Other Poverty Study
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Publication
Iran Poverty Diagnostic: Poverty and Shared Prosperity
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-12-07)This poverty diagnostic reviews welfare outcomes in the Islamic Republic of Iran between 2011 and 2020, with a focus on poverty and shared prosperity. Iran is the only country in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) that collects high quality household budget survey data on an annual basis and makes them publicly available. Drawing from this data, this diagnostic will look at the trends, determinants, and drivers of poverty in Iran at the national, subnational, and household levels. Two further deep dives will be published in early 2024, one on the differential impact of the reimposition of sanctions and of COVID-19 on household welfare: and the second on the welfare implications of drought and water scarcity. The analysis in this report outlines a dramatic increase in poverty in Iran, against the backdrop of a lost decade of economic growth. Subject to on-again, off-again sanctions, swings in international oil prices, and the COVID-19 pandemic, the country saw its per-capita GDP contract by 0.6 percentage points each year, on average, over the past decade. Better management of volatile oil revenues and continued efforts to diversify may help mitigate the economic impact of these fluctuations in the future. Addressing the underlying drivers of inflation will also ensure that earnings are not eroded by increasing prices. The country has seen almost 10 million people slide into poverty, exacerbating social inequities. Forty percent of Iranians are vulnerable to falling into poverty. The lack of growth offers a partial explanation for this dismal welfare trend, but it is not the whole story. Indeed, during Iran’s short period of economic expansion, poverty rates barely budged. The benefits of growth accrued to households in the top consumption quintiles while households in the bottom quintiles were left behind. There is also evidence of persistent structural inequities between rural and urban residents, men, and women, and those with and without a secondary education. Looking forward, there is scope to address structural inequities in the country. -
Publication
East Asia and the Pacific Macro Poverty Outlook: Country-by-Country Analysis and Projections for the Developing World, Annual Meetings 2023
(Washington, DC, 2023-10-23)This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the East Asia and the Pacific region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank’s most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region. -
Publication
Latin America and the Caribbean Macro Poverty Outlook: Country-by-Country Analysis and Projections for the Developing World, Annual Meetings 2023
(Washington, DC, 2023-10-23)This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the Latin America and the Caribbean region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank’s most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region. -
Publication
Sub-Saharan Africa Macro Poverty Outlook: Country-by-country Analysis and Projections for the Developing World, Annual Meetings 2023
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-10-18)This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the Sub-Saharan Africa region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank’s most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region. -
Publication
South Asia Macro Poverty Outlook: Country-by-country Analysis and Projections for the Developing World, Annual Meetings 2023
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-10-18)This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the South Asia region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank’s most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region. -
Publication
Middle East and North Africa Macro Poverty Outlook: Country-by-country Analysis and Projections for the Developing World, Annual Meetings 2023
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-10-16)This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the Middle East and North Africa region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank’s most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region. -
Publication
Europe and Central Asia Macro Poverty Outlook: Country-by-country Analysis and Projections for the Developing World, Annual Meetings 2023
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-10-16)This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the Europe and Central Asia region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank’s most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region. -
Publication
Connecting the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica: Urbanization Review of the South Corridor
(World Bank, 2023-05-11)This urbanization review “Connecting the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica” focuses on the South Corridor, a lagging (sub)region within Costa Rica’s Greater Metropolitan Area (Gran Area Metropolitana, GAM), and the challenges facing the subregion as a result of rapid and unplanned urbanization, including housing, mobility, planning and municipal finance. The aim is to provide a framework for thinking about possible solutions to these challenges, with a view to improving the living conditions of its residents, connecting them to opportunities in the capital city, and addressing barriers to achieving sustainable development. As the analysis focuses on the different dimensions that constitute processes of rapid urbanization and how to manage them, the findings may be relevant for other urban centers and municipalities that may face a similar set of challenges as the South Corridor does. -
Publication
Indonesia Poverty Assessment - Pathways towards Economic Security
(Washington, DC, 2023-05-10)Indonesia can build on its impressive track-record of poverty reduction to tackle more ambitious poverty reduction targets. Indonesia has made impressive gains in reducing poverty, with previously lagging regions catching up, and the Government’s goal to eliminate extreme poverty by 2024 practically met. As an aspiring upper middle-income country, however, Indonesia may want to widen its focus beyond extreme poverty by moving from the US$ 1.90 2011 PPP poverty line to higher lines for middle-income countries. The focus should also include economically insecure households susceptible to falling back into poverty. Is Indonesia’s current effort ready for this challenge Human capital outcomes are disappointing and worrying geographic disparities remain. Low productivity still prevents households from becoming economically secure. Shocks, including from climate change, continue to threaten reversal in poverty gains. In this report the authors identify several major pathways to tackle these challenges in a comprehensive and sustainable manner. -
Publication
Internally Displaced Persons in Azerbaijan: Livelihoods, Services and Intentions
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-04-01)Following the resurgence of conflict along the Armenia-Azerbaijan border regions between September and November 2020, the governments of Azerbaijan and Armenia signed the Trilateral Cease-fire Statement that resolved some aspects of the decades-long conflict. In December 2022, as a follow-up to the Republic of Azerbaijan 2022-2026 Socio-economic Development Strategy, the Government of Azerbaijan launched the State Program on the Great Return to the Liberated Territories of the Republic of Azerbaijan which describes a range of activities to facilitate the reconstruction of parts of the Karabakh region and the progressive return or resettlement of approximately 700,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) originally from Azerbaijan’s border regions. Despite the support of the Azerbaijan government and international organizations, significant portions of the IDP population remain in poor living conditions, hampered by a lack of financial resources or essential services, as well as limited access to stable employment and/or high-income professions. For those who wish to do so, returning to the regions that they still consider home could provide an opportunity for IDP families to improve their standard of living and access to long-term professional and financial success.