Other Procurement Study
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Publication Green Public Procurement: An Overview of Green Reforms in Country Procurement Systems(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-11-04) World BankThis report provides an overview of international experience in the implementation of Green Public Procurement (GPP). It focuses on the institutional framework that is needed to support the mainstreaming of GPP practices across government. The intention is to equip practitioners with a broad understanding of the issues they need to consider in the design and implementation of GPP reforms. The report draws on a wide range of country examples. It provides links to handbooks and tools for practitioners.Publication Econometric Analysis of Framework Agreements in Brazil and Colombia(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-06) World BankProcurement of commonly used items is a challenge for government agencies. If the items are repeatedly purchased in one-off fashion, so that the total volume is significant, there may be potential problems like loss of economy of scale, loss of efficiency, lower competition, and no long-term partnership with suppliers. Framework agreements (FAs) have emerged as a potential solution for the issues. Many countries (particularly in Americas and Europe) have used FAs successfully, though the use of FAs by countries outside these regions is still very low. Hence there is tremendous potential for scaling-up the use of FAs in developing countries. This study uses public procurement data from Brazil and Colombia, two major users of FAs. The subsequent chapters will describe the data used for the analysis, the methodology, and the findings. The country contexts, designs of FAs, available data and research questions vary across Brazil and Colombia, and therefore the empirical findings are not comparable between these two countries. For each country case, the analysis provides insights on the benefits and costs of using FAs and useful lessons that can be informative for other countries that are considering adopting or strengthening the use of FAs with similar design. Chapter one gives introduction. Chapters two and three cover data analytics from Brazil and Colombia respectively. Additionally, following annexures are part of this report: annexure-A: a brief introduction to regression analysis; annexure-B: supporting data and information - Brazil; and annexure-C: supporting data and information - Colombia.Publication Strengthening Infrastructure Governance for Investment and Service Delivery in Panama(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06-24) World BankGlobal evidence suggests better infrastructure governance results in more efficient spending and better growth outcomes at the national and subnational levels of government. Several studies (International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2015; OECD, 2015; World Bank 2014; OECD, 2013a) demonstrate that improvements in infrastructure governance can lead to substantial efficiency enhancements and enhanced infrastructure productivity over the life of the asset. Conversely, poor governance is a major reason why infrastructure projects fail to meet their timeframe, budget, and service delivery objectives. This report assesses the governance of the infrastructure sectors in Panama. Building on a dedicated infrastructure governance framework (see Section II), the report looks at the sector specific arrangements in electricity and water as well as the cross-cutting framework for infrastructure planning, procurement and delivery including for PPPs. The main recommendations of the report are presented in Section I below. Aimed at addressing Panama’s infrastructure governance bottlenecks, the recommendations specify the suggested timeline and priority.