Other Procurement Study
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Publication
Econometric Analysis of Framework Agreements in Brazil and Colombia
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-06)Procurement of commonly used items is a challenge for government agencies. If the items are repeatedly purchased in one-off fashion, so that the total volume is significant, there may be potential problems like loss of economy of scale, loss of efficiency, lower competition, and no long-term partnership with suppliers. Framework agreements (FAs) have emerged as a potential solution for the issues. Many countries (particularly in Americas and Europe) have used FAs successfully, though the use of FAs by countries outside these regions is still very low. Hence there is tremendous potential for scaling-up the use of FAs in developing countries. This study uses public procurement data from Brazil and Colombia, two major users of FAs. The subsequent chapters will describe the data used for the analysis, the methodology, and the findings. The country contexts, designs of FAs, available data and research questions vary across Brazil and Colombia, and therefore the empirical findings are not comparable between these two countries. For each country case, the analysis provides insights on the benefits and costs of using FAs and useful lessons that can be informative for other countries that are considering adopting or strengthening the use of FAs with similar design. Chapter one gives introduction. Chapters two and three cover data analytics from Brazil and Colombia respectively. Additionally, following annexures are part of this report: annexure-A: a brief introduction to regression analysis; annexure-B: supporting data and information - Brazil; and annexure-C: supporting data and information - Colombia. -
Publication
Improving Transparency and Accountability in Public-Private Partnerships: Disclosure Diagnostic Report - Uganda
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06-24)Between December 2017 and April 2018, a joint Government of Uganda and World Bank team conducted a study on public-private partnership (PPP) disclosure in Uganda, using the PPP Disclosure Diagnostic template recommended by the World Bank Framework for Disclosure of Information in PPPs. This study has been consolidated in the form of a PPP Disclosure Diagnostic Report (hereinafter Diagnostic Report) for Uganda. The Diagnostic Report examines the political, legal, and institutional environment for disclosure in PPPs. Based on a gap assessment exercise with key political, legal, institutional, and process findings benchmarked against the World Bank’s framework, the Diagnostic Report makes specific recommendations to improve disclosure, including recommended customized guidelines for PPP disclosure in Uganda. The findings suggest that there has been movement toward greater transparency and openness in all areas of government in Uganda, with several new initiatives having been launched in recent years. The 1995 Constitution of Uganda created new obligations on public bodies to promote more transparent governance structures. This was enhanced substantially with the enactment of the Access to Information Act 2005 (as well as the issuing of Access to Information Regulations in 2011), which, among other things, promotes proactive disclosure of information held by public authorities. Uganda has taken other progressive steps, such as signing the United Nations Convention Against Corruption and the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption. In 2010, Uganda formulated its National e-Government Policy, which, among others, formed the basis for the establishment of the Ministry of ICT and National Guidance. The policy identifies several services and processes that are being progressively rolled out on Internet-based platforms for greater efficiency and transparency. These include government-to-government services, such as implementing financial management information systems; government-to-citizen, services, such as provision of passports and other certification services; and government-to-business services, such as e-procurement for government tenders. -
Publication
Strengthening Infrastructure Governance for Investment and Service Delivery in Panama
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06-24)Global evidence suggests better infrastructure governance results in more efficient spending and better growth outcomes at the national and subnational levels of government. Several studies (International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2015; OECD, 2015; World Bank 2014; OECD, 2013a) demonstrate that improvements in infrastructure governance can lead to substantial efficiency enhancements and enhanced infrastructure productivity over the life of the asset. Conversely, poor governance is a major reason why infrastructure projects fail to meet their timeframe, budget, and service delivery objectives. This report assesses the governance of the infrastructure sectors in Panama. Building on a dedicated infrastructure governance framework (see Section II), the report looks at the sector specific arrangements in electricity and water as well as the cross-cutting framework for infrastructure planning, procurement and delivery including for PPPs. The main recommendations of the report are presented in Section I below. Aimed at addressing Panama’s infrastructure governance bottlenecks, the recommendations specify the suggested timeline and priority. -
Publication
Improving Transparency and Accountability in Public-Private Partnerships: Disclosure Diagnostic Report - Honduras
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018)A joint Government of Honduras and World Bank team conducted a study in Honduras between January and June 2017, using the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Disclosure Diagnostic template recommended by the World Bank Framework for Disclosure of Information in PPPs. This study has been consolidated in the form of a PPP Disclosure Diagnostic Report for Honduras. The Diagnostic Report examines the political, legal, and institutional environment for disclosure in PPPs. Based on a gap assessment exercise with key political, legal, institutional, and process findings benchmarked against the World Bank Framework, the Diagnostic Report makes specific recommendations to improve disclosure. The recommendations include a customized framework for disclosure of PPPs in Honduras. -
Publication
Anti-Corruption in Romania: The Way Forward
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017-06)The report is organized as follows: the first chapter presents the status quo and diagnoses the reasons for continued corruption in Romania. It examines the perception of corruption by citizens and business along with the consequences. The chapter also proposes a ‘theory of change’ that can support Romania’s anti-corruption agenda in an integrated manner. The second chapter presents a brief analysis of the institutional and legislative framework for anti-corruption initiatives in Romania, highlighting the main achievements from the past years and remaining challenges ahead. The third chapter building on the framework proposed in the previous sections, this chapter proposes policy options to reduce the incentives for corruption, increase the chances of getting caught and enforce sanctions on the corrupt, while implementing measures to change social norms. The first section on reducing corruption proposes the introduction of a meritocratic civil service to make a shift from nepotism and politicization to performance and professionalization of the civil service. At the same time, increasing the transparency of government reduces the incentive for corruption because the decision-making and budget allocation is under scrutiny from citizens and civil society. A transparent government is also an enabling condition for accountable public institutions. Introducing a functioning feedback mechanism and inviting public participation will increase the chances that corrupt public servants, politicians and business people will be caught. At the same time, improving public procurement in accordance with the principles of competition, transparency and integrity, reduces the risks of corruption. The authors intend to use the framework contained in this report for broader engagement and to develop more in-depth sectorial analysis with relevant sector representatives. This could also include some of the priority areas, as proposed in the NAS, such as public procurement, healthcare, education, or management of EU Funds. In each of these areas, the report outlines the next steps that the current administration could take to make progress on anti-corruption in the coming years. The authors intend to partner with interested government institutions and international partners interested in making progress on this agenda to implement the report’s findings. -
Publication
Benchmarking Public-Private Partnerships Procurement 2015: A Pilot in 10 Economies
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015)Inadequate infrastructure in developing countries is a major constraint on growth. Many governments face the challenge of low quality or non-existent infrastructure, often deriving from insufficient funding, poor planning, or ineffective delivery and maintenance. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) can help improve the quality of infrastructure "by vesting control rights with the private sector, bundling into one contract the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the facility, and by transferring the risk of cost and time overruns to the private partner". Well-structured PPPs create the right incentives to maintain high performance records. They also tend to realign incentives in long-term service contracts so that responsibility for service delivery is transferred to the party with most to gain from sustained high performance. An appropriate PPP preparation and bidding process leads to a more efficient use of resources because the private partner will have a stake in the long-term implications of the cost of the infrastructure. In addition to these benefits, PPPs offer an opportunity to conduct "more informed and realistic selection procedures" by assessing long-term commitments and risk and shifting the focus from inputs to outputs (and even outcomes)