Other Public Sector Study
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Publication
The Evolving Role of the Planning Function: International Experience and Reform Options for India
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-11-01)This note presents the main trends in strategic planning across public sector administrations in seven countries: Australia, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Malaysia, South Korea, and Colombia. It was prepared in response to the Indian Government's interest in understanding the emerging trends in the evolution of strategic planning in a range of countries and effectively adapting this function across public administration at the national and subnational levels. -
Publication
Managing Groundwater for Drought Resilience in South Asia
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-01)This report presents the findings of a diagnostic study examining pathways and options for strengthening the governance of South Asia’s groundwater resources in the face of climate change and increasing reliance on the resource by dependent communities, particularly during times of drought. This study identifies, analyzes, and recommends management interventions that aid reforms of groundwater governance and, thus, greater sustainability of groundwater; in addition, these management interventions can strengthen drought resilience within the South Asia region. A broad analytical framework and a series of case studies comprise most of the report. These cover a range of policy and management approaches in different hydrogeological and socioeconomic settings with reference to key groundwater challenges. They provide insights and potential solutions, tailored to specific groundwater resources and contextual problems across South Asia. -
Publication
Bangladesh Right To Information Survey 2019
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020)The year 2019 marks the tenth year of the Right to Information (RTI) act enactment in Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh (GoB) has made good progress in implementing the RTI Act 2009 in the past decade. The RTI survey was conducted between January and March of 2019. The survey results reveal that the contribution of the RIT Act 2009 has overall been positive in the last decade. Especially, notable progress has taken place in making the supply side prepared in implementing the RTI Act. The survey will enable policymakers and RTI activists to identify and seal the pores and bring about the desired changes in perception, behavior, and actions of various stakeholders, including the citizens. -
Publication
Support to Government of India for Implementation of National Urban Sanitation Policy
(Washington, DC, 2015-04-28)This synthesis report details the process, outputs and intermediate outcomes of the World Bank’s Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) Technical Assistance (TA) to Support Government of India for implementation of the National Urban Sanitation Policy (P131963). The objective of this TA was to (i) strengthen urban sanitation services and target the urban poor by development of strategies for regulation, funds allocation, improved accountability mechanisms and implementation of inclusive sanitation policies at national level and in at least five states, with two of these low-income states (LIS). This was to be supplemented with (ii) enabling design and use of improved performance monitoring systems by Government of India, 3 states and 300 urban local bodies by 2015, and (iii) strengthen capacity of local urban government institutions to provide improved – inclusive and sustainable – sanitation services for all. This TA provides the building blocks for sustainable sanitation improvements which are being adopted and implemented as part of another TA (P131967) in Madhya Pradesh and Tripura to pilot and operationalize City Sanitation Plans (CSPs) towards outcome oriented sector improvements. The areas addressed in this TA include the following specific goals of the NUSP: open defecation free cities, and integrated city-wide sanitation. The TA provided assistance to central government and the states in putting in place various elements identified as necessary for sector improvement, including planning, provisioning and monitoring processes. The TA also identified the need for the cities to see opportunities for financial recovery of investments through reuse and recycle strategies, to strengthen the incentive for investment in sanitation improvements. -
Publication
Republic of India: Piloting and Operationalization of City Sanitation Plans towards Outcome Oriented Sector Investments
(Washington, DC, 2015-04-28)This synthesis report details the process, outputs and intermediate outcomes of the World Bank’s Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) Technical Assistance (TA) to pilot and operationalize city sanitation plans (CSPs) towards outcome oriented sector investments (P131967). This TA addresses issues of ad hoc planning though CSPs that are holistic, intended for city-wide implementation and address the full cycle of sanitation. However, prior to preparation and operationalization of CSPs, it was recognized that this needed to be anchored in a statewide sanitation program. The statewide sanitation program needed to: estimate and provide for the capital requirements to address the gaps in sanitation infrastructure across the sanitation service delivery chain (collection, treatment and disposal), estimate the operation and maintenance (OM) requirements, and set out the framework for prioritization of cities, and attendant institutional frameworks. This TA aimed at piloting and operationalization of CSPs towards outcome oriented sector investments, by supporting (i) select state and local governments with technical assistance to operationalize city sanitation plans by targeting outcome oriented investments, and (ii) improving the institutional and regulatory framework and strengthening state and local government capacity for efficient and sustainable delivery of Government of India or World Bank or other development partner funded programs. -
Publication
Supporting Impact Evaluation Studies in Water Supply and Sanitation in India
(Washington, DC, 2015-04-28)This synthesis report details the process, outputs and intermediate outcomes Technical Assistance (TA) ‘supporting impact evaluation studies in water supply and sanitation in India (P144956)’ implemented by the World Bank’s Water and Sanitation Program (WSP). The TA supported the design and implementation of impact evaluations in water and sanitation projects in India and also facilitated data driven analytical work and capacity building. Specific contributions of the TA are the following: enabling monitoring and evaluation, enabling policy, and enabling institutions. In the context of the significant challenges India is facing in water and sanitation access and the extreme complexity of the institutional systems for the provision of water supply and sanitation, the access to flexible yet practical analytical assistance at the point of need is highly valued by government counterparts. This TA on supporting water supply and sanitation has identified the need for a larger regional or global activity that can carry forward impact evaluations in the sector and produce global knowledge that will serve as a public good for the client countries. The TA also underscored the importance of upstream analytical work and replication of results in different contexts as well as the need to develop customizable tools and instruments for faster implementation of data collection efforts. Above all, the TA emphasized the need to invest in expanding local capacity in designing and implementing rigorous impact evaluations so that more evidence could emerge in the coming years for better policy formulation in the water and sanitation sector. -
Publication
India Land Governance Assessment: National Synthesis Report
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015)As India continues to urbanize and move towards a less agricultural- and more industry-based economy, land demands will continue to grow. Its urban population is expected to increase by more than 200 million by 2030, requiring 4 to 8 million hectares of land for residential use alone. Demands for infrastructure and industry could add a similar amount, summing to total land demand of 5 to10 percent of the land area currently used for agriculture. If not handled well, such massive land use change may increase vulnerability and food insecurity, rent-seeking, environmental problems, social dislocation, inequality, and conflict. But it also provides an opportunity to address the underlying structural issues, propelling India into the league of middle-income countries and laying the ground for significantly advancing shared prosperity and reduced poverty. This synthesis report presents results from land governance self-assessments by six states: The fact that land is a state subject implies that actions to improve land governance need to be initiated at state level. To identify opportunities, six states implemented the Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF), a tool that allow comparing the status of their land governance against international good practice along a set of dimensions in a very participatory process. Results are summarized in state reports that were validated publicly and discussed with policy makers in each state. This national report complements these and draws out common areas. -
Publication
Republic of India - eGovernance in the North East : Reducing Public Administration Constraints to Improve Service Delivery
(Washington, DC, 2014-06-02)The Government of Assam (GoA) is engaged in a process of improving services to citizens. The focus on better services to citizens is in line with the National e-Government Plan (NeGP), with a number of existing and anticipated Union Acts, and with recently passed acts in Assam, especially the Assam Right to Public Services Act of 2012. The GoA is fully aware that progress on service delivery will require attention to both vertical and horizontal connectivity, and it intends to develop a Strategic Action Plan which focuses on these critical elements. The policy dialogue with the Government of Assam and review of relevant documents reveal general agreement on main public administration constraints (PAC's) to service delivery. The current report proposes a gradual reform approach, with a focus on searching for improvements that can be accomplished with a reasonable effort. The present report is structured as follows. Chapter two, 'Public Administration Constraints (PAC's)', provides a detailed diagnostic of constraints identified in Assam, groups those under five headings, and proposes actions to address each of the constraints. Chapter three, 'the way forward' proposes a process leading to the preparation and adoption by the Government of Assam of a strategic action plan to address to address selected PAC's. -
Publication
Local Service Delivery in Nepal
(Washington, DC, 2014-06)The effectiveness of public service delivery depends in large part on the capability, resources and inputs, and the motivation of frontline service providers at the local level. In Nepal a combination of de-concentrated line agencies and local bodies at the district, municipal, and village level provides inputs which are translated into delivery of service outputs and outcomes. Yet the relationships between line agencies and local bodies in service delivery are not well understood. The purpose of this report is to examine in detail the current dynamics of frontline service delivery to identify institutional limitations and present approaches to addressing them. This study seeks to map out the dynamics of service delivery at the local level through analysis of the institutional framework and actual practices in service delivery in 14 jurisdictions in the two districts of Dhankuta and Dhanusa. The study includes a detailed review of the provision of local roads networks and primary and lower secondary education. In this context, the report is divided into four parts: part one gives introduction; part two presents institutional framework for local service delivery; part three focuses on sub-national service delivery: local roads and primary education; and part four presents conclusions and recommendations to improve frontline service delivery. -
Publication
Critical Administrative Constraints to Service Delivery : Improving Public Services in Afghanistan's Transformational Decade
(Washington, DC, 2014-05)Since 2001, the Afghan population's access to basic services has greatly improved in nearly all sectors. School enrolment has increased sharply, with over eight million children currently enrolled in school, of which 39 percent are girls. Current strategies for improving sub-national service delivery focus on delegating greater authority to provincial and district administrations. This report aims to identify administrative constraints in three key sectors of public service delivery, education, health and agricultural extension services. The analysis follows the service delivery chain, from central to provincial, through district to community level, and is particularly concerned to examine service delivery in these three sectors through the window of sub-national governance and its relations to the service delivery mandates of line ministries. The study provides the Government of Afghanistan with recommendations on how to alleviate critical constraints to service delivery at sub-national levels on a sustainable basis, in the context of an expected restrained fiscal future. The report's main findings are based on qualitative research. The key findings are based on existing literature and reports as well as field visits to 5 provinces and 10 districts and qualitative analyses of over 171 key-informant interviews on different levels of service delivery administration, 68 in-depth interviews with community leaders, and a community household survey in 20 communities spread over 5 provinces and 55 service facilities (for example, schools and clinics) were assessed. The report is split into six sections: section one gives executive summary; section two provides a brief introduction to the study objectives and clarifies some key definitions; section three outlines the methods used to perform the analysis; sections four, five, and six provide in-depth discussions of education, health, and agriculture extension respectively; and section seven provides recommendations and concludes. The over-arching governance structures and further methodological details are given in appendix one. All references and research tools are presented in annexes.