Other Public Sector Study
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Publication
Community Driven Development and Accountable Local Governance : Some Lessons from the Philippines
(Washington, DC, 2009-10-15)This study evaluates the connections between community-driven development (CDD) and decentralized local governance, and the need to identify strategies for operational integration. It aims to deepen the understanding of how the institutional environment for local governance interacts with CDD project operations. It gives special emphasis on the issue of accountability, analyzing how CDD operations perform in terms of strengthening the capacity of citizens and civil society to hold local authorities and public service providers accountable, and the capacity of the local government to be held accountable. The study utilizes a two-pronged approach. First, it assesses the institutional environment for accountability in local governance. Second, it examines the operations of two major World Bank-assisted CDD projects in two municipal case study sites. Given that CDD projects both shape and are shaped by local governance contexts in which they are embedded, the study investigates how CDD operations in the Philippines are affected by and are helping reform local governance conditions. It is from the analysis of this interface between CDD operations and local governance conditions that the study aims to generate policy and operational recommendations to enhance integration between CDD and local governance approaches. The analysis of the institutional environment for accountability in local governance often found an enabling policy and legal framework in principle, but severely limiting constraints in practice. -
Publication
Kingdom of Thailand - Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability : Public Financial Management Assessment
(World Bank, 2009-10-01)The Government of Thailand has been undertaking wide ranging public financial management reforms since 1999 across the six core dimensions of Public Financial Management (PFM) performance identified in the performance measurement framework. Key reforms include: (i) the deployment of an integrated Government Fiscal Management Information System (GFMIS) for budget execution and reporting; (ii) implementation of Strategic Performance Based Budgeting (SPBB) framework; (iii) implementing the International Public Sector Accounting Standards for reporting; (iv) conducting financial, procurement, performance, and risk based audits; and (v) putting in place a system of key performance indicators (KPIs) to foster greater service delivery responsiveness by government agencies. This Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) report aims to assess the status of the PFM system in Thailand across the six core dimensions of PFM performance using the standard PEFA methodology of 28 high level indicators, excluding the donor practices indicators. -
Publication
Kenya - Economic Development, Police Oversight, and Accountability : Linkages and Reform Issues
(World Bank, 2009-09-16)The objective of this study is to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on police reform in Kenya, where poor police services are eroding the state's capacity to protect people and property, thereby limiting the country's efforts in relation to economic development and poverty reduction. Five years after launching a series of programs and pilot projects to improve police performance, the government of Kenya concluded that the reform program achieved only limited success: the country is continuing to experience high levels of crime and inter-ethnic violence and other insecurity concerns. Since 2003, reforms have focused on addressing the chronic lack of public confidence in the police and the persistence of corruption at all levels of the police force. Many of the reforms have been aimed at enhancing operational efficiency and expanding institutional capacity, especially by rehabilitating premises and purchasing vehicles. Despite these efforts, the force continues to be seriously weakened by structural dysfunction and extremely limited capacity, which are at the center of the most serious governance problems facing Kenya, namely, large-scale corruption, high levels of crime, and interethnic violence. This study supplements the Kenyan experience by drawing on police reform research and experiences from Latin America and elsewhere in Sub-Saharan Africa. -
Publication
Pakistan - Tax Policy Report : Tapping Tax Bases for Development - Full Report
(World Bank, 2009-07-01)The main message of this report is that Pakistan can take measures to increase the tax to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio by around 3.5 percentage points over the next five years. In order to ensure a healthy long-run economic development, Pakistan needs to embrace substantial changes in tax policy aimed at increasing the buoyancy of the tax system, broadening the tax bases, reducing distortions and phasing out exemptions. Such tax reforms are also required to deal with the risks stemming from sustained large budget deficits. Failing to act sooner rather than later, only makes the problem more difficult to address without considerable instability, raises the probability of fiscal and financial disarray at some point in the future, and runs the risks of further constraining policy flexibility in future. This report highlights design ingredients for a comprehensive reform of tax policy in Pakistan. In the final analysis, the success of tax reform will depend less on the mechanism of taxation and more on the politics of taxation. Beyond adequate administrative resources and an implementation strategy, this will require a clear political recognition of the importance of the task and the willingness to persist with tax reform over the long haul. -
Publication
Pakistan - Tax Policy Report : Tapping Tax Bases for Development - Summary Report
(World Bank, 2009-07-01)The main message of this report is that Pakistan can take measures to increase the tax to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio by around 3.5 percentage points over the next five years. In order to ensure a healthy long-run economic development, Pakistan needs to embrace substantial changes in tax policy aimed at increasing the buoyancy of the tax system, broadening the tax bases, reducing distortions and phasing out exemptions. Such tax reforms are also required to deal with the risks stemming from sustained large budget deficits. Failing to act sooner rather than later, only makes the problem more difficult to address without considerable instability, raises the probability of fiscal and financial disarray at some point in the future, and runs the risks of further constraining policy flexibility in future. This report highlights design ingredients for a comprehensive reform of tax policy in Pakistan. In the final analysis, the success of tax reform will depend less on the mechanism of taxation and more on the politics of taxation. Beyond adequate administrative resources and an implementation strategy, this will require a clear political recognition of the importance of the task and the willingness to persist with tax reform over the long haul. -
Publication
Outsourcing Social Services to CSOs : Lessons from Abroad
(World Bank, 2009-06-01)This study aims to provide the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MoCA) of the People's Republic of China an overview of international experience with the use of direct and indirect, consumer and producer side instruments for engaging civil society organizations in the delivery of government-financed social and human services. The discussion in the report falls into three major parts. Part one offers an overview of the scale of the civil society sector globally and of the extent and patterns of government support for it. Against this backdrop, part two then examines in more detail the experience of particular countries with government-nonprofit cooperation with respect to outsourcing social services. Finally, based on these experiences, the final part offers some suggestions for the Government of China as it seeks to fashion a workable relationship with the emerging Chinese civil society organization (CSO) sector. -
Publication
Support to Civil Service Reform in Indonesia : Report from a Programming Mission to Jakarta
(Washington, DC, 2009-05-07)Civil service reform in Indonesia is needed to sustain the important institutional reform results achieved over the last ten years in various sectors and policy areas and to further consolidate Indonesia as a progressing middle income country. This report summarizes a mission to Indonesia on February 2-13, 2009. The purpose of the mission was to i) map, describe and assess current approach and status of ongoing civil service reform initiatives in selected central government institutions; ii) make recommendations related to scope, focus and approach of continued reforms; and iii) propose to the Government of Indonesia (GOI) a World Bank program of assistance in support of the government's reform agenda. The report is intended to provide a basis for a decision within the Bank on whether and how to continue and scale up an engagement on civil service reform in Indonesia. Aligned with the three objectives, the mission report first provides an introduction to the political economy of civil service reform in Indonesia and an overview and profile of ongoing reform initiatives. It then analyses key civil service challenges, using the dimension in the draft framework for Actionable Governance Indicators as a point of departure. Finally, a possible program for donor support is presented in light of the analysis of key challenges and the political economy of reform. -
Publication
GDLN Seminar on Strengthening Disaster Risk Management in East Asia and the Pacific : Volume 4. Housing and Community Reconstruction after Natural Disasters
(Washington, DC, 2009-04)In the GLDN seminar, the recovery procedures in the aftermath of the Kobe earthquake and the Asian tsunami were discussed. This introduction to Catastrophe Risk Financing Frameworks seminar provided participants with an understanding of catastrophe risk financing frameworks. In addition, it informed participants of new product lines in risk mitigation and risk finance and transfer and shared experiences of Bank-financed projects, including Turkey's Catastrophic Insurance Pool. -
Publication
El Salvador : Policy Dialogue and Consensus Building Non-Lending Technical Assistance
(Washington, DC, 2009-01)The Non-lending Technical Assistance (NLTA) to support policy dialogue and consensus building in El Salvador was a just-in-time response to support the Bank s re-engagement in the country in the context of a transition period characterized by: a) the political transition process in the country including the presidential and Congress pre-election and election periods and the change of administration; b) the impact of the global economic crisis hitting a highly vulnerable local economy; and c) the preparation of the Bank s Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) aiming at re-engaging and reactivating a program in a country with minimum activity in the past four years. A country characterized with a highly polarized political system was going through a historic transition period with a new government coming from the opposition party for the first time in 20 years. The transition that took place in mid 2009 was also marked with the strong hit of the global economic crisis that impacted on the overall country s macroeconomic performance and seriously limited the capacity of the government to respond to urgent needs. Within this context the proposed NLTA was conceived to provide support to the country policy dialogue by facilitating the discussion of critical aspects in the context of the adverse economic and social situation. -
Publication
Procurement Monitoring and Social Accountability: Curriculum Development Program
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2009)The devolution of procurement responsibilities to local levels of government is increasingly occurring across South Asia. This trend is significant because increasingly localized decision-making better enables communities to hold government authorities accountable for the effectiveness of public spending, which can lead to various improved development outcomes, such as improvements in quality of service delivery; greater empowerment and understanding by end-users services supplied through public procurement processes; and improved oversight and accountability of service delivery agencies. The objective of this report is to set out an overview of the strategic approach developed by World Bank Institute (WBI) as a component of the Norwegian governance trust fund (NTF) program `procurement and service delivery: establishing effective collaboration between government and beneficiaries on monitoring procurement outcomes`. WBI received funds under the NTF to facilitate the development of context and audience-specific knowledge products by recognized practitioners and civil society organizations in South Asia as part of a broader effort to create a practical curriculum on social accountability in procurement.