Other Public Sector Study
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Publication
Outsourcing Social Services to CSOs : Lessons from Abroad
(World Bank, 2009-06-01)This study aims to provide the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MoCA) of the People's Republic of China an overview of international experience with the use of direct and indirect, consumer and producer side instruments for engaging civil society organizations in the delivery of government-financed social and human services. The discussion in the report falls into three major parts. Part one offers an overview of the scale of the civil society sector globally and of the extent and patterns of government support for it. Against this backdrop, part two then examines in more detail the experience of particular countries with government-nonprofit cooperation with respect to outsourcing social services. Finally, based on these experiences, the final part offers some suggestions for the Government of China as it seeks to fashion a workable relationship with the emerging Chinese civil society organization (CSO) sector. -
Publication
China : Public Services for Building the New Socialist Countryside
(Washington, DC, 2007-12)This report aims to assist the central government to design a strategy for improving public service delivery in rural areas, with a pilot to fast-track implementation of specific aspects of this strategy. In assessing current public service delivery in rural China, the report adopts a methodological framework that focuses on the accountability relationships among the four key stakeholders: the central government, local governments, service providers, and rural citizens. The report has analyzed the role of the four key stakeholders in the delivery of public services in rural areas, the accountability relationships among them, and how the central government guides these roles and accountability relationships. The report concluded that the system of providing rural public services is in a process of transition and that recent efforts have brought substantial improvements, with many benefits already tangible. It added that the government's continuing focus on strengthening rural public services is well justified and that an additional challenge is that the demands for public services in rural areas are changing rapidly. Moreover, the government faces many opportunities but also substantial challenges to further strengthen the system of public service delivery. -
Publication
China Land Policy Reform for Sustainable Economic and Social Development : An Integrated Framework for Action
(Washington, DC, 2005-12)China has undergone a profound economic and social transformation as it moves from a centrally-planned to a market-oriented economy. Land issues are implicated in this ongoing transformation in numerous important ways - as key factors in China's quest for economic growth, national food security and social stability; as important influences in the rapid growth of China's cities as well as the future of its agriculture; and as central features in local government finance and in the growth and stability of the financial and banking sector. It is clear that decisions concerning land - how it is allocated, how it is used, how it is governed, how it is administered and how it is financed - will play a central role in determining the shape and trajectory of China's economic and social future. The purpose of this report is to present in a synthesised fashion the main lessons that have emerged so far from the World Bank collaboration, and on that basis to suggest concrete proposals for moving forward, in the short, medium and long term. In addition, land policy reforms have sought to put in place mechanisms, incentives and sanctions that will stimulate more rational allocation of land between competing land uses. Receiving particular attention from the central government in this respect has been the problem of accelerating conversion of agricultural land to urban uses. -
Publication
Deepening Public Service Unit Reform to Improve Service Delivery
(Washington, DC, 2005-07)The "Public Service Unit" (PSU), or shiye danwei, is one of the four categories of public sector institutions in China. The country has more than one million public service units (PSUs), or shiye danwei, with a labor force of around 30 million. Most PSUs were created as public service providers. Non-state involvement in service delivery remains limited in China today. PSU performance is therefore crucial for improving service delivery in the public sector to a level commensurate with China's stated goals of a "well-off"(xiaokang) society, and "people-centered" development. The study, designed to develop an overall strategy for PSU reform in China, draws on systematic analysis of the current situation, and critical assessments of international experience with public services reform. Realizing the diversity and complexity of the PSU sector, and the critical importance of sector - and region - specific constraints, the study concentrates on a range of important cross-cutting themes based on case studies of three key sectors: education, health, and agriculture extension services. It is intended to contribute to the development of a PSU reform strategy by: a) providing an alternative thinking that may help policymakers consider the various issues involved in the development of PSU reform strategy; and, b) recommending key guiding principles and direction of reform actions. Constrained by the complexity of the issue and availability of data, the study does not address practical implementation issues, except for a few. Further work is needed to translate the recommended overall strategy into doable action plans tailored to the specific circumstances of sectors and regions. Chapter 1 provides an introductory account of what PSUs are, how they operate, how they have been reformed in the past two decades, as well as a diagnostic analysis of current problems within the existing system. Relevant international experience with public service delivery and reform is reviewed in Chapter 2, while key recommendations with regard to an overall reform strategy are presented in Chapter 3.