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Publication A Model for Calculating Interconnection Costs in Telecommunications(Washington, DC: World Bank and the Public–Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, 2004) Um, Paul Noumba; Gille, Laurent; Simon, Lucile; Rudelle, ChristopheSince the past decade, several Sub-Saharan African governments, through technical assistance provided by the World Bank and other donors, have undertaken to reform their telecommunications sectors, by implementing market liberalization policies, privatizing the incumbent public operator, and creating autonomous and independent regulatory bodies. The core objective of these reforms is to significantly improve access, and affordability, to telecommunications services on the basis of the assumption that a more friendly and predictable business environment will attract more private investment. However, the provision of interconnection services, on fair and efficient terms, has rapidly emerged as a main bottleneck. In fact, new legislation and regulations enacted in Sub-Saharan Africa recognize the interconnection rights ascribed to all telecommunications service providers and network operators. In addition, these regulations also request the incumbent fixed operator to supply interconnection services to new entrants on a fair and competitive basis. Despite the clarity and soundness of the legislative provisions in that respect (cost oriented, nondiscriminatory, fair, and transparent), the number of interconnection disputes has increased, and long-lasting interconnection disputes have discredited the reputation and credibility of new regulatory regimes.Publication Port Reform Toolkit : Effective Decision Support for Policymakers, Module 1. Framework for Port Reform(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2003-05-05) Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory FacilityThis Port Reform Toolkit, consisting of eight modules, presents background information, concrete examples, and specific tools and methods that public officials can use to make effective, sustainable reforms of public institutions that provide port services in developing countries. In particular it focuses on understanding the needs, challenges and risks for sector reform; choosing among options for private sector participation and analyzing their implications; preparing legislation, contracts and institutional charters to govern private sector participation; managing the transition to increased private sector involvement. The Toolkit presents "best international practices" in a manner that is relevant to decision-makers. The Toolkit is designed to be easily understood by non-specialists. Thus, it attempts to make general points with concrete examples. It is illustrated with experience drawn from recent port reform activities around the world.Publication Information Technology Security Handbook(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2003) Sadowsky, George; Dempsey, James X.; Greenberg, Alan; Mack, Barbara J.; Schwartz, AlanInformational and Communication Technologies (ICT) plays a fundamental role for social and economic development. Similarly, it is recognized that there cannot be an effective use of ICT in the absence of a safe and trusted ICT environment. Thus, IT security plays a prime role in helping creating the environment needed to set the ground for implementing successful national ICT plans, e-Government or e-Commerce activities, as well as sectoral projects, such as, for example, in the areas of education, health, or finance. IT security is a complex topic and evolves almost as fast as technology does. The authors provide technology-independent best practices, as well as recommendations for particular IT environments. As technology evolves, the accompanying web site (www.infodev-security.net) will provide updates as appropriate, allowing for a constant dissemination of developments in the field of IT security. The book is composed of five parts, each of which can be read independently. After an introduction to general issues of IT security, the book addresses issues relevant specifically to individuals, small and medium organizations, government, and technical administrators. Although most of the research and publications on IT security comes from developed countries, the authors have attempted to provide practical guidance applicable anywhere and to include examples from developing countries.Publication Telecommunications Regulation Handbook(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2000-11) Intven, Hank; Intven, HankIn recognition of the fundamental importance of an appropriate regulatory environment to accelerate connectivity, and access to information services, this handbook provides a practical reference source, on the methods used to regulate the telecommunications sector around the world, emphasizing best practices. The focus is on practices that promote the efficient supply of telecommunications services in a competitive marketplace. It offers a useful compilation of descriptions, and analyses of regulatory practices, and approaches applied in a wide range of countries. The handbook outlines the various factors that motivated the liberalization of telecommunications markets, i.e., increased growth, and fast innovations for better services; the need to expand and upgrade telecommunications networks with new services; growth of the Internet; of mobile and other wireless services; and, of international trade in telecommunications services. These factors compelled regulatory objectives to foster competitive markets to promote efficient supply of telecommunications, and quality at affordable prices. To this end, licensing telecommunications services, interconnection, price regulation, competition policy, and universal service are presented to form the framework for telecommunications regulation.