Other Public Sector Study
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Publication
A Comparative Analysis of Laws on Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems: Estonia, Ethiopia, Vietnam, and South Korea
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017-09)If one lives in a society in which unique identification numbers (UINs) are assigned upon registration of birth and such registration almost always occurs immediately after birth and in which the UIN allows the individual to access the system of social welfare and services, it is hard to imagine that a person can exist without any state-recognized systematic registration process, but this is reality in many parts of the world. Whereas citizens of the developed world take registration of vital events such as births, deaths, marriages, and divorces as a matter of course, the births of millions of babies born every year around the world are not registered, and more than half of the deaths on earth are not recorded. The government of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic requested support from the World Bank Group to help review its 2009 Family Registration Law in preparation for amendment of the law, which is expected to be submitted to the ordinary session of the National Assembly, VIII Legislature in April 2018. Accordingly, Korea Legislation Research Institute's (KLRI) Office of Global Legal Research was enlisted to conduct the requested research by comparing the civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) laws of four countries with diverse systems: Estonia, Ethiopia, Vietnam, and South Korea. The findings may also be of interest to other countries that are considering reviewing, amending, or enacting CRVS laws. -
Publication
The State of Identification Systems in Africa: Country Briefs
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017)The global landscape of identification (ID) is changing rapidly. Technology is making it cheaper to identify people accurately, while the opportunities of the digital era are making it more important to be able to prove one’s identity. The role of ID systems has become essential in areas ranging from financial inclusion, social protection, migration, and even coping with natural disasters. Based on the World Bank’s identification for development (ID4D) program’s database, more than 40 percent of those lacking IDs in the world live in Africa. For the first time, the World Bank is planning to provide financial support and technical assistance to ID systems in Africa; this is an area in which it has had marginal involvement until now. The knowledge base related to ID systems in Africa has expanded dramatically. Applying a standardized assessment approach, the World Bank has financed more than 20 country reports and produced a synthesis report covering 17 of them. This publication draws from those reports as well as primary and secondary sources to provide a brief sketch of the foundational ID system in 48 African countries. The brief also confirms that the gaps in the legal and institutional environment that were found in the subset of countries covered in the synthesis report are representative of the wider African context. This volume represents a very small step toward increasing the understanding of the rapidly changing landscape of ID systems in Africa. -
Publication
Identification for Development: Zambia
(World Bank, Lusaka, 2016-08)Zambia provides a distinctive case of national identity management. Even from before independence in 1964 the identity card has played a prominent role and by 2010 the National Registration Card (NRC) covered more than 83 percent of the population of 16 and above. At the same time civil registration (the registration of births, deaths,marriages, divorces and other vial events) has remained underdeveloped, inter alia because of a lack of utility perceived by many, poverty among large parts of the population and a centralized process anchored in the law of 1973. The country is now embarking on a reorganization of its civil registration operations and is on the brink of introducing a new national ID.This report of the World Bank's mission on its Identity Management Systems Analysis (IMSA) in Zambia should be seen against the backdrop of the rapid introduction of information and communication technology in all spheres of life, including in e-government and in the digital economy across the globe, and in Africa witness the theme of the 2016 World Economic Forum held in Rwanda. This report first starts with an analysis of the state-of-play in the domain of national identity management, which is its prime focus, in Chapter 3. It then moves on to an analysis of the policy, institutional and regulatory frameworks for delivering e-government and identity services in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 then presents an analysis of institutional demand for identity services, covering some major public and private sector actors, such as Zambia's Revenue Authority, Bank of Zambia and the Ministry of Community Development and Social Welfare, and private sector actors such as banks, insurance companies and MNOs. The report's last section in Annex 6 presents conclusions and recommendations. -
Publication
Identification for Development: Kenya
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016)Identification schemes are key enablers for the effective delivery of services and more broadly for the quality of engagement between a country’s government and its citizens. Legal identity is now recognized as an essential element of development; target 16.9 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) refers to the provision of universal legal identity, including through birth registration, by 2030. Legal identity is central to the rights set out, for example, in the Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In addition, effective identification is important for at least ten of the other SDGs. This assessment of Kenya’s ID system was undertaken under the umbrella of the World Bank Identification for Development (ID4D) initiative. Its general objective is to map out the system, identify its ID assets and suggest areas where they can be strengthened. More specifically, the Bank is engaged in supporting a number of transfer and similar programs that place particular demands on identification systems through the National Safety Net Program for Results and is also financing the Kenya Transparency and Communications Infrastructure (KTCIP) project to scale up digital inclusion and e-Government. This project includes the digitization of registration data. In order to address these issues a World Bank mission visited Kenya May 18–28. Its broad objective was to better understand the nature and capabilities of Kenya’s ID system, its role in development and how best to work with the country to strengthen this. The mission also sought to assess the ID system from the perspectives of the identification needs of the operational engagements and their current and potential role in strengthening the system of civil registration and identification. The mission met with stakeholders from both the supply and demand sides of the ID system and thanks the Government of Kenya for facilitating open and comprehensive discussions. -
Publication
Identification for Development: Guinea
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016)Guinea’s ITC sector, the pilot project for the establishment of a national digital identification system must be more clearly defined; clarification is required regarding the status of the project signed at the end of March 2015, for the establishment of a civil registry and the production of National Identity Cards. Notwithstanding the solution chosen by the Guinean authorities, the terms of reference must be drafted in such a way as to ensure that: the needs of all sectors are duly taken into account; the right of all to civil registration is respected; resources already invested are re-utilized; the system to be put in place is perfectly well organized and in conformity with an existing legal framework, or one to be defined; the system will be interoperable; the system is sustainable.a comprehensive assessmentof eID initiatives, in order to avoid launching an eID project in an uncoordinated manner. Therefore, the National Digital Identification Register, herein after referred to as the Project, must constitute the backbone of allservices to citizens and be a flagship project in the area of civil registration. The most difficult phase of the Project is the initial development of the register, which must be constituted while ensuring that the rights of all citizens are respected. This may only be achieved if there is full transparency at all stages of the process and if all citizens understand the issues involved. As part of the preliminary study on the implementation of a national digital identification system, we have conducted an analysis of the current situation, gathering information on systems already in place or in the process of implementation, as well as the needs of the various Ministries. This report should serve as the basis for recommendations to be made for the implementation of a national digital identification system. This document is intended for all stakeholders who have participated in this study. It could be used in the event of arbitration by the Guinean authorities in relation to the development and implementation of the Project. -
Publication
Estonia: A Successfully Integrated Population-Registration and Identity Management System
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-11)Integrated civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) and identity management systems (IDMS) provide a critical basis for identity management and the establishment of personal identity. When developed in an integrated matter, these systems can provide major savings in terms of time and costs, in addition to creating efficiencies in the flow of information across relevant institutions. Some countries are leading the development of more integrated approaches, and the lessons learned, if properly documented, may be useful to many low- and middle-income countries. This report describes the particular case of Estonia, and the process through which the country has developed an integrated population registration and identification system aiming at improve public service delivery. The report identifies enabling factors and best practices that may be applicable to other countries. -
Publication
Identity Management Systems Analysis: Botswana Country Report
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-09)This report analyses the identity management system (IMS) of the Republic of Botswana with respect to: (1) accessibility, (2) robustness, (3) integration and regulated access to data, and (4) legal frameworks and data protection, and documents the extent to which the legal and institutional framework and the human and physical infrastructures have facilitated the establishment, operationalization, and management of identity management as a comprehensive system. Botswana has a single foundational IMS is a primary tool for public administration and governance as well as facilitation of service delivery to the public. It creates one identity per person pursuant to the current legal framework which is used several times by the person at various institutions to facilitate the individual’s access to services including social safety net programs, claiming of rights, and entitlements. The national identity card is used as a breeder document for obtaining other documents such as passports, driver’s licenses, and voter registration cards. The national identity number used at age 16 is the same unique identification number (UID) issued upon registration of birth. This strategy ensures an identity life cycle from identity establishment to end of identity. The national identity management system is linked with other systems, such as the electoral system, the social benefit registration system (SOBERS), government payroll, and the transport system. Similarly, through this link, the national IMS is updated in real time when a death occurs. It is envisaged that the identity management (ID-M) system will in the future be linked to the immigration and citizenship system under the department of immigration and citizenship to progress it to a fully-fledged population register or people hub. -
Publication
Identification for Development: Cote d’Ivoire
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-06)The report is organized into the following sections: section two presents the approach and methodology of the evaluation used. It gives an overview of the Identification Systems Analysis (ISA). Section three gives a detailed description of the Identity ecosystem in Cote d’Ivoire. It examines all the identification schemes that were considered of primary importance by the Mission and that were part of the interviews conducted. Where enough data was collected, the ISA analysis is performed and the color coded score is presented. Section four presents a series of recommendations to address the identification needs of the WB Project but also for improving the identification practices in the country in general. Those recommendations are based on the extensive experience that the World Bank ISA team has had in the course of applying the tool in similar environments. In addition to these primary sections, the report contains four appendices: appendix one presents the scoring methodology of ISA. Appendix two provides a brief history of identification regulations in Côte d’Ivoire. It is meant to give some legal context to the identification schemes currently in place. Appendix three discusses how the foundation of current identity schemes (national identity card and the voter register) were dictated by the Peace Accord of Ouagadougou, and what role identity played in the conflict and the exit from that period. Appendix four is a detailed overview of the important law on privacy. The so called Law No. 2013-450 related to the protection of personally identifying information, which was adopted in 2013 and is currently being enforced systematically. This is the Côte d’Ivoire adaptation of the ECOWAS law on data protection and it represents a very significant body of codified legislation.