on land-related foreign investments, environment protection, vibrant and sustainable rural communities, political stability, and social cohesion. Striking a balance among different, and sometimes even competing, roles played by land in the economic and social development process is a daunting challenge facing the Government. It is not an exaggeration to argue that soundness of land administration and management system will play a crucial role in determining the shape and trajectory of Madagascar's economic and social future. Madagascar's quest for overall economic growth, urbanization, sustainable rural development, environment protection, and social cohesion calls for a transparent, inclusive, equitable, efficient, and service-oriented land administration and management system. This policy note presents six policy recommendations aiming to help the Government to continue and deepen land tenure reform. All these six policy recommendations are made based on a review of the history of the Malagasy land institution, an assessment on the implementation of the national land tenure reform program since 2005, and an examination on the major remaining land-related challenges. International experiences have also been introduced whenever they are relevant. It is believed that now is a good time for the Government of Madagascar to tackle these challenges and consider these policy recommendations.