Other Public Sector Study
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Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa, home to more than 1 billion people, half of whom will be under 25 years old by 2050, is a diverse ...
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Publication
Toward More People-Centered Service Delivery: Opportunities for the National ID System in Lesotho
(Washington, DC, 2022-05)This note documents the current and emerging use cases for the national ID (NID) system in the Kingdom of Lesotho. It demonstrates considerable potential and progress to date, and makes recommendations for moving toward a more inclusive, trusted and service delivery-oriented NID system. Global experience has shown that national ID systems can promote more efficient, transparent and people-centered service delivery in the public and private sectors, particularly when the system is designed with the appropriate enablers and safeguards in place to support improved development outcomes and mitigate risks. As countries move toward digital economies and governance, ID systems often serve as an essential digital platform, underpinning the digital payment infrastructure and transactions, as well as the provision of online and offline government services. -
Publication
The World Bank's Support for Subnational Governance in Large Federal Countries: Lessons Learned from Argentina, Brazil and Nigeria
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022)Limited local tax revenue and low public sector efficiency are two critical problems of public sector management and key constraints for the economic and social development of many subnational governments in large federal countries. To create fiscal space without compromising macroeconomic stability and fiscal sustainability, there is a need for reforms that lead to better use of public resources and improved expenditure efficiency through reforms in budgeting, procurement, and tax administration. This note presents lessons learned from the World Bank’s subnational governance projects in three large federal countries - Argentina, Brazil and Nigeria - between 2008-2017. These lessons learned can be useful in shaping the design of future subnational governance projects in other federal countries, particularly those projects seeking to improve service delivery, public expenditure systems and core governance institutions. -
Publication
ID4D Country Diagnostic: Central African Republic
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-10-19)This diagnostic has been conducted with the sole purpose of serving the ongoing development of social protection policy in the country. It is the Bank’s hope that the report will be useful for social protection policy development as intended. The Bank has not agreed with the government to invest in the civil registration and identification sector. The government may consider the use of this report for the activities it will undertake to seek support from the international donor community for such an investment. The report is organized into the following sections: section one gives introduction. Section two examines the identity ecosystem in Central African Republic (CAR) and presents the stakeholders on the supply and demand sides, the identity schemes, the legal framework, and the specific post-crisis identity context; and section three presents the analysis conducted by the World Bank Group and details the main recommendations to build on so social protection actors can promote an efficient and reliable identity ecosystem that can serve the entire Central African population, starting from the most vulnerable. -
Publication
The Gambia Integrated State-Owned Enterprises Framework (iSOEF) Assessment
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2021-06-29)This report applies the new World Bank integrated State-Owned Enterprises Framework (iSOEF) methodology to assess The Gambia´s SOE sector and its current reform trends. The report provides one of the first comprehensive applications of the World Bank’s new iSOEF methodology in Africa by providing first a landscape of SOEs in The Gambia, and then addressing key aspects for assessing SOEs, namely: “Effects on Markets”; “Fiscal Impact”; and “Corporate Governance and Accountability Mechanisms”. Leveraging the World Bank’s expertise across its Equitable Growth, Finance, and Institutions (EFI) Vice Presidency, this multidimensional assessment looks at the interrelationships of the challenges and opportunities faced by the Gambia´s SOEs to propose holistic and sequenced recommendations to strengthen their governance and performance. The primary audience of the iSOEF is the Government of The Gambia, in particular the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs (MOFEA) and other relevant stakeholders. -
Publication
People's Perspectives on ID and Civil Registration in Rwanda
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-01-29)Rwanda's electronic national population register (NPR) and ID project was first launched in 2008 and has since achieved impressive coverage. Today, the NPR captures the information of approximately 98 percent of the population. It is commonly considered to be one of the strongest foundational national identification (ID) systems in Africa due to the robust back end and information management systems that underpin it. The National Identification Agency (NIDA) ), has made concerted efforts over the years in the areas of policy, business process, communications, and support to ensure that all people in Rwanda are able to access IDs and register births and receive birth certificates. This has included initiatives like "CRVS week" in 2017 to encourage people to register the births of their children. It also includes nationwide communications campaigns to ensure equal access to IDs and the ability to use these to access services, with specific targeting for vulnerable groups like refugees. In order to improve current processes, close the remaining two percent gap in ID coverage, and inform the roll out of the new digital birth registration, NIDA requested the World Bank to support qualitative research to understand experiences, attitudes, and behavior of Rwandans towards accessing and using the current national ID cards and birth certificates. -
Publication
Barriers to the Inclusion of Women and Marginalized Groups in Nigeria’s ID System: Findings and Solutions from an In-Depth Qualitative Study
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021)An estimated one billion people around the world do not have an officially recognized means of identification (ID). The majority live in low-income countries (LICs), particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. This study contributes to an overarching goal of building global knowledge about increasing women’s and marginalized groups’ access to and use of IDs to promote development. There is little systematic evidence about the causes of gender gaps or the exclusion of particular groups from possession of government-recognized IDs. The study aims to analyze gaps in access to the national ID issued by Nigeria’s National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), and provide evidence-based advice to policy makers on how to lift the constraints that create high barriers for women and marginalized groups. -
Publication
Ghana: Enhancing Revenue Mobilization Through Improved Tax Compliance and Administrative Systems
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-11-13)Ghana’s tax collection is low compared with other lower middle-income countries. Non-compliance of tax payments is an urgent issue in Ghana, as the government has been suffering from a widening fiscal deficit and a rising debt burden. Learning from experiences in other countries, this report proposes potential interventions that could improve tax compliance. -
Publication
Ghana Tax Gap Analysis
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-11-13)The objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the tax gap in Ghana, and help the Government of Ghana identify the areas where they can increase tax revenue by improving compliance. Tax gap for corporate income tax, import tax, estimated value added tax, and potential tax revenue from formalization of informal firms were investigated. -
Publication
Zambia Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Diagnostic: Narrowing the Gap between Policy and Practice
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06)Access to water supply and sanitation (WSS) services remains stubbornly low in Zambia. This poor record on WSS service delivery is disastrous for Zambia’s economy by negatively affecting human capital development, which in turn creates a drag on the economy. Successive governments in Zambia have recognized this important sector of the economy and launched reforms and investment programs. Successive governments in Zambia have recognized this important sector of the economy and launched reforms and investment programs. This analysis shows that Zambia’s chronically inefficient water utilities are creating a fiscal burden and making it harder for the government to finance the sector. The rest of the report is organized as follows: Chapter 2 provides an analysis of the strategic relevance of the WSS programs to Zambia’s economy, drawing on existing literature on the economic impacts of WSS and analysis of a sample of projects in both programs. Chapter 3 analyzes the extent to which the programs are structured to deliver desired results, focusing on the design and prioritization of investments, implementation arrangements, and monitoring and evaluation. Chapter 4 provides an analysis of the expenditure framework for both programs and the extent to which it supports efficient program implementation. Chapter 5 summarizes opportunities that exist to enhance the effectiveness and impact of both programs and makes recommendations on medium-term actions to advance Zambia’s WSS sector and narrow the gap between policy and practice. -
Publication
Rwanda’s Anti-Corruption Experience: Actions, Accomplishments, and Lessons
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06)This study analyzes how Rwanda fought administrative corruption in the public sector over the last two decades. The focus on administrative corruption in the public sector is dictated by the difficulty of assessing, observing, and measuring corruption relating to state capture and by emphasis that Rwandan officials have placed on reducing corruption in the everyday workings of the public sector. It may touch on some dimensions of governance such as voice and accountability or the rule of law, it only analyses them through their relationship to corruption. The study is based primarily on face-to-face interviews conducted in December 2019 with key individuals in and close observers to the fight against corruption. This study increases awareness of Rwanda’s anticorruption experience, given its importance in Rwanda’s own development and its relevance to international anticorruption efforts. The study is organized as follows: the first section describes the evolution of corruption in Rwanda to provide context for anticorruption efforts. The second section discusses those efforts, with a focus on transforming norms and standards, on prevention, and on sanctions. The third section presents the main factors of success. The fourth section identifies the lessons that can be drawn from Rwanda. The fifth section reflects on the remaining challenges in the country’s anticorruption journey.