Other Rural Study
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Publication Standing Out from the Herd: An Economic Assessment of Tourism in Kenya(World Bank, Nairobi, 2017-09-01) World BankIn recent years, the prospects of Kenya’s tourism industry have been clouded by a perfect storm of misfortunes – insecurity, growing global competition, and unsustainable tourism development. It is in this context that the potential and actual contribution of the tourism sector to the country’s development has been questioned, with claims that tourism contributes less to the Kenyan economy than commonly thought. This report is arranged as follows: Chapter 1 identifies linkages with sectors that provide inputs into tourism as well as sectors that benefit from the boost in demand generated by the industry (termed the backward and forward linkages respectively). The results in Chapter 2 indicate that the effects on the economy depend on the cross‐sectoral linkages. Hence, impacts on the economy differ depending on whether they emanate from changes in foreign tourist arrivals, changes in domestic tourist demand, oil price shocks, or foreign exchange shocks. Chapter 3 attempts to explore how long‐term growth and poverty rates are affected with investments in the different segments of the tourism industry. Finally, recognizing that growth in the sector is dependent upon sustainable resource use, Chapter 4 contributes to the analysis of alternative policy strategies by investigating policies for the allocation of water. This is a highly relevant, though much neglected issue as Kenya is amongst the most water scarce countries in Africa and also has a highly water intensive economy (when measured in per capita availability, Kenya is more water scarce than land, and projections suggest the former will get worse faster). The Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model is also used to examine the growth consequences of reallocating water from the highly water‐dependent tourism industry to other sectors of the economyPublication Kenya Land Governance Assessment Report(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-06-27) Kameri-Mbote, PatriciaThe Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) is a diagnostic tool to assess the status of land governance at country level using a participatory process that draws systematically on existing evidence and local expertise rather than on outsiders. The analysis covers nine themes: land tenure recognition; rights to forest and common lands and rural land use regulations; urban land use, planning, and development; public land management; process for transfer of public land to private use; public provision of land information (land administration and information systems); land valuation and taxation; dispute resolution and review of institutional arrangements and policies. The assessment follows a scorecard approach and produces a matrix of policy priorities matrix. The LGAF process helps to establish a consensus on (i) gaps in existing evidence; (ii) areas for regulatory or institutional change, piloting of new approaches, and interventions to improve land governance on a broader scale (e.g. by strengthening land rights and improving their enforcement); and (iii) criteria to assess the effectiveness of these measures. This report presents the result for Kenya.Publication Land Governance Assessment Framework Implementation in Ethiopia(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-01) Hailu, ZerfuThe Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) is a diagnostic tool to assess the status of land governance at country level using a participatory process that draws systematically on existing evidence and local expertise rather than on outsiders. The analysis covers nine themes: land tenure recognition; rights to forest and common lands and rural land use regulations; urban land use, planning, and development; public land management; process for transfer of public land to private use; public provision of land information (land administration and information systems); land valuation and taxation; dispute resolution and review of institutional arrangements and policies. The assessment follows a scorecard approach and produces a matrix of policy priorities matrix. The LGAF process helps to establish a consensus on (i) gaps in existing evidence; (ii) areas for regulatory or institutional change, piloting of new approaches, and interventions to improve land governance on a broader scale (e.g. by strengthening land rights and improving their enforcement); and (iii) criteria to assess the effectiveness of these measures. This report presents the result for Ethiopia.Publication Tanzania LGAF Synthesis Report(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015) Tenga, Ringo Willy; Mramba, Sist J.The Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) is a diagnostic tool to assess the status of land governance at country level using a participatory process that draws systematically on existing evidence and local expertise rather than on outsiders. The analysis covers nine themes: land tenure recognition; rights to forest and common lands and rural land use regulations; urban land use, planning, and development; public land management; process for transfer of public land to private use; public provision of land information (land administration and information systems); land valuation and taxation; dispute resolution and review of institutional arrangements and policies. The assessment follows a scorecard approach and produces a matrix of policy priorities matrix. The LGAF process helps to establish a consensus on (i) gaps in existing evidence; (ii) areas for regulatory or institutional change, piloting of new approaches, and interventions to improve land governance on a broader scale (e.g. by strengthening land rights and improving their enforcement); and (iii) criteria to assess the effectiveness of these measures. This report presents the result for Tanzania.Publication South Sudan Country Report: Findings of the Land Governance Assessment Framework(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2014-01) Deng, David K.The Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) is a diagnostic tool to assess the status of land governance at country level using a participatory process that draws systematically on existing evidence and local expertise rather than on outsiders. The analysis covers nine themes: land tenure recognition; rights to forest and common lands and rural land use regulations; urban land use, planning, and development; public land management; process for transfer of public land to private use; public provision of land information (land administration and information systems); land valuation and taxation; dispute resolution and review of institutional arrangements and policies. The assessment follows a scorecard approach and produces a matrix of policy priorities matrix. The LGAF process helps to establish a consensus on (i) gaps in existing evidence; (ii) areas for regulatory or institutional change, piloting of new approaches, and interventions to improve land governance on a broader scale (e.g. by strengthening land rights and improving their enforcement); and (iii) criteria to assess the effectiveness of these measures. This report presents the result for South Sudan.Publication Madagascar: Reforming Land Administration and Management for Equitable Growth and Social Cohesion(Washington, DC, 2010-03) World BankA well-functioning land administration and management system is crucial for Madagascar's economic and social future. Land is implicated in Madagascar's ongoing economic development and social transformation in many important ways, as key a factor in its quest for economic growth, urbanization, transparent decision-making on land-related foreign investments, environment protection, vibrant and sustainable rural communities, political stability, and social cohesion. Striking a balance among different, and sometimes even competing, roles played by land in the economic and social development process is a daunting challenge facing the Government. It is not an exaggeration to argue that soundness of land administration and management system will play a crucial role in determining the shape and trajectory of Madagascar's economic and social future. Madagascar's quest for overall economic growth, urbanization, sustainable rural development, environment protection, and social cohesion calls for a transparent, inclusive, equitable, efficient, and service-oriented land administration and management system. This policy note presents six policy recommendations aiming to help the Government to continue and deepen land tenure reform. All these six policy recommendations are made based on a review of the history of the Malagasy land institution, an assessment on the implementation of the national land tenure reform program since 2005, and an examination on the major remaining land-related challenges. International experiences have also been introduced whenever they are relevant. It is believed that now is a good time for the Government of Madagascar to tackle these challenges and consider these policy recommendations.Publication Rural Risk Management Ethiopia(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2006-12) World BankThis document investigates prospects for the use of index based weather insurance in Ethiopia for commercial and semi-commercial farmers. The document first summarizes the impact of risk weather risk in particular on Ethiopian agriculture and the need to balance investments in weather risk mitigation and weather risk management. Because the focus of this document is on risk management in the face of potential weather shocks, this introduction is followed by a summary of the traditional risk-transfer tool available for managing agricultural weather risk, multi-peril crop insurance. It outlines the limitations of this approach in the Ethiopian context. Finally, the first section of the paper provides an overview of the index based weather insurance product, which is the focus of the remainder of the document. Narrowing its scope to the potential use of index based weather insurance products in Ethiopia, the research discusses whether the prerequisites or enabling conditions for this type of product exist and whether there are any major impediments to developing a weather insurance program in the country. It was determined that the major pre-requisites for a pilot program appeared to be in place. The research took a project implementation approach to determining the technical feasibility of this type of program, despite some misgivings about scalability.Publication Land Titles, Investment, and Agricultural Productivity in Madagascar : A Poverty and Social Impact Analysis(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2006-06) Jacoby, Hanan; Minten, BartThis report examines the question of land titling in Madagascar, a country where modern and informal tenure systems coexist and overlap to a significant extent. The report reviews three main arguments for land titling and their relevance for Madagascar in order to provide policy implications and evaluations. The first is that land titling serves as protection against expropriation. Second, titles may also facilitate land transactions. Last, that owning titled land improves access to formal credit or increases the volume of formal credit conditional on access. The report concludes that it is not obvious that expanded land titling, or community-based land registration, constitutes the best route to attaining distributional objectives, since wealth is increasing in landholdings. A cost benefit analysis based on the findings suggest that it would not be economical to expand the system of formal titling in rural Madagascar and that the three main arguments do not justify maintaining this system.