Other Public Sector Study
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Publication
Institutional Development Roadmap Handbook: Effective Design, Implementation and Evaluation of Project-led Institutional Development in the Transport Sector
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018-06-01)The World Bank (WB) is a vital source of financial and technical assistance across the transport sector in India. While financial resources and technical expertise are vital, they are not sufficient to promote sustainable development. This requires strong and durable institutions in client countries. In India’s transport sector, the extent to which sustained Institutional Development has been achieved varies significantly between projects. An understanding of the factors that led to successful outcomes and sustained institutional development is key to ensuring long-term added value of WB and client country investments. The Institutional Development Roadmap (IDR) presents a set of four interrelated tools that can help TTLs and IAs develop projects that coherently integrate infrastructure and ID, specifically focusing on building sustainable capacity to achieve both. The IDR contributes toward ensuring high impact, sustainable development by providing a systematic way to assess the environment for change and the capacity of IAs to achieve clear and measurable development outcomes. The IDRT is informed by the building blocks of political economy analysis, focusing on how power and resources are distributed and contested in specific areas of possible project support. It was designed to identify opportunities and challenges in these areas by addressing how formal and informal interests, incentives, and institutions support or prevent the reforms required for sustainable ID. The tools also recognize the importance of engaging key stakeholders (including citizens impacted by potential WB projects) in designing and implementing sustainable interventions that are achievable within the project life cycle and sustainable after the project closes. -
Publication
Enhancing Public Sector Performance: Malaysia’s Experience with Transforming Land Administration
(World Bank, Kuala Lumpur, 2017-11)This report is part of the series focusing on documenting the lessons from Malaysia for other developing countries in improving their public-sector management. These lessons include those at the center of government, such as the delivery unit method applied to the implementation of the national priorities, or implementing the elements of performance-based budgeting, as well as deeper analysis of specific approaches in various sectors. Strategies for improving public sector performance will differ in education, health, public transport, or land administration. Yet at this sectoral juncture, public sector management has the most direct impact on service delivery and citizens’ outcomes. This report focuses on land policies and land administration services because they are key for good governance. They are fundamental for secure land rights, developing land markets and managing land resources in a manner that best contributes to economic growth, efficient public sector service delivery, environmental protection, and social cohesion and security. Land and buildings generally represent between half and three quarters of the national wealth in all countries. The importance of secure land rights and good land administration have been recognized in several international forums including the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the United Nations Committee on Food Security and the World Bank and International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) Fit for Purpose Land Administration publication. -
Publication
Railway Reform: Toolkit for Improving Rail Sector Performance
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017-09)This Railway Reform Toolkit aims to provide an easy-to-use resource on the rail industry and to provide an experience-based set of best practices to aid in the planning and execution of railway reforms. It s based on international experiences with railway reform under a range of railway organizational forms, state agencies, state-owned, or private enterprises. The toolkit should be particularly useful to those thinking about transitions from one organizational form to another and for those seeking to improve railway performance through investment, reorganization, or changes in government policy. -
Publication
From Pork to Performance
(World Bank, Washington, DC and AidData, 2016-06)From pork to performance illuminates the politics of how public resources are spent and the difficulty of the ‘last mile’ of service delivery. Crumbling facilities, absentee teachers, and roads to nowhere waste resources and retard development in many countries around the world. These failures in last mile service delivery underscore a more intractable development problem, a breakdown in accountability relationships, as politicians and civil servants act with impunity to extract private benefits at the expense of public goods. This study examines the extent to which technology and transparency can disrupt this low accountability status quo through turning information into collective action to improve government performance by strengthening the accountability relationships between politicians, service providers and citizens. In 2010, a new president came to power in the Philippines with a compelling message, ‘no corruption, no poverty’, and embraced open government as a vehicle to burn avenues of retreat and advance governance reforms. This study features examples from five sectors, education, reconstruction, roads, municipal development, and tax collection – where government champions sought to open up the black box of service delivery and use digital platforms to disclose data and strengthen accountability. This research provides guidance for public, private, and civil society leaders committed to using technology and transparency to curb pork-barrel politics and create digital dividends for their communities. The study combines rigorous political economy analysis with practical diagnostic tools and recommendations for open government initiatives to go deeper in the Philippines and around the world. -
Publication
On the Move: A Look on the Transport Sector’s Management in Chile, Finland, Morocco, South Africa, and South Korea
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-12-16)This report is a result of a study that aimed to identify more efficient institutional and governance structures to manage the transport sector in Oman. It encompassed on road transport, maritime transport, railways, and road-based public transport. Aviation and airports were excluded from the scope of the study. The study consisted of an institutional review of transport sector organization in select countries. The case study countries were selected for a combination of attributes: well-managed systems known to be effective and with elements recognized internationally as good practice. The case studies map the institutional structures of their transport sector ministries and of individual transport sector modes (or sub-sectors). The countries represent a diverse group by geography and demographics. In addition, this paper describes how transport sub-sectors are organized in the five case study countries dealing respectively with: (1) the peak governance entity, typically a Ministry of Transport or equivalent, and the central functions of regulatory administration; (2) ports; (3) railways; (4) roads, (5) and public transport. Particular attention is given to structural, institutional, and financing dimensions. This report may be of interest to transport sector political leaders, public officials, and their advisers who may be contemplating the assessment or strengthening of transport sector governance in their own countries. -
Publication
Doing Business in Poland 2015: Comparing Business Regulations for Domestic Firms in 18 Cities with 188 Other Economies
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-06)Poland’s economic growth over the last 25 years has been spectacular. In that period, Poland has more than doubled its income per capita and became a European growth champion. It was the only EU country to avoid a recession in 2009. Its current GDP growth rate is strong. Poland seems to be on the brink of its new ‘golden age.’ Doing Business in Poland 2015 is the first subnational report of the Doing Business series in Poland. It measures business regulations and their enforcement from the perspective of a small to medium-size domestic firm. The idea is a simple one: if entrepreneurs spend fewer resources on regulatory burdens, they will have more time to devote to productive activities. If laws and regulations are clear, accessible, and transparent and, at the same time, enforceable before the courts, entrepreneurs will feel more confident to do business with people they don’t know, and expand their client and supplier network. The gap between the 18 cities benchmarked is significant. By adopting existing good practices found across the country in the four areas measured by this report, Poland would rank 24th out of 189 economies globally, eight positions higher than Poland’s current ranking according to Doing Business 2015, placing the country ahead of France and the Netherlands. Promoting convergence among regions and cities towards the top performers and thus improving the ease of doing business in the whole country is a challenge worth taking. -
Publication
Integrating Social Accountability in Healthcare Delivery: Lessons Drawn from Kenya
(World Bank Group, Washington, DC, 2015-02)The Constitution of Kenya provides that most functions of the state are decentralized in a devolution process. The devolved health system is four tiered: community health services, primary care services, county referral services, and national referral services. However, even though roles and responsibilities are elaborately outlined, in practice the transition from national to county governments has been marred by inconsistency, poor understanding of the system, management challenges, and lack of coordination between the national and county governments. This policy note provides observations from a pilot that tested integration of social accountability mechanisms in healthcare delivery in Kenya between 2011 and 2013. -
Publication
India Land Governance Assessment: National Synthesis Report
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015)As India continues to urbanize and move towards a less agricultural- and more industry-based economy, land demands will continue to grow. Its urban population is expected to increase by more than 200 million by 2030, requiring 4 to 8 million hectares of land for residential use alone. Demands for infrastructure and industry could add a similar amount, summing to total land demand of 5 to10 percent of the land area currently used for agriculture. If not handled well, such massive land use change may increase vulnerability and food insecurity, rent-seeking, environmental problems, social dislocation, inequality, and conflict. But it also provides an opportunity to address the underlying structural issues, propelling India into the league of middle-income countries and laying the ground for significantly advancing shared prosperity and reduced poverty. This synthesis report presents results from land governance self-assessments by six states: The fact that land is a state subject implies that actions to improve land governance need to be initiated at state level. To identify opportunities, six states implemented the Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF), a tool that allow comparing the status of their land governance against international good practice along a set of dimensions in a very participatory process. Results are summarized in state reports that were validated publicly and discussed with policy makers in each state. This national report complements these and draws out common areas.