Institutional and Governance Review
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Publication Indonesia's PNPM Generasi Program : Final Impact Evaluation Report(World Bank, Jakarta, 2011-06) World BankIndonesia has made remarkable strides in key human development indicators over the past few decades. Primary school enrollment is close to universal for both boys and girls, and the child mortality rate has declined rapidly. Furthermore, achievements in these indicators reveal large geographical disparities, with poorer outcomes in rural and remote provinces and districts. Improving access to basic quality health and education services is a key component of an overall poverty reduction strategy for Indonesia. The project builds on the Indonesian government's existing community-driven development program, known as the National Community Empowerment Program in rural areas (PNPM) or formerly, the Kecamatan Development Program (KDP). This document describes the findings from the three-wave evaluation series carried out from 2007 to 2010. The baseline survey took place from June 2007 to August 2007. The second wave was conducted from October 2008 to January 2009, after 15 to 18 months of Generasi implementation. The third and final evaluation survey was implemented from October 2009 to January 2010 after 27 to 30 months of project implementation.Publication Mongolia : Building the Skills for the New Economy(Washington, DC, 2007-06) World BankThis report examines the challenges in the labor market in Mongolia as the economy has undergone a transformation into a market economy. It identifies three major interrelated challenges-joblessness, informality and skills mismatch. The inability to find productive employment has important poverty implications, as labor is the main asset of the poor. But along with the skills mismatch, they also affect efficiency, and thus economic growth, by preventing the economy from using the available human capital to its fullest potential.