Other Poverty Study
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Publication
COVID-19 in Nigeria: Frontline Data and Pathways for Policy
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-11)The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic and its economic and social effects on households have created an urgent need for timely data to help monitor and mitigate the social and economic impacts of the crisis and protect the welfare of Nigerian society. To monitor how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the economy and people of Nigeria and to inform policy interventions and responses, the National Bureau of Statistics with technical support from the World Bank implemented the Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (NLPS) from April 2020 to April 2021. This report draws on NLPS and other relevant data to analyze COVID-19 impacts in Nigeria’s human capital, livelihoods and welfare. It also looks ahead to the broad challenges of building back better in Nigeria and summarizes priorities for policymaking and implementation. -
Publication
Improving Outcomes for Displaced Rohingya People and Hosts in Cox’s Bazar: Current Evidence and Knowledge Gaps
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-06-08)Since August 2017, more than 725,000 Displaced Rohingya People (DRP) have crossed into Bangladesh from Rakhine State in Myanmar. The influx has resulted in a protracted humanitarian crisis, as hundreds of thousands of DRP have settled into largely makeshift camps in the Cox’s Bazar (CXB) district. The DRP remain almost entirely reliant on humanitarian assistance for food, shelter, education, and healthcare. Bangladeshi host communities (HC) in the affected areas faced difficult economic conditions before 2017, and the arrival of Rohingya may have exacerbated some of these challenges. Currently, as the crisis in CXB extends due to uncertain plans for Rohingya repatriation, a review of available evidence is needed to inform the ongoing humanitarian response and guide subsequent analytical research on inclusive development outcomes for both DRP and host communities. In addition to implementing humanitarian programs in the Rohingya response, several organizations, including the World Bank, are generating knowledge products to improve the results of humanitarian action in CXB and advance longer-term development goals. The literature generated thus far is heterogeneous in approach, methods, and quality. To date, no study exists that synthesizes the findings from these studies to provide an overview for policy makers and researchers. This paper aims to identify knowledge gaps through a rapid evidence assessment of literature on the CXB region, the DRPs, and the HC. By mapping the current evidence and knowledge gaps around improving outcomes for the DRP and HC, this paper intends to provide national stakeholders, development agencies, and their partners with a holistic picture of the analytical work taking place on the ground and to indicate further research that may be needed during the ongoing humanitarian and development response. -
Publication
Monitoring Social and Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Refugees in Uganda: Results from the High-Frequency Phone Survey, First Round (October-November 2020)
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-02-24)The High-Frequency Phone Survey for refugees in Uganda (URHFPS) tracks the socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on refugees. The World Bank (WB) in collaboration with the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNCHR) launched and conducted the URHFPS. The URHFPS tracks the impacts of the pandemic on a monthly basis for a period of three months. Data collection for the first round of URHFPS took place between October 22 – November 25, 2020. This brief discusses results from the first round of the URHFPS. Where possible and appropriate, results for refugees are compared to nationals by using the national High-Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 (HFPS). The survey sample includes respondents with active phone numbers that were selected randomly from the Profile Global Registration System (ProGres) of UNHCR, and the refugee household survey carried out by UBOS and the World Bank in 2018. The targeted sample includes 2,100 households and is representative at seven strata constructed as a combination of regions and different countries of origin: Kampala-Somalia, Kampala-other (Burundi, DRC, South Sudan), South West-Burundi (SW-Burundi), South West-DRC (SW-DRC), South West-South Sudan (SW-South Sudan), South West-Somalia (SW-Somalia), and West Nile-South Sudan (WN-South Sudan). In terms of population size, the largest strata are South West-DRC and West Nile-South Sudan. Both strata account for more than 85 percent of refugees in Uganda in 2020. The realized sample after the first round was 2,010 households. In order to reduce the bias related to only interviewing households with phone numbers and non-response, the data from the 2018 representative refugee household survey was used to produce and calibrate the weights for the phone survey. -
Publication
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Low Income Households in the Philippines: Impending Human Capital Crisis
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021)The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a dramatic disruption in the delivery of education and health services in the Philippines. With school closures and challenges in the delivery of distance learning, students learning losses are expected to be enormous. Meanwhile, the health system is strained under the challenge of management of Coronavirus (COVID-19) cases which likely crowd out the delivery of essential health services. This note, a third note of the series using the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Low Income Household Panel and Economic (HOPE) Survey, investigates the impact of the pandemic on education and health behaviors as well as other welfare indicators of low-income households in the Philippines. -
Publication
Monitoring COVID-19 Impact on Households in Zimbabwe, Report No. 2: Results from a High-Frequency Telephone Survey of Households
(World Bank, Harare, 2020-12-29)The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic created an urgent need for timely information to help monitor and mitigate the social and economic impacts of the crisis. This information is essential to inform policy measures for protecting the welfare of Zimbabweans. Responding to this need, the Zimbabwe Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT), together with the World Bank and UNICEF, designed a high-frequency telephone survey of households to measure the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 in Zimbabwe. The survey builds on the Poverty, Income, Consumption and Expenditure Surveys (PICES) of 2017 and 2019 and used a sample of 1747 households in round 1 and 1639 households in round 2 from all ten provinces of Zimbabwe. The sample is representative of urban as well as rural areas. This survey is referred to as the Rapid PICES Monitoring Telephone Survey and is jointly funded by the Zimbabwe Reconstruction Fund (ZIMREF) and UNICEF, and implemented by ZIMSTAT with technical support from the World Bank and UNICEF. This brief report summarizes the results of the second round of the Rapid PICES, conducted from August 24th to September 23rd, 2020, and compares them to the findings of the first round conducted between July 6th and 24th, 2020. Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) was used for data collection. An overview of the findings of the key indicators for both rounds is provided at the end of this note. -
Publication
Monitoring COVID-19 Impact on Households in Zimbabwe, Report No. 1: Results from a High-Frequency Telephone Survey of Households
(World Bank, Harare, 2020-11-19)The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic created an urgent need for timely information to help monitor and mitigate the social and economic impacts of the crisis. This information is essential to inform policy measures for protecting the welfare of Zimbabweans. Responding to this need, the Zimbabwe Statistical Agency (ZIMSTAT), together with the World Bank and UNICEF, designed a high-frequency telephone survey of households to measure the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 in Zimbabwe. The survey builds on the Poverty, Income, Consumption and Expenditure Surveys (PICES) of 2017 and 2019 and uses a sample of 1747 households from all ten provinces of Zimbabwe. The sample is representative for urban as well as rural areas. This survey is referred to as the Rapid PICES Monitoring Telephone Survey and is funded by the Zimbabwe Reconstruction Fund (ZIMREF), and implemented by ZIMSTAT with technical support from the World Bank and UNICEF. This brief report summarizes the results of the first round of the Rapid PICES, conducted between 6th and 24th July, 2020. The telephone interview lasted for 25 minutes on average and covered topics such as knowledge of COVID and mitigation measures, access to and participation in educational activities during school closures, access to basic necessities, employment dynamics, income losses, food security and assistance received. The plan is to repeat the interviews every 4-6 weeks. Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) was used for data collection. -
Publication
COVID-19 Impact Monitoring: Uganda, Round 2
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-11-01)In June 2020, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics, with the support from the World Bank, has launched the High-Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 (coronavirus) to track the impacts of the pandemic on a monthly basis for a period of 12 months. The survey aimed to recontact the entire sample of households that had been interviewed during the Uganda National Panel Survey 2019/20 round and that had phone numbers for at least one household member or a reference individual. This report presents the findings from the second round of the survey that was conducted between July 31 and August 21, 2020. -
Publication
COVID-19 Impact Monitoring: Nigeria Round 6
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-10-24)The COVID-19 pandemic and its economic and social effects on households have created an urgent need for timely data to help monitor and mitigate the social and economic impacts of the crisis and protect the welfare of Nigerian society. To monitor how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the economy and people of Nigeria and to inform policy interventions and responses, the National Bureau of Statistics with technical support from the World Bank implemented the Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (COVID-19 NLPS). This brief presents findings from the sixth round of this survey which was conducted between October 9 and 24, 2020. -
Publication
COVID-19 Impact Monitoring: Uganda, Round 1
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06-20)In June 2020, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics, with the support from the World Bank, has launched the High-Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 to track the impacts of the pandemic on a monthly basis for a period of 12 months. The survey aimed to re-contact the entire sample of households that had been interviewed during the Uganda National Panel Survey 2019/20 round and that had phone numbers for at least one household member or a reference individual. This report presents the findings from the first round of the survey that was conducted during the period of June 3-20, 2020. -
Publication
Afghanistan’s Displaced People: A Socio-Economic Profile, 2013-2014
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018-08-03)Afghans represent the world’s largest protracted refugee population, and one of the largest populations to be repatriated to their country of origin in this century. Between 2002 and 2016, over six million refugees returned to Afghanistan from neighboring countries. In 2016 alone, returnees numbered more than a million. In an already difficult context, large-scale internal displacement and return from outside have strained the delivery of public services in Afghanistan and increased competition for scarce economic opportunities, not only for the displaced, but for the population at large. This note aims at contributing to our understanding of displacement in Afghanistan by comparing the socioeconomic profiles of three populations: (i) former refugees who returned to Afghanistan between 2002 and 2014 (“pre-2015 returnees”); (ii) internally displaced persons (“IDPs”); and (iii) non-displaced persons (“hosts”). The note captures and compares these groups’ situations at a specific time-point, using data from the 2013-14 Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey (ALCS). Importantly, the results document socioeconomic conditions just prior to the transfer of security responsibilities from international troops to the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) in 2014, which was associated with a subsequent decline in aid, both security and civilian, and a sharp drop in economic activity. The results presented here cover the largest return of Afghans to the county following the fall of the Taliban in 2002, but precede the more recent large-scale return of Afghan refugees from Pakistan in 2016-17. Future publications will extend the findings summarized here with analysis of new and existing data covering this recent influx. This research is part of an ongoing effort to document population displacement challenges and solutions in Afghanistan over time. Data from ALCS 2013-14 establish baseline socio-economic profiles for returned refugees, IDPs, and non-displaced hosts. Further research and analysis now in progress will document how these conditions have changed since 2013-14, and will distill evidence for policy to improve socio-economic outcomes among Afghanistan’s displaced and non-displaced people.