Other Agriculture Study
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Publication
Green Growth in North Macedonia‘s Agriculture Sector
(Washington, DC, 2023-03-23)This report focuses on the agri-food sector in North Macedonia and investigates the potential and necessary actions for adopting a green growth trajectory. Agri-food is a key sector in need of transformation to achieve green growth in the country. The sector has great economic importance, and it is vulnerable to climate change and other environmental risks, which will compound current sector inefficiencies, including declining competitiveness. This report aims to assess: (i) the actions needed to re-focus agricultural support priorities in a manner that reflects green growth ambitions; (ii) policy financing implications; and (iii) the availability and capacity of effective policy implementation mechanisms. Finally, the potential impacts of greening agriculture support on farm efficiency are assessed and discussed. -
Publication
Turkish Cypriot Economy: Identifying and Analyzing Priority Agri-Food Value Chains
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-03)Cyprus joined the European Union (EU) in 2004 as a de-facto divided island. The agriculture sector is an important driver for the Turkish Cypriot (TC) economy. The sector has significant linkages to other economic sectors, such as food processing and tourism. Manufacturing, which includes agri-food processing, produces predominantly dairy products and therefore relies heavily on domestic milk production. Agriculture also performs important social protection functions by providing income-generating activities for the rural population, thereby improving household consumption, food security, and the accumulation of durable assets. Improving agri-food value chain linkages can increase farm incomes, improve sustainability, and support the agriculture sector’s contribution to the economy. An analysis of value chains will help to identify business-to-business relationships that connect the chain, methods for increasing efficiency and profitability, and ways to enable businesses to increase productivity and add value. The report consists of three sections: a macro analysis focusing on competitiveness and comparative advantage analysis, a value chain analysis of the TCc halloumi/hellim subsector, and a value chain analysis of the TCc carob subsector. The latter two sections contain specific recommendations and actions to strengthen value chain competitiveness. -
Publication
Ukraine: Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture and Forestry
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-12)Ukraine has made impressive progress on key reforms and restored macro-financial stability, but weak growth and poverty remain a concern. Despite these economic challenges, Ukraine recognizes climate change as the most consequential factor this century, affecting the economy and future generations. This study is the first detailed assessment of the potential impacts of climate change on Ukraine, with a focus on agriculture, a key driver of the economy and jobs. The analysis provides an insight into the spatial dimension of climate change, how these changes would be experienced in different oblasts in the country. This report is supported by four background technical reports on climate projections, impact on agriculture, impact on forests and distributional analysis. In addition, climate datasets of over two terabytes generated for this assessment are housed at the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Kyiv. The results of this study are expected to inform Ukraine’s national adaptation strategy, which is now being finalized. This study also paves the way for the development of sub-national and sectoral adaptation strategies with the spatially disaggregated information that has been generated for all oblasts. -
Publication
Overhauling Management of Agriculture to Improve Sector Performance: Synthesis Report
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-01-25)The essence of good government is doing the right things, in the right way, in the right place. This functional review focuses on those three issues, first asking whether there are tasks that do not need to be done at all, or at least not by a government ministry, then asking whether necessary tasks can be done better and more efficiently, and finally asking what the best institutional location and structure is to carry out those tasks. -
Publication
Farm Restructuring in Uzbekistan: How Did It Go and What is Next?
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-01-15)In January 2019, Uzbekistan started a new farm restructuring1. It is said to seek to optimize the use of farmland by increasing the size of farms producing wheat and cotton, reallocating land to more efficient farmers and even clusters, and improving crop rotation options. This is not the first time that this kind of farm restructuring in Uzbekistan takes place. The country has gone through several waves of farm restructuring and land reallocations. Both these processes were administratively managed, with little reference to market or income generation opportunities. During 1992-1997, state farms were decollectivized. During 1998-2002, farm fragmentation into small production units has started, which was completed during 2003-2008. Unsatisfied with the performance of fragmented farms, the government started farm consolidation between 2008/2009 and 2016, creating a dual system when dekhkan smallholders averaging 1 hectare (ha) and producing livestock and horticulture products coexisted with large individual farms, averaging 40-60 ha and producing cotton and wheat under the state order system. The 2019 restructuring seeks to double the size of cotton and wheat farms to the average of 100 ha. -
Publication
Unleashing the Power of Digital on Farms in Russia - and Seeking Opportunities for Small Farms
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018)Rapidly emerging technologies that capture, manage, communicate, and use information in digital form are dramatically transforming the way that farming and agribusiness are done across the globe—especially for large commercial farms. Nowhere is this more true than in the Russian Federation, where many large agri-holding companies operate at the cutting edge of the application of digital technologies. These large industrial farms, with sizable land and livestock holdings, possess the financial resources and the management know-how to own and leverage the most advanced technology. Some have sophisticated information technology staff to develop and manage digital approaches to many aspects of farm operations. However, many of Russia’s farms—especially small and medium farms—lack the connectivity and skillsets needed to take advantage of such technologies. Many of these small farms also lack the equipment and the know-how to take advantage of the transformational digital opportunities from which they might profit. Yet the ever-expanding connectivity and availability of information and communication technology and digital tools could make it possible for transformational developments to happen on small, traditional, remote, and disadvantaged farms too. -
Publication
Russia: Policies for Agri-Food Sector Competitiveness and Investment
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017-12)Despite advances in agricultural production, TFP, and trade balances, Russia continues to lag behind many comparator countries in measures of crop and livestock productivity. This report has aimed to provide a vehicle for dialogue with government on agri-food sector collaboration to address this situation. It has identified policy recommendations to address selected challenges and to support the government's aim of attracting investments in the agri-food sector, approached from the point of view that increased productivity will improve the competitiveness of agri-food value chains, result in higher profitability, and encourage more investment, including FDI, in Russian agriculture. In practical terms, this report has identified three areas in which the public sector may be able to use policy and programmatic interventions to spur productivity, competitiveness, investment, and exports: investing in broadening productivity gains in priority sectors, strengthening value chains and value-addition in the food industry, and promoting human capital in rural areas through capacity building in agricultural sciences and farm management to improve labor productivity. Some progress has been made, but more is needed. -
Publication
The Stabilization and Association Agreement between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the European Union: Impacts of the Adaptation Protocol on the Agriculture and Food Sector
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017-08)The objective of this note is to provide insights into the potential effect of the adaptation protocol (AP) on imports of European Union (EU) agricultural, food and fisheries products into Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). We adapt and calibrate the Tariff Reform Impact Simulation Tool (TRIST), a partial equilibrium trade model developed by the World Bank, to estimate the impact of imports from the EU on consumption and local production of agricultural and food products for which disaggregated data is available. The impact of a change in tariffs is modeled in a simple partial equilibrium trade model with imperfect substitution between imports from different trading partners and domestic production. The team benefitted from the cooperation with the counterparts (MOFTER and Ministries) regarding data and inputs. This analysis has important limitations and the results should be considered as indicative estimates. This is a trade analysis that only partially reflects the overall impact and provides a very short term perspective on trade interactions. TRIST is a static model that depends on the availability of disaggregated agricultural data on both imports and production. -
Publication
Agriculture for Jobs and Growth in the Western Balkans: A Regional Report
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017-06)The agri-food industry, comprising agricultural inputs, primary agricultural production, off-farm food processing, food distribution, food retail and consumption, and other food-related services, is one of the most important industries in the Western Balkans in terms of turnover, jobs and geographic scale. Average turnover of the agri-food industry accounts for 24 percent of total manufacturing turnover in the Western Balkan (WB) region compared to the European Union (EU) average of 15 percent (in 2011) and it is more evenly distributed geographically than other industries. Global evidence suggests that agribusiness has the highest short-term indirect employment impact, where creating one job generates more than double the number of jobs in the rest of the economy. The sector’s broad geographic footprint, multiple functions and cross-sector linkages could transform the industry into a powerful driver of value addition, income diversification and innovation in rural areas. The objective of this regional study is to examine how further investment, modernization and transformation of the agriculture and rural economy can contribute to job creation and economic growth in the Western Balkans, while highlighting how better public policies and deeper European integration can help take this process forward. The study aims to better understand the features of agri-food employment in the region, including its potential to generate more, better and more inclusive jobs and to identify transformative (policy) actions that could trigger a structural change towards a more productive use of human and other resources in agriculture. -
Publication
Sustainable, Inclusive Agriculture Sector Growth in Armenia: Lessons from Recent Experience of Growth and Contraction
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017-05)This Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for Armenia has been prepared with the aim to identify key challenges and opportunities to advance the twin goals of ending absolute poverty and boosting shared prosperity. The review of Armenia’s agriculture sector forms part of this background material. Following an overview of the sector’s major characteristics, the study analyses the determinants of agriculture sector growth from 2004-2015, a period characterized by both expansion and contraction. The links between this growth and employment creation are then considered, followed by review of the inclusiveness of observed sector growth. Agriculture sector resilience to exogenous shocks is also examined, at both sector and household level. The study concludes by assessing the implications of the analysis for the four original hypotheses