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Research for Innovation in Health Systems - Improving the Management of Health Care Services for Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions in Three Latin American Countries: Brazil, Colombia and Uruguay - Key Messages
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-06-24) World Bank
The accelerated aging of the Brazilian population, alongside the gradual increase in the concomitant occurrence of multiple chronic diseases in the same individual, brings important challenges to the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). n Colombia, during 2012 - 2016, multimorbidity had a prevalence of 19.5 percent for all ages, according to data from the study carried out by the World Bank and the Ministry of Health and Social Protection. The investigation also showed an increase in the use and cost of health services associated with older age and the complexity of multimorbidity, in an aging population that shifts its epidemiological profile towards chronic diseases. The expenditure with patients with multimorbidity in Uruguay is high. Persons with five or more of diseases (Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure, Diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Degenerative Neurological Disease) represent 8.44 percent of the total patient population, but their care accounts for 42.07 percent of the total expenditure, and 50.48 percent of the expenditure on medications.
Multimorbidity: A Panorama of Brazil
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-06-20) World Bank
The demographic transition accompanied by the epidemiological transition, evidenced by the change in the health profile of the Brazilian population, brings important challenges to the Unified Health System. The accelerated aging of the population further accentuates the effects of the triple burden of diseases, placing society as a all in the face of this new reality. Important changes are underway, both economic and social. The Coronavirus pandemic has made this context even more complex, increasing inequalities, including in health, further impacting health services, which were excessively demanded in these three years, initially due to the global health challenge that found Brazil one of its most fertile grounds, and, subsequently, by the consequences left by the inevitable prioritization of the emerging disease, which led services to leave aside much of the care for chronic patients. Considering the gradual increase in the concomitant occurrence of multiple chronic diseases affecting the same individual, whether over the last few decades or throughout the citizen’s life, the current situation of multimorbidity deserves, at the very least, the attention of health authorities. This report characterizes multimorbidity in the country, presenting two examples of chronic disease management, one from the public sector and the other from the private sector.
The Nerds, the Cool and the Central: Peer Education and Teen Pregnancy in Brazil
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-06-11) World Bank
Teenage pregnancy rates in Brazil are among the highest in Latin America. The current rate of 68.4 per 1,000 adolescents lies well above the world average of 46 per 1,000 and is higher than the Latin American average of 65.5 per 1,000
Guinea-Bissau - Human Capital Review
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-06-05) World Bank
This report presents the findings of a study to analyze Guinea-Bissau’s HCI indicators and its human capital policies across three sectors— health, education, and social protection. The report highlights a deep analysis of sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, income, and geographical disparities, based on the available data. It identifies critical gaps and constraints in the development of human capital and provides policy recommendations for improving human capital outcomes; these will inform upcoming World Bank operations in the country’s social sector.
Assessment of Guinea-Bissau’s Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response Capacity
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-06-03) World Bank
This report represents a comprehensive assessment of Guinea-Bissau’s PPR capacity conducted by the World Bank. The report details key gaps and findings about Guinea-Bissau’s health system and sets out priority recommendations to strengthen its PPR capacity and health system resilience. Key findings are grouped into five areas identified as most critical and in urgent need of attention to prepare for future threats.
World Development Report 2022: Finance for an Equitable Recovery
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-02-15) World Bank
World Development Report 2022: Finance for an Equitable Recovery examines the central role of finance in the economic recovery from COVID-19. Based on an in-depth look at the consequences of the crisis most likely to affect low- and middle-income economies, it advocates a set of policies and measures to mitigate the interconnected economic risks stemming from the pandemic—risks that may become more acute as stimulus measures are withdrawn at both the domestic and global levels. Those policies include the efficient and transparent management of nonperforming loans to mitigate threats to financial stability, insolvency reforms to allow for the orderly reduction of unsustainable debts, innovations in risk management and lending models to ensure continued access to credit for households and businesses, and improvements in sovereign debt management to preserve the ability of governments to support an equitable recovery.
The World Bank Annual Report 2022: Helping Countries Adapt to a Changing World
(Washington, DC : World Bank, 2022) World Bank
The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)--collectively known as the World Bank--in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submit the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors.
The State of the Global Education Crisis: A Path to Recovery
(UNESCO, Paris, UNICEF, New York, and World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-12-10) UNESCO; UNICEF; World Bank
Even before Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hit, the world was already experiencing a learning crisis. 258 million primary- and secondary-school age children and youth were out of school. Many children who were in school were learning very little: 53 percent of all ten-year-old children in low- and middle-income countries were experiencing learning poverty, meaning that they were unable to read and understand a simple age-appropriate text at age 10. This report spotlights how COVID-19 has deepened the education crisis and charts a course for creating more resilient education systems for the future. Section one gives introduction. Section two documents COVID-19’s impacts on learning levels by presenting updated simulations and bringing together the latest documented evidence on learning loss from over 28 countries. Section three explores how the crisis has widened inequality and had greater impacts on already disadvantaged children and youth. Section four reviews evidence on learning recovery from past crises and highlights current policy responses that appear most likely to have succeeded in stemming learning losses, while recognizing that the evidence is still in a nascent stage. The final section discusses how to build on the investments made and the lessons learned during the pandemic to accelerate learning recovery and emerge from the crisis with increased education quality, resilience, and equity in the longer term.
Mozambique - Country Economic Memorandum: Reigniting Growth for All
(Washington, DC, 2021-10) World Bank
Mozambique has experienced rapid growth for over two decades. Growth accelerated remarkably following the end of the civil war, averaging 7.9 percent over 1993-2015, among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, growth decelerated sharply following the hidden debt crisis in 2016, which led to a crisis of economic governance and a protracted economic slowdown, with growth falling to 3 percent in 2016-2019. The growth slowdown has been further exacerbated by the natural disasters in 2019, the insurgency in Northern Mozambique, escalating since 2017, and the global pandemic since 2020. Mozambique’s existing growth strategy has been limited in its capacity to generate productive jobs and support accelerated poverty reduction. However, the discovery of some of the largest natural gas (LNG) reserves in the world is expected to provide Mozambique with a transformative opportunity for sustained and inclusive growth. The Mozambique Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) assesses Mozambique’s current growth model and presents a set of recommendations to: (i) make the best use of the non-renewable natural resource revenues, which includes putting in place an adequate policy and institutional framework well ahead of the revenue windfalls from the LNG sector; and (ii) promote growth in non-extractive sectors, accompanied by spatial transformation, and improved agricultural productivity. The report consists of five chapters. Chapter one provides an overview of Mozambique’s current growth model, asking what’s driving growth and outlining why this model needs rethinking. Chapter two provides analysis of the potential impact of Mozambique’s resource boom on GDP, exports, revenue, and employment, and discusses how to make good use of the opportunities and manage the associated risks. Chapter three tells Mozambique’s growth story from a spatial perspective. It constructs a unique district-by-district sectoral GDP database to identify the main growth nodes in Mozambique and understand why there is a weak link between growth and poverty reduction. The services sector is the subject of chapter four, exploring how to overcome bottlenecks to deliver on its potential to drive growth in Mozambique. Chapter five continues this theme, examining the challenges posed to private sector growth by weak governance and rising corruption. All five chapters make policy recommendations for the way forward.
The World Bank Annual Report 2021: From Crisis to Green, Resilient, and Inclusive Recovery
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2021-10-01) World Bank
The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)--collectively known as the World Bank--in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors.