Gridlines
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Gridlines share emerging knowledge on public-private partnership and give an overview of a wide selection of projects from various regions of the world. Gridlines are a publication of PPIAF (Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility), a multi-donor technical assistance facility. Through technical assistance and knowledge dissemination PPIAF supports the efforts of policy makers, nongovernmental organizations, research institutions, and others in designing and implementing strategies to tap the full potential of private involvement in infrastructure.
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Publication
Private Sector Participation in Urban Rail : Getting the Structure Right
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2010-04)There is growing interest in using rail transit, trams, metros, light rail, to solve urban transportation problems, particularly road congestion and air pollution. In developing urban rail projects, a range of major cities around the world have turned to public-private partnership models, to leverage both public and private resources and expertise. Dissecting the successes and failures of public-private urban rail schemes, this note examines how policy makers can best deal with the main risks involved in designing, procuring, and implementing such schemes. It also draws lessons on best practice in developing and managing contractual arrangements that can help ensure their success and sustainability. -
Publication
PPI in Poor Countries : How to Increase Private Participation in Infrastructure Management and Investment
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2010-02)To overcome huge shortfalls in access to infrastructure services, poor countries need much higher investment levels and more expertise to build, operate, and maintain infrastructure facilities. The private sector is one source for such resources, and projects involving private participation in infrastructure (PPI) have increasingly been used in developing countries. But PPI investment has been much lower in poor countries than in better-off developing countries-and has been more affected by the global financial crisis. How can PPI projects play a larger role in improving infrastructure service provision in these countries? -
Publication
Private Participation in Transport : Lessons from Recent Experience in Europe and Central Asia
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2009-06)Facing fiscal constraints, many governments in Central and Eastern Europe and Southeastern Europe have pursued private finance for transport infrastructure more to move investments off budget than to improve efficiency and services. Results have been mixed and suggest a need to focus more on public-private partnerships (PPPs) that can achieve value for money. Today's economic environment will reduce the potential for PPP projects in the short term. Some PPP projects at an advanced stage of procurement may need additional public support, while ambitious projects may need to be phased to reduce their scale to what the market can absorb. -
Publication
What Drives Private Sector Exit from Infrastructure? Economic Crises and Other Factors in the Cancellation of Private Infrastructure Projects in Developing Countries
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2009-03)The private sector exits only a fraction of private infrastructure projects before the contract ends. Yet such cancellations can have a sustained impact on a country's program of public-private partnerships, reducing the private sector's confidence in the government's commitment as well as the government's confidence in the robustness and "value for money" of these arrangements. Econometric analysis shows that macroeconomic shocks nearly double the cancellation rate. As today's global financial crisis greatly increases the cost, and reduces the availability, of project financing, the number of cancellations could grow. That would have implications for the role public-private partnerships can play in meeting the infrastructure needs of developing countries. -
Publication
The Changing Landscape of Infrastructure Finance in Africa : Nontraditional Sources Take on a Growing Role
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008-10)Africa has traditionally depended on official development assistance to meet its infrastructure needs. But a growing share of the region's infrastructure finance is now coming from nontraditional sources. Leading this trend is non-Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) financiers, chiefly China, India, and Arab countries. While Arab funds have been operating in Africa for decades, China and India began to step up their involvement in the early 2000s. Flows from these non-OECD sources are now broadly comparable to traditional development assistance in dollars committed. The largest flows have gone to power especially hydropower and rail transport. -
Publication
The Role of Developing Country Firms in Infrastructure : New Data Confirm the Emergence of a New Class of Investors
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008-06)Developing country investors have emerged as a major source of investment finance for infrastructure projects with private participation. This update of the article in 2006, shows that, indeed, during 1998-2006 these investors accounted for more of this finance in South Asia and East Asia and Pacific, and for more in transport across developing regions than did investors from developed countries. Even though the policy implications are not yet fully clear for policy makers, this development suggests a need to rethink the criteria used in selecting investors in schemes for private participation, which have been biased toward large international operators. -
Publication
Are Brownfield Concessions Poised for a Comeback? New Signs of Life After a Decade in Decline
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008-05)Once expected to be the signature contract of private participation in infrastructure and for a time its fastest growing form, the brown field concession was hit hard by the Asian crisis and has never recovered. Because these contracts involve existing, usually dilapidated government assets, brown field concessions tackled the toughest infrastructure problems in the developing world. But the Asian crisis exposed the fragility of this mechanism, and its sudden unpopularity almost single-handedly crashed the developing world market for private participation in infrastructure. -
Publication
Worldwide Trends in Private Participation in Roads : Growing Activity, Growing Government Support
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008-05)Private participation in roads revived strongly in developing countries in 2005-06. The activity was concentrated in green field projects and in Asia and Latin America. The main reason for the revival has been the willingness of governments to provide support needed to attract the private sector. Nevertheless, governments need to be aware of the potential risks of such support. And because of the monopolistic features of road projects, they also need to ensure good governance so that the public reaps the full benefits of the private sector's involvement. -
Publication
India Leads Developing Nations in Private Sector Investment : But the Region Needs More Investment to Meet Demands
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008-03)India has had the most success attracting more private investment in infrastructure in 2006 than any other developing country. Long-standing policies in most other South Asian countries are beginning to bear fruit as well. Nevertheless, delivering the infrastructure services needed to sustain and accelerate growth in South Asia remains a major challenge. Estimates suggest that closing the gap in service provision and meeting future needs will require infrastructure investment in the range of 7 to 8 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) a year. The private sector can do more to help close the region's infrastructure service deficit. But first the region's governments will need to close the infrastructure policy deficit, manifested in many sectors in distorted pricing, poor governance and accountability, and weak financial and operational performance. -
Publication
Designing and Using Public-Private Partnership Units in Infrastructure : Lessons from Case Studies Around the World
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2007-09)This note contends that public-private partnership (PPP) units for facilitating and managing infrastructure investments have existed for years in many developed countries. Driven in part by growing infrastructure investment, these units have also recently begun to proliferate in the developing world. While governments often seem eager to create such units, not everyone in the global PPP market is convinced of their value. An assessment of eight PPP units around the world examines whether these institutions have contributed to successful public-private partnerships-and if so, under what conditions.